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Pang X, Zheng X, Kong X, Chai Y, Wang Y, Qian H, Yang B, Wu C, Chu J, Yang T. A homozygous MITF mutation leads to familial Waardenburg syndrome type 4. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 179:243-248. [PMID: 30549420 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.60693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a genetic disorder characterized by hearing loss and pigmentary abnormalities with variable penetrance. Though heterozygous mutations in MITF are a major cause for Waardenburg syndrome type 2 (WS2), homozygous mutations in this gene and the associated phenotype have been rarely characterized. In this study, we identified a novel p.R223H mutation in MITF in a Chinese Han family with variable WS features. Both parents carried a heterozygous p.R223H mutation. They had normal hearing, and premature greying of the hair is their only pigmentary abnormality. In contrast, their two children both carried a homozygous p.R223H mutation and had classic WS features including profound hearing loss, heterochromia irides and marked pigmentary abnormalities in hair and skin. Interestingly, the two affected children also have persistent chronic constipation since the neonatal period, symptoms suggestive of Waardenburg syndrome type 4 (WS4). Our study revealed a likely association between homozygous mutations in MITF and WS4, which implies a dosage effect for the underlying pathogenesis mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Pang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuhui Kong
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongchuan Chai
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hua Qian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Taizhou People's Hospital, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiusheng Chu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Liu WC, Wan SL, Yaseen SM, Ren XH, Tian CP, Ding Z, Zheng KY, Wu YH, Jiang CQ, Qian Q. Transanal surgery for obstructed defecation syndrome: Literature review and a single-center experience. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7983-7998. [PMID: 27672293 PMCID: PMC5028812 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i35.7983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) is a functional disorder commonly encountered by colorectal surgeons and gastroenterologists, and greatly affects the quality of life of patients from both societal and psychological aspects. The underlying anatomical and pathophysiological changes of ODS are complex. However, intra-rectal intussusception and rectocele are frequently found in patients with ODS and both are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of ODS. With the development of evaluation methods in anorectal physiology laboratories and radiology studies, a great variety of new operative procedures, especially transanal procedures, have been invented to treat ODS. However, no procedure has been proved to be superior to others at present. Each operation has its own merits and defects. Thus, choosing appropriate transanal surgical procedures for the treatment of ODS remains a challenge for all surgeons. This review provides an introduction of the current problems and options for treatment of ODS and a detailed summary of the essential assessments needed for patient evaluation before carrying out transanal surgery. Besides, an overview of the benefits and problems of current transanal surgical procedures for treatment of ODS is summarized in this review. A report of clinical experience of some transanal surgical techniques used in the authors’ center is also presented.
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