1
|
Tu RH, Wu SZ, Huang ZN, Zhong Q, Ye YH, Zheng CH, Xie JW, Wang JB, Lin JX, Chen QY, Huang CM, Lin M, Lu J, Cao LL, Li P. Neurotransmitter Receptor HTR2B Regulates Lipid Metabolism to Inhibit Ferroptosis in Gastric Cancer. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3868-3885. [PMID: 38037454 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Nerves can support tumor development by secreting neurotransmitters that promote cancer cell proliferation and invasion. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a critical neurotransmitter in the gastrointestinal nervous system, and 5-HT signaling has been shown to play a role in tumorigenesis. Here, we found that expression of the 5-HT receptor HTR2B was significantly elevated in human gastric adenocarcinoma tissues compared with nontumor tissues, and high HTR2B expression corresponded to shorter patient survival. Both 5-HT and a specific HTR2B agonist enhanced gastric adenocarcinoma cell viability under metabolic stress, reduced cellular and lipid reactive oxygen species, and suppressed ferroptosis; conversely, HTR2B loss or inhibition with a selective HTR2B antagonist yielded the inverse tumor suppressive effects. In a patient-derived xenograft tumor model, HTR2B-positive tumors displayed accelerated growth, which was inhibited by HTR2B antagonists. Single-cell analysis of human gastric adenocarcinoma tissues revealed enrichment of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and fatty acid metabolism-related gene clusters in cells expressing HTR2B compared with HTR2B-negative cells. Mechanistically, HTR2B cooperated with Fyn to directly regulate p85 activity and trigger the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which led to increased expression of HIF1α and ABCD1 along with decreased levels of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Together, these findings demonstrate that HTR2B activity modulates PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling to stimulate gastric cancer cell survival and indicate that HTR2B expression could be a potential prognostic biomarker in patients with gastric cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Nerve cancer cross-talk mediated by HTR2B inhibits lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in gastric cancer cells and promotes viability under metabolic stress, resulting in increased tumor growth and decreased patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Hong Tu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Ze Wu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ze-Ning Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhong
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yin-Hua Ye
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chao-Hui Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Wei Xie
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Bin Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Qi-Yue Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chang-Ming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mi Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Long-Long Cao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
De Marco K, Sanese P, Simone C, Grossi V. Histone and DNA Methylation as Epigenetic Regulators of DNA Damage Repair in Gastric Cancer and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4976. [PMID: 37894343 PMCID: PMC10605360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), one of the most common malignancies worldwide, is a heterogeneous disease developing from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes. One of the most critical epigenetic alterations in GC is DNA and histone methylation, which affects multiple processes in the cell nucleus, including gene expression and DNA damage repair (DDR). Indeed, the aberrant expression of histone methyltransferases and demethylases influences chromatin accessibility to the DNA repair machinery; moreover, overexpression of DNA methyltransferases results in promoter hypermethylation, which can suppress the transcription of genes involved in DNA repair. Several DDR mechanisms have been recognized so far, with homologous recombination (HR) being the main pathway involved in the repair of double-strand breaks. An increasing number of defective HR genes are emerging in GC, resulting in the identification of important determinants of therapeutic response to DDR inhibitors. This review describes how both histone and DNA methylation affect DDR in the context of GC and discusses how alterations in DDR can help identify new molecular targets to devise more effective therapeutic strategies for GC, with a particular focus on HR-deficient tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia De Marco
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (K.D.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Paola Sanese
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (K.D.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Cristiano Simone
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (K.D.M.); (P.S.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonic Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (K.D.M.); (P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wrede D, Bordak M, Abraham Y, Mehedi M. Pulmonary Pathogen-Induced Epigenetic Modifications. EPIGENOMES 2023; 7:13. [PMID: 37489401 PMCID: PMC10366755 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes7030013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics generally involves genetic control by factors other than our own DNA sequence. Recent research has focused on delineating the mechanisms of two major epigenetic phenomena: DNA methylation and histone modification. As epigenetics involves many cellular processes, it is no surprise that it can also influence disease-associated gene expression. A direct link between respiratory infections, host cell epigenetic regulations, and chronic lung diseases is still unknown. Recent studies have revealed bacterium- or virus-induced epigenetic changes in the host cells. In this review, we focused on respiratory pathogens (viruses, bacteria, and fungi) induced epigenetic modulations (DNA methylation and histone modification) that may contribute to lung disease pathophysiology by promoting host defense or allowing pathogen persistence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Masfique Mehedi
- School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (D.W.); (M.B.); (Y.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li S, Guo Y, Liu X, Chen Y. Helicobacter pylori plus N-Methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine: DNA damage and repair; malignant transformation of human esophageal epithelial cells. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 888:503636. [PMID: 37188438 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), found in pickled foods and in chlorinated water, has been used to induce malignant transformation and gastrointestinal cancer in rats. Helicobacter pylori (HP) is implicated in human gastric cancer and possibly also in esophageal cancer. These two agents - one chemical and the other biological - might act together to induce esophageal cancer. In this study, human esophageal epithelial cells (HEECs) were divided into four groups: HP, MNNG, HP + MNNG, and control. The HP-to-HEEC ratio was 100:1. Cells were exposed for 6 h and then passaged until malignant transformation. HEEC at early, intermediate, and late stages of malignant transformation were used for proliferation, cell-cycle, and invasion assays. The alkaline comet assay was performed and expression of proteins, including γ-H2AX and PAXX, was studied by western blotting, to explore DNA damage and repair processes. Measurements of cell morphology, soft-agar clone formation, and invasiveness, and a nude mouse xenograft model, were used to examine malignancy. The effect of HP was stronger than that of MNNG. The combination HP + MNNG exerted a stronger malignant transformation effect than either HP or MNNG alone. Mechanisms of this combined carcinogenesis may include promotion of cell proliferation, perturbation of the cell cycle, promotion of invasiveness, DNA double-strand break induction, or PAXX inhibition.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen J, Sridharan D, Cross C, Pluth J. Cellular DNA effects of radiation and cancer risk assessment in cells with mitochondrial defects. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
Han T, Jing X, Bao J, Zhao L, Zhang A, Miao R, Guo H, Zhou B, Zhang S, Sun J, Shi J. H. pylori infection alters repair of DNA double-strand breaks via SNHG17. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:3901-3918. [PMID: 32538894 DOI: 10.1172/jci125581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infections can lead to carcinogenesis through inflammation-related mechanisms. Chronic infection of the human gastric mucosa with Helicobacter pylori is a well-known risk factor for gastric cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying H. pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis are incompletely defined. We aimed to screen and clarify the functions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are differentially expressed in H. pylori-related gastric cancer. We found that lncRNA SNHG17 was upregulated by H. pylori infection and markedly increased the levels of double-strand breaks (DSBs). SNHG17 overexpression correlated with poor overall survival in patients with gastric cancer. The recruitment of NONO by overabundant nuclear SNHG17, along with the role of cytoplasmic SNHG17 as a decoy for miR-3909, which regulates Rad51 expression, shifted the DSB repair balance from homologous recombination toward nonhomologous end joining. Notably, during chronic H. pylori infection, SNHG17 knockdown inhibited chromosomal aberrations. Our findings suggest that spatially independent deregulation of the SNHG17/NONO and SNHG17/miR-3909/RING1/Rad51 pathways upon H. pylori infection promotes tumorigenesis in gastric cancer by altering the DNA repair system, which is critical for the maintenance of genomic stability. Upregulation of SNHG17 by H. pylori infection might be an undefined link between cancer and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Jing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Bao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lianmei Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Research Center, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Aidong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Renling Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazeng Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Molecular Mechanisms Contributing Bacterial Infections to the Incidence of Various Types of Cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:4070419. [PMID: 32724295 PMCID: PMC7366195 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4070419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer causes a major health concern worldwide due to high incidence and mortality rates. To accomplish this purpose, the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched using the keywords bacteria and cancer. Most of published research addressed several different factors that induced cancer, such as toxins, medications, smoking, and obesity. Nonetheless, few studies are dealing with cancer induction via bacterial infection. In addition, mechanisms of cancer induction via bacterial infections are not well understood. Therefore, in this review, we will shed light on different bacteria that induced cancer via different molecular mechanisms. Among the bacterial infection that induced cancer, Helicobacter pylori was the first recognized bacteria which caused gastric cancer and might be also linked to extragastric cancer in humans. H. pylori has been associated with adenocarcinoma in the distal stomach by its ability to cause severe inflammations. It has been found that inflammations induced cancer via different mechanisms including induction of cell proliferation and production of high levels of free radicals. Recently, free radicals were found to induce and cause various types of cancer. Salmonella typhi has been found to be associated with gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). Also, intercellular infection of lungs with Chlamydia pneumoniae was found to contribute as one of the ethological factors of lung cancer. Moreover, infection of the urinary tract with Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., and Proteus mirabilis has been found to cause bladder cancer. These microorganisms produce a high level of N-nitrosamines which are metabolically activated leading to the generation of alkylating agents that damage DNA and other macromolecules. It is concluded that a certain bacterium is linked with induction of a specific type of cancer via different molecular and biochemical mechanisms as discussed in the text in details. This infection could potentially affect human health in different ways. In addition, it is important to know the possible factors involved in cancer induction for better treatment of cancer patients.
Collapse
|
8
|
Denzer L, Schroten H, Schwerk C. From Gene to Protein-How Bacterial Virulence Factors Manipulate Host Gene Expression During Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103730. [PMID: 32466312 PMCID: PMC7279228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria evolved many strategies to survive and persist within host cells. Secretion of bacterial effectors enables bacteria not only to enter the host cell but also to manipulate host gene expression to circumvent clearance by the host immune response. Some effectors were also shown to evade the nucleus to manipulate epigenetic processes as well as transcription and mRNA procession and are therefore classified as nucleomodulins. Others were shown to interfere downstream with gene expression at the level of mRNA stability, favoring either mRNA stabilization or mRNA degradation, translation or protein stability, including mechanisms of protein activation and degradation. Finally, manipulation of innate immune signaling and nutrient supply creates a replicative niche that enables bacterial intracellular persistence and survival. In this review, we want to highlight the divergent strategies applied by intracellular bacteria to evade host immune responses through subversion of host gene expression via bacterial effectors. Since these virulence proteins mimic host cell enzymes or own novel enzymatic functions, characterizing their properties could help to understand the complex interactions between host and pathogen during infections. Additionally, these insights could propose potential targets for medical therapy.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kuźmycz O, Stączek P. Prospects of NSAIDs administration as double-edged agents against endometrial cancer and pathological species of the uterine microbiome. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:486-494. [PMID: 32174282 PMCID: PMC7515452 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1736483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many types of cancers, including endometrial cancer, were found to have cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression. Because this enzyme belongs to the group of pro-inflammatory enzymes, so-called NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti–inflammatory drugs) directly inhibit its activity. An increasing number of reports on COX-2 involvement in cancer, as well as on the role of microbiota in abnormal metabolism and signaling of cells, forces the development of new NSAID types. Besides, NSAIDs can affect some bacteria, which are vaginal/endometrial microbiome members. The overgrowth of those species was found to be a major cause of some uterus diseases. Those infections can lead to chronic inflammatory response and suppress anti-tumorigenic cell pathways. The purpose of this review is to highlight the COX-2 enzyme role in endometrial cancer, the potential effect of the endometrial microbiome on COX-2 enzyme overexpression, and the prospects of NSAIDs use in terms of this type of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kuźmycz
- Department of Microbial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology, and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Paweł Stączek
- Department of Microbial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology, and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sokolova O, Naumann M. Crosstalk Between DNA Damage and Inflammation in the Multiple Steps of Gastric Carcinogenesis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:107-137. [PMID: 31123887 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, intensive investigations in molecular biology and cell physiology extended tremendously the knowledge about the association of inflammation and cancer. In frame of this paradigm, the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori triggers gastritis and gastric ulcer disease, and contributes to the development of gastric cancer. Mechanisms, by which the bacteria-induced inflammation in gastric mucosa leads to intestinal metaplasia and carcinoma, are represented in this review. An altered cell-signaling response and increased production of free radicals by epithelial and immune cells account for the accumulation of DNA damage in gastric mucosa, if infection stays untreated. Host genetics and environmental factors, especially diet, can accelerate the process, which offers the opportunity of intervention based on a balanced nutrition. It is supposed that inflammation might influence stem- or progenitor cells in gastric tissue predisposing for metaplasia or tumor relapse. Herein, DNA is strongly mutated and labile, which restricts therapy options. Thus, the understanding of the mechanisms that underlie gastric carcinogenesis will be of preeminent importance for the development of strategies for screening and early detection. As most gastric cancer patients face late-stage disease with a poor overall survival, the development of multi-targeted therapeutic intervention strategies is a major challenge for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sokolova
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lou H, Pan H, Huang Z, Wang Z, Wang D. Inhibition of G9a promoted 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) induced gastric cancer cell apoptosisviaROS/JNK signaling pathwayin vitroandin vivo. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14662-14669. [PMID: 35516300 PMCID: PMC9064134 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10502b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A histone methyltransferase G9a, encoded by euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2), is up-regulated in various cancers, and is involved in their poor prognosis. In the study reported here, the abnormal expression of G9a in gastric cancer it was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the expression of G9a was revealed to have a negative correlation with chemotherapy response in gastric cancer patients. Next, the effect of G9a knockdown on fluorouracil (5-FU) induced cell apoptosis in gastric cancer cells was focused on. The results demonstrated that G9a knockdown significantly activated the expression level of phospho c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) and increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the gastric cancer cells. Inhibition of the ROS/JNK signaling partial reversed the effect of G9a knockdown on 5-FU treated gastric cancer cells. Down-regulation of G9a enhanced the sensitivity of 5-FU to the gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, which was involved in the activation of the ROS/JNK signaling pathway. These results demonstrated that G9a could play a critical role in the sensitivity of chemotherapy for gastric cancer and might be a novel method for treating gastric cancer in the clinic. A histone methyltransferase G9a, encoded by euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2), is up-regulated in various cancers, and is involved in their poor prognosis.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Lou
- Department of Medical Oncology
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery
- Fujian Cancer Hospital
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Zonglin Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Dimin Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Molecular biology as a tool for the treatment of cancer. Clin Exp Med 2018; 18:457-464. [PMID: 30006681 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-018-0518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a genetic disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and metastasis. Cancer can have a number of causes, such the activation of oncogenes, the inactivation of tumor-suppressing genes, mutagenesis provoked by external factors, and epigenetic modifications. The development of diagnostic tools and treatments using a molecular biological approach permits the use of sensitive, low-cost, noninvasive tests for cancer patients. Biomarkers can be used to provide rapid, personalized oncology, in particular the molecular diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia, and gastric, colon, and breast cancers. Molecular tests based on DNA methylation can also be used to direct treatments or evaluate the toxic effects of chemotherapy. The adequate diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of the response of cancer patients to treatment are essential to ensure the most effective therapy, reduce the damaging effects of treatment, and direct the therapy to specific targets, and in this context, molecular biology has become increasingly important in oncology. In this brief review, we will demonstrate the fundamental importance of molecular biology for the treatment of three types of cancer-chronic myeloid leukemia, hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, and astrocytomas (sporadic tumors of the central nervous system). In each of these three models, distinct biological mechanisms are involved in the transformation of the cells, but in all cases, molecular biology is fundamental to the development of personalized analyses for each patient and each type of neoplasia, and to guarantee the success of the treatment.
Collapse
|
13
|
Vaziri F, Tarashi S, Fateh A, Siadat SD. New insights of Helicobacter pylori host-pathogen interactions: The triangle of virulence factors, epigenetic modifications and non-coding RNAs. World J Clin Cases 2018; 6:64-73. [PMID: 29774218 PMCID: PMC5955730 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i5.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a model organism for understanding host-pathogen interactions and infection-mediated carcinogenesis. Gastric cancer and H. pylori colonization indicates the strong correlation. The progression and exacerbation of H. pylori infection are influenced by some factors of pathogen and host. Several virulence factors involved in the proper adherence and attenuation of immune defense to contribute the risk of emerging gastric cancer, therefore analysis of them is very important. H. pylori also modulates inflammatory and autophagy process to intensify its pathogenicity. From the host regard, different genetic factors particularly affect the development of gastric cancer. Indeed, epigenetic modifications, MicroRNA and long non-coding RNA received more attention. Generally, various factors related to pathogen and host that modulate gastric cancer development in response to H. pylori need more attention due to develop an efficacious therapeutic intervention. Therefore, this paper will present a brief overview of host-pathogen interaction especially emphases on bacterial virulence factors, interruption of host cellular signaling, the role of epigenetic modifications and non-coding RNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzam Vaziri
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Samira Tarashi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Horvat A, Zaika AI. How does bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori control responses to cellular stress? Future Microbiol 2017; 12:105-108. [PMID: 28111969 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andela Horvat
- Department of Surgery & Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center & Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alexander I Zaika
- Department of Surgery & Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center & Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mi S, Klungland A, Yang YG. Base-excision repair and beyond --A short summary attributed to scientific achievements of Tomas Lindahl, Nobel Prize Laureate in Chemistry 2015. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 59:89-92. [PMID: 26676642 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4983-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangli Mi
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Arne Klungland
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Diagnostics and Intervention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, NO-0027, Norway. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Yun-Gui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|