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Cho M, Bu Y, Park JW, Rahman H, Ko SJ. Efficacy of complementary medicine for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small intestinal injuries: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28005. [PMID: 35049210 PMCID: PMC9191556 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small bowel injuries (NSIs) have been largely ignored for decades due to the focus on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug gastropathy. With the visualization of the small intestines enabled by video capsule endoscopy, the frequency and severity of NSIs have become more evident. NSIs have a complex pathophysiology, and no effective preventive or treatment options have been proven. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has been used to treat disorders of the small intestine, and more research on its effectiveness for NSIs has been conducted.We reviewed the current evidence and mechanisms of action of CAMs on NSI. Clinical and experimental studies on the effect of CAMs on NSIs were performed using 10 databases.Twenty-two studies (3 clinical and 19 in vivo experimental studies) were included in the final analysis involving 10 kinds of CAMs: bovine colostrum, Orengedokuto (coptis), muscovite, licorice, grape seed, wheat, brown seaweed, Ganoderma lucidum fungus mycelia, Chaenomeles speciosa (sweet) Nakai (muguasantie), and Jinghua Weikang capsule. The mechanisms of CAM include an increase in prostaglandin E2, reparation of the enteric nervous system, inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduction of intestinal permeability and enteric bacterial numbers, decrease in oxidative stress, and modulation of small intestinal motility.CAM may be a novel alternative option for treating and preventing NSI, and further studies on human and animal models with relevant comorbidities are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Cho
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Bu
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Seok-Jae Ko
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Teutsch B, Boros E, Váncsa S, Váradi A, Frim L, Kiss S, Dembrovszky F, Helyes Z, Patrícia S, Péter H, Erőss B. Mucoprotective drugs can prevent and treat nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small bowel enteropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2021; 14:17562848211038772. [PMID: 34616487 PMCID: PMC8488515 DOI: 10.1177/17562848211038772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small bowel enteropathy (SBE) is a complication of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy occurring in 71% of NSAID users. We aimed to analyse the efficacy and safety of medications to prevent and treat NSAID-induced SBE in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021223371). We systematically searched four databases until 20 October for comparing mucoprotective (MP), antibiotic and probiotic treatments to placebo, proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) or histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists in NSAID-associated small intestinal injuries. The main outcomes were mucosal integrity, mucosal breaks after treatment, mucosal injury improvement and complete healing of mucosal breaks. Meta-analytical calculations for weighted mean differences (WMDs) and odds ratios (ORs) were performed with the random-effects model and interpreted with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS A total of 18 RCTs were included in the quantitative synthesis. MP medications administered preventively reduced the number of mucosal erosions (WMD = -1.24, CI: -2.15 to -0.34) and lead to a significantly lower chance of developing mucosal breaks after treatment (OR = 0.38, CI: 0.16-0.93). MP therapy was associated with a higher rate of complete healing of mucosal breaks (OR = 5.39, CI: 2.79-10.42). In the qualitative synthesis, there were tendencies for a lower increase in the mean number of mucosal breaks and reddened lesions with prophylactic and a higher decrease in mucosal breaks with therapeutic MP drug administration. CONCLUSION MP treatment administered with NSAIDs can prevent and reduce small intestinal mucosal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Teutsch
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Boros
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fejér County Szent György University Teaching Hospital, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Váncsa
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Alex Váradi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Levente Frim
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Kiss
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fanni Dembrovszky
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Sarlós Patrícia
- Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Hegyi Péter
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Erőss
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Szigeti Street 12, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Fujimori S. Asymptomatic small intestinal ulcerative lesions: Obesity and Helicobacter pylori are likely to be risk factors. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4484-4492. [PMID: 34366619 PMCID: PMC8326254 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i28.4484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is often difficult to explain why ulcerative lesions are found in the small intestine because there are no obvious aggressors such as gastric acid. In particular, the treatment of small intestinal ulcerative lesions in asymptomatic patients with no symptoms, normal physical examinations, and normal blood test findings is not well documented. According to a summary of capsule endoscopy studies in healthy subjects, approximately 10% of subjects have small intestinal mucosal breaks. The number of mucosal breaks in these instances is approximately 1-3. We examined small intestinal mucosal breaks in healthy subjects recruited from our past two studies. Mucosal breaks were observed in approximately 10% of subjects, and the average number was 0.24 ± 1.21. The number of mucosal breaks in the small intestine was correlated with body mass index and was significantly higher in Helicobacter pylori-infected subjects and higher in males. These results indicate that 1-2 small ulcerative lesions, such as erosions in the small intestine, can be considered to be in the normal range, and close examination is not required. It is assumed that a follow-up medical examination is required for such asymptomatic persons. The presence of many small ulcerative lesions or an unequivocal ulcer indicates an abnormality for which close examination is desired. However, in many cases, it is sufficient to scrutinize after detecting anemia, but it is difficult to make a judgment due to insufficient reports, and future studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Fujimori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Nippon Medical School, Chiba 270-1694, Japan
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Guo CG, Leung WK. Potential Strategies in the Prevention of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs-Associated Adverse Effects in the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract. Gut Liver 2021; 14:179-189. [PMID: 31547642 PMCID: PMC7096237 DOI: 10.5009/gnl19201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the incidence of lower gastrointestinal (GI) complications is expected to increase. However, unlike upper GI complications, the burden, pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of NSAID-associated lower GI complications remain unclear. To date, no cost-effective and safe protective agent has been developed that can completely prevent or treat NSAID-related lower GI injuries. Selective COX-2 inhibitors, misoprostol, intestinal microbiota modulation, and some mucoprotective agents have been reported to show protective effects on NSAID-induced lower GI injuries. This review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence on the prevention of NSAID-related lower GI injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Guo Guo
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai K Leung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Gibofsky A, Altman R, Daniels S, Imasogie O, Young C. Low-dose SoluMatrix diclofenac : a review of safety across two Phase III studies in patients with acute and osteoarthritis pain. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2015; 14:1327-39. [PMID: 26004029 DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2015.1047760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Similar to other NSAIDs, diclofenac is associated with serious dose-related cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and renal adverse events. Low-dose SoluMatrix diclofenac , containing submicron particles of diclofenac, was developed to provide effective analgesia at lower drug doses compared with currently available NSAIDs. AREAS COVERED The efficacy and safety of low-dose SoluMatrix diclofenac was evaluated in two randomized, placebo-controlled Phase III studies: a study in patients with acute pain following bunionectomy surgery and a study in patients with osteoarthritis pain of the hip or knee. In this review article, we summarize safety data from these studies. EXPERT OPINION The safety results from the Phase III studies indicate that all dosing regimens of low-dose SoluMatrix diclofenac up to 12 weeks are generally well tolerated. Few serious gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, renal, or hepatic adverse events commonly associated with NSAID use were reported in these studies. Although not directly compared, the safety of SoluMatrix diclofenac was similar to findings for other diclofenac drug products. The potential for safe and effective management of acute and chronic pain at reduced NSAID doses is attractive; definitive characterization of SoluMatrix diclofenac safety requires confirmation by long-term studies.
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