Acute iatrogenic Budd-Chiari syndrome following hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis: A report of two cases

Treatment of acute intraoperative Budd-Chiari syndrome by placement of silicone prosthesis

Complete liver mobilization for major resections sometimes causes liver tilting due to the release of the suspensory elements of the liver. Rarely this may take to a liver abnormal position with acute obstruction to venous flow at the suprahepatic level (Budd-Chiari syndrome). To avoid this complication, techniques such as post-operative stent implantation have been described. The case of a patient who underwent a complete mobilization of the liver for resection of the inferior venous cava and a right renal tumor, was reported. After that, an acute Budd-Chiari Syndrome was observed caused of the liver malposition, which was solved with the placement of two silicone prostheses in the liver cell.

Acute Budd-Chiari syndrome during hepatic vein catheterization

This case report describes a 4-year-old male with a history of hepatoblastoma, treated with chemotherapy followed by a right extended hepatectomy. Secondary to this, the patient experienced recurrent hepatic vein stenosis. He was treated initially with conventional angioplasty, followed by paclitaxel-coated balloon dilatations in an attempt to prevent episodes of re-stenosis. During the catheterization of the hepatic vein in one of the treatments, hemodynamic instability due to an acute Budd-Chiari syndrome occurred. The hemodynamic compromise became unresponsive to intravascular resuscitation and inotropic support. The patient was then treated with an emergency conventional angioplasty of the hepatic vein, which resulted in a rapid response and eventually in a full recovery. The etiology of this complication remains unclear; however, it may have been secondary to endothelial damage leading to acute thrombosis and/or venous spasm. Conventional angioplasty was successful in managing this complication. Awareness of iatrogenic acute Budd-Chiari syndrome as a potentially fatal complication during hepatic catheterization/dilatation, especially in the posthepatectomy setting, successful management of this complication, and the importance of a multidisciplinary and rapid response, is emphasized.

Orthotopic liver transplantation in a pediatric patient with iatrogenic Budd-Chiari syndrome complicated by bronchobiliary fistula

We report a clinical case of OLT in a 10-year-old boy with iatrogenic BCS and BBF following three operations because of traumatic liver rupture and pulmonary contusion caused by a traffic accident 4 years ago. On follow-up, the child was asymptomatic.

Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Acute Budd-Chiari Syndrome After Extended Right Hepatectomy

Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a congestive hepatopathy caused by hepatic venous outflow obstruction. Torsion of the remnant liver after extended right hepatectomy is a potential cause of acute BCS, and it can lead to acute liver failure or death. We present a case of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) diagnosis of acute BCS after extended right hepatectomy. TEE allowed timely detection of acute BCS and consequent inferior vena cava obstruction and decreased right atrial filling as the cause of sudden life-threatening hemodynamic collapse unresponsive to intravascular volume therapy and inotropic support. TEE constituted a stepped-up level of monitoring, prompting an immediate surgical reexploration, and resolution of hemodynamic instability.

Colon perforation and Budd-Chiari syndrome in Behçet's disease

BACKGROUND

Behçet's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease involving multiple systems, with vasculitis being the most important pathological feature. Multiple colon perforations are thought to be secondary to vasculitis and they occur in patients with ulcers. These may be encountered within the entire colon but most commonly in the ileocecal region. Intestinal perforation and Budd-Chiari syndrome are infrequent in Behçet's disease, and are associated with high mortality and morbidity. Budd-Chiari syndrome results from occlusion of either hepatic veins or adjacent inferior vena cava, or both.

CASE REPORT

We report a patient with Behçet's disease having multiple perforations in the transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. The patient also had Budd-Chiari syndrome due to inferior vena cava thrombosis extending into the right and middle hepatic vein. Our observations are presented with a review of the literature.

CONCLUSIONS

In Behçet's disease, treatment of colon perforation necessitates urgent surgery, whereas management of Budd-Chiari syndrome is directed towards the underlying cause. Behçet's disease, as a chronic multisystemic disease with various forms of vasculitis, is resistant to medical and surgical treatment. Prognosis is worse in Behçet's disease with colon perforation than that in Budd-Chiari syndrome alone.

Preliminary study of a new pathological evolution-based clinical hepatolithiasis classification

AIM: To investigate clinical features, treatment strategies and outcomes of patients with hepatolithiasis (HL) undergoing surgical treatment, using a new clinical classification.

METHODS: Sixty-eight HL patients were hospitalized and treated surgically from August 2011 to December 2012 and they were classified into four HL types according to pathological evolution of the disease. These four HL types included type I primary type (defined as no previous biliary tract surgery), type II inflammatory type (with previous biliary tract surgery and cholangitis), type III mass-forming type (HL complicated by hepatic mass-forming lesion), and type IV terminal type (with secondary biliary cirrhosis and resultant portal hypertension). The perioperative data including general information, imaging data, postoperative complications, and immediate and final stone clearance rate were obtained and analyzed.

RESULTS: In all 68 patients, the proportion of HL type I-IV was 50% (34/68), 36.8% (25/68), 10.3% (7/68) and 2.8% (2/68), respectively. Abdominal pain was the main clinical manifestation in type I (88.2%), fever was predominant in type II (52.0%), the malignancy rate in type III was high (71.4%), and portal hypertension and spleen enlargement were common in type IV (2/2, 100.0%). Liver resection rate for types I-III was 79.4%, 72.0% and 71.4%, respectively. The overall incidence of postoperative complications was 23.5% (16/68). There were no perioperative deaths. The average length of hospital stay was 12.7 ± 7.3 d. Immediate and final stone clearance rate was 73.5% (50/68) and 89.7% (61/68), respectively. Fifty-nine of 68 patients (86.8%) were followed- up for > 1 year after surgery, and 96.6% of these patients (57/59) had a good quality of life according to a criterion recommended for postoperative evaluation of quality of life.

CONCLUSION: The pathological evolution-based clinical classification of HL has a role in optimizing treatment strategy, and patients can benefit from this classification when it is used properly.