1
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Li S, Yin S, Ding H, Shao Y, Zhou S, Pu W, Han L, Wang T, Yu H. Polyphenols as potential metabolism mechanisms regulators in liver protection and liver cancer prevention. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13346. [PMID: 36229407 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer is one of the common malignancies. The dysregulation of metabolism is a driver of accelerated tumourigenesis. Metabolic changes are well documented to maintain tumour growth, proliferation and survival. Recently, a variety of polyphenols have been shown to have a crucial role both in liver disease prevention and metabolism regulation. METHODS We conducted a literature search and combined recent data with systematic analysis to comprehensively describe the molecular mechanisms that link polyphenols to metabolic regulation and their contribution in liver protection and liver cancer prevention. RESULTS Targeting metabolic dysregulation in organisms prevents and resists the development of liver cancer, which has important implications for identifying new therapeutic strategies for the management and treatment of cancer. Polyphenols are a class of complex compounds composed of multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups and are the main active ingredients of many natural plants. They mediate a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological functions containing complex lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, iron metabolism, intestinal flora imbalance, as well as the direct interaction of their metabolites with key cell-signalling proteins. A large number of studies have found that polyphenols affect the metabolism of organisms by interfering with a variety of intracellular signals, thereby protecting the liver and reducing the risk of liver cancer. CONCLUSION This review systematically illustrates that various polyphenols, including resveratrol, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, dihydromyricetin, quercetin, catechins, curcumin, etc., improve metabolic disorders through direct or indirect pathways to protect the liver and fight liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiyue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiling Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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2
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Suhail M, Sohrab SS, Kamal M, Azhar EI. Role of hepatitis c virus in hepatocellular carcinoma and neurological disorders: an overview. Front Oncol 2022; 12:913231. [PMID: 35965577 PMCID: PMC9372299 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.913231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes serious issues, affecting 71 million people globally. The most common manifestations range from chronic hepatitis to liver cirrhosis, leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. Many mechanisms are known to play an important role in HCV-induced HCC. The interaction of viral proteins with host cells results in oxidative stress damage, liver inflammation, and irregularities in signaling pathways. These results in the activation of oncogenes and metabolic disturbances, liver fibrosis, and angiogenesis. Additionally, some non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and toll-like receptors have been identified and play a significant role in HCC development. This virus is also associated with impairment of the central nervous system, resulting in acute or sub-acute encephalopathy and inflammatory disorders. Neurological disorders are associated with the inflammatory responses of many cells, including microglia and astrocytes. Additionally, there are many other extrahepatic manifestations, including neurological disorders such as depression and fatigue, in 50% of infected patients. These manifestations include neuro-invasion, immune-mediated damage, neurotransmitter alterations, sensory-motor polyneuropathy, sensitivity loss, weakness of the leg, and cryoglobulinemia, which significantly results in a reduced quality of life. HCV infection may be improved using an appropriate diagnosis and direct antiviral therapy for sustained virological response. However, the success of therapy depends on the symptoms and organ damage, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies applied. Some published reports have discussed that HCV is associated with both HCC and neurological disorders. Additionally, it has also been observed that individuals with HCC also develop neurological disorders compared with individuals with HCV alone. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest information about the relationship between HCV-induced HCC and their role in neurological disorders. Additionally, we have also discussed the progress made in the diagnosis, physio-pathological mechanisms, and strong antiviral therapies developed for HCV infection and HCC, as well as the latest advancements made in the study of the neurological disorders associated with HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Suhail
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed Sartaj Sohrab
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Sayed Sartaj Sohrab,
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- West China School of Nursing/Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Enzymoics Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
| | - Esam Ibraheem Azhar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Gu CY, Lee TKW. Preclinical mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma: An overview and update. Exp Cell Res 2022; 412:113042. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Hasanin AH, Habib EK, El Gayar N, Matboli M. Promotive action of 2-acetylaminofluorene on hepatic precancerous lesions initiated by diethylnitrosamine in rats: Molecular study. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:328-342. [PMID: 33815676 PMCID: PMC8006078 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i3.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induces hepatic neoplastic lesions over a prolonged period. AIM To investigate the promotive action of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) when combined with DEN in order to develop a rat model for induction of precancerous lesion and investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the activity of 2-AAF. METHODS The pre-precancerous lesions were initiated by intraperitoneal injection of DEN for three weeks consecutively, followed by one intraperitoneal injection of 2-AAF at three different doses (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg). Rats were separated into naïve, DEN, DEN + 100 mg 2-AAF, DEN + 200 mg 2-AAF, and DEN + 300 mg 2-AAF groups. Rats were sacrificed after 10 wk and 16 wk. Liver functions, level of alpha-fetoprotein, glutathione S-transferase-P and proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining of liver tissues were performed. The mRNA level of RAB11A, BAX, p53, and Cyclin E and epigenetic regulation by long-noncoding RNA (lncRNA) RP11-513I15.6, miR-1262 (microRNA), and miR-1298 were assessed in the sera and liver tissues of the rats. RESULTS 2-AAF administration significantly increased the percent area of the precancerous foci and cell proliferation along with a significant decrease in RAB11A, BAX, and p53 mRNA, and the increase in Cyclin E mRNA was associated with a marked decrease in lncRNA RP11-513I15.6 expression with a significant increase in both miR-1262 and miR-1298. CONCLUSION 2-AFF promoted hepatic precancerous lesions initiated through DEN by decreasing autophagy, apoptosis, and tumor suppression genes, along with increased cell proliferation, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These actions were mediated under the epigenetic regulation of lncRNA RP11-513I15.6/miR-1262/miR-1298.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Helmy Hasanin
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11318, Egypt
| | - Eman K Habib
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11318, Egypt
| | - Nesreen El Gayar
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11318, Egypt
| | - Marwa Matboli
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11381, Egypt.
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5
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The Role of Resveratrol in Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Review from In Vitro to Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030933. [PMID: 33805795 PMCID: PMC7999728 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that resveratrol has a lot of therapeutic effects on liver disorders. Its administration can significantly increase the survival rate after liver transplantation, reduce fat deposition and ischemia-induced necrosis and apoptosis in Wistar rats. Resveratrol can provide Liver protection against chemical, cholestatic, and alcohol-mediated damage. It can improve glucose metabolism and lipid profile, reduce liver fibrosis, and steatosis. Additionally, it is capable of altering the fatty acid composition of the liver cells. Resveratrol may be a potential treatment option for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and calorie-restricting effects. There are also studies that have evaluated the effect of resveratrol on lipid and liver enzyme profiles among patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related disorders. Based on the extent of liver disease worldwide and the need to find new treatment possibilities, this review critically examines current in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies and human clinical studies related to liver protection.
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6
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Animal Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Role of Immune System and Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101487. [PMID: 31581753 PMCID: PMC6826986 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer in adults and has one of the highest mortality rates of solid cancers. Ninety percent of HCCs are associated with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis developed from chronic liver injuries. The immune system of the liver contributes to the severity of the necrotic-inflammatory tissue damage, the establishment of fibrosis and cirrhosis, and the disease progression towards HCC. Immunotherapies have emerged as an exciting strategy for HCC treatment, but their effect is limited, and an extensive translation research is urgently needed to enhance anti-tumor efficacy and clinical success. Establishing HCC animal models that are analogous to human disease settings, i.e., mimicking the tumor microenvironment of HCC, is extremely challenging. Hence, this review discusses different animal models of HCC by summarizing their advantages and their limits with a specific focus on the role of the immune system and tumor microenvironment.
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7
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Xue S, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Xiang Z, Liu Y, Miao T, Liu G, Liu B, Liu X, Shen L, Zhang Z, Li M, Miao Q. Anemoside B4 exerts anti-cancer effect by inducing apoptosis and autophagy through inhibiton of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:2580-2589. [PMID: 31105864 PMCID: PMC6511782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and novel therapeutic approaches are urgently required. Anemoside B4 (AB4) is a compound extracted from Pulsatilla chinensis (P. chinensis). Previous studies have indicated that P. chinensis extract P. chinensis saponins has anti-cancer activity. However, the pharmacological effect of AB4 in cancer is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer efficacy of AB4 in HCC. We used CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay to evaluate the cytotoxicity of AB4 and found that this agent markedly inhibited SMMC7721 cell proliferation. By using a panel of morphological and molecular experiments, we reported that AB4 induced HCC SMMC7721 cell apoptosis and autophagy. Notably, AB4 treatment acts on the Bcl-2-caspase-3 pathway and Beclin-1-LC3-p62 pathway, thereby regulates both apoptosis and autophagy. Finally, we showed that AB4-induced apoptosis and autophagy converges at the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. AB4 treatment inhibits this signaling transduction pathway and leads to HCC cell death. Collectively, our study highlighted the anti-cancer efficacy of AB4 and suggested that AB4 might be a novel way to treat HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical College of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266021, Shandong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital 971 of The Navy of Chinese PLAQingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital 971 of The Navy of Chinese PLAQingdao 266071, Shandong, China
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Hospital 971 of The Navy of Chinese PLAQingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Zhuo Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital 971 of The Navy of Chinese PLAQingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital 971 of The Navy of Chinese PLAQingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Miao
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Guoxin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital 971 of The Navy of Chinese PLAQingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Bangguo Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital 971 of The Navy of Chinese PLAQingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital 971 of The Navy of Chinese PLAQingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Lixia Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital 971 of The Navy of Chinese PLAQingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital 971 of The Navy of Chinese PLAQingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Mingchun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital 971 of The Navy of Chinese PLAQingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital 971 of The Navy of Chinese PLAQingdao 266071, Shandong, China
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8
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Wang L, Zhu Z, Han L, Zhao L, Weng J, Yang H, Wu S, Chen K, Wu L, Chen T. A curcumin derivative, WZ35, suppresses hepatocellular cancer cell growthviadownregulating YAP-mediated autophagy. Food Funct 2019; 10:3748-3757. [PMID: 31172987 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02448k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
HCC is a common cancer type in the world. Here, we found WZ35, a novel derivative of curcumin, could notably suppress HCC cell growthviainhibiting YAP controlled autophagy, highlighting the potent anti-tumor activity of WZ35 in liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry
- Eye Hospital
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325000
- China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Laboratory Animal Centre
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
| | - Lei Han
- Laboratory Animal Centre
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
| | - Liqian Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Centre
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
| | - Jialei Weng
- Laboratory Animal Centre
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
| | - Hongbao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325000
- China
| | - Shijia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325000
- China
| | - Kaiyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325000
- China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Pathology
- First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325000
- China
| | - Tongke Chen
- Laboratory Animal Centre
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
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Liang Y, Zhang T, Shi M, Zhang S, Guo Y, Gao J, Yang X. Low expression of NCOA5 predicts poor prognosis in human cervical cancer and promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical cancer cell lines by regulating notch3 signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:6237-6249. [PMID: 30335900 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor coactivator 5 (NCOA5) specifically enhances estrogen receptor α-modulated transcriptional activity. As a novel tumor suppressor, depletion of NCOA5 is associated with the development of a variety of tumors, but its function in cervical cancer is currently unclear. In this study, we addressed how expression of NCOA5 changed in the development of human cervical cancer and its association with clinicopathological features, prognosis, and biology characteristics of cervical cancer. Analysis of the microarrays in the Oncomine database indicated that NCOA5 expression was lower in human cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues than that in normal cervical tissues. That was corroborated by our experiments using fresh tissues: the expression levels of NCOA5 messenger RNA and protein were both significantly decreased in cervical cancer tissues compared with paired adjacent nontumor tissues (P < 0.01). Low expression of NCOA5 is associated with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage ( P = 0.043) and histological grade ( P = 0.018) of human cervical cancer. In addition, patients possessing low NCOA5 expression had poorer prognosis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that low NCOA5 expression may be an independent prognostic factor for poorer overall survival in cervical cancer. Further, downregulation of NCOA5 expression results in a significant increase in proliferation, migration, and invasion of HeLa cells. Data of xenograft tumor on BALB/c nude mice manifested that HeLa cells with low NCOA5 expression tend to form larger tumors than negative control ones. In contrast, overexpression of NCOA5 expression leads to the opposite results. Finally, we found that NCOA5 might affect the biological function of human cervical cancer cells by mediating the notch3 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that NCOA5 acts as a tumor suppressor to inhibit tumorigenicity, migration, and invasion, and thus represents a potential novel prognostic marker for overall survival in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianli Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengdie Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaxing Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jiwei Gao
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xingsheng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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10
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Comprehensive anti-tumor effect of Brusatol through inhibition of cell viability and promotion of apoptosis caused by autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:962-973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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11
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Lee SWL, Adriani G, Ceccarello E, Pavesi A, Tan AT, Bertoletti A, Kamm RD, Wong SC. Characterizing the Role of Monocytes in T Cell Cancer Immunotherapy Using a 3D Microfluidic Model. Front Immunol 2018; 9:416. [PMID: 29559973 PMCID: PMC5845585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma tumor microenvironment (TME), monocytes reportedly impede natural T cell functions via PD-L1/PD-1 signaling. However, it remains unclear if T cell receptor-redirected T cells (TCR T cells) are similarly inhibited. Hence, we developed a 3D intrahepatic TME microfluidic model to investigate the immunosuppressive potential of monocytes toward HBV-specific TCR T cells and the role of PD-L1/PD-1 signaling. Interestingly, in our 3D static microfluidic model, we observed that monocytes suppressed only retrovirally transduced (Tdx) TCR T cell cytotoxicity toward cancer cells via PD-L1/PD-1, while mRNA electroporated (EP) TCR T cell cytotoxicity was not affected by the presence of monocytes. Importantly, when co-cultured in 2D, both Tdx and EP TCR T cell cytotoxicity toward cancer cells were not suppressed by monocytes, suggesting our 3D model as a superior tool compared to standard 2D assays for predicting TCR T cell efficacy in a preclinical setting, which can thus be used to improve current immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Wei Ling Lee
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giulia Adriani
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erica Ceccarello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Pavesi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony Tanoto Tan
- Programme of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonio Bertoletti
- Programme of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Dale Kamm
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Siew Cheng Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Lee SWL, Adriani G, Ceccarello E, Pavesi A, Tan AT, Bertoletti A, Kamm RD, Wong SC. Characterizing the Role of Monocytes in T Cell Cancer Immunotherapy Using a 3D Microfluidic Model. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29559973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00416/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma tumor microenvironment (TME), monocytes reportedly impede natural T cell functions via PD-L1/PD-1 signaling. However, it remains unclear if T cell receptor-redirected T cells (TCR T cells) are similarly inhibited. Hence, we developed a 3D intrahepatic TME microfluidic model to investigate the immunosuppressive potential of monocytes toward HBV-specific TCR T cells and the role of PD-L1/PD-1 signaling. Interestingly, in our 3D static microfluidic model, we observed that monocytes suppressed only retrovirally transduced (Tdx) TCR T cell cytotoxicity toward cancer cells via PD-L1/PD-1, while mRNA electroporated (EP) TCR T cell cytotoxicity was not affected by the presence of monocytes. Importantly, when co-cultured in 2D, both Tdx and EP TCR T cell cytotoxicity toward cancer cells were not suppressed by monocytes, suggesting our 3D model as a superior tool compared to standard 2D assays for predicting TCR T cell efficacy in a preclinical setting, which can thus be used to improve current immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Wei Ling Lee
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giulia Adriani
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erica Ceccarello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Pavesi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony Tanoto Tan
- Programme of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonio Bertoletti
- Programme of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Dale Kamm
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Siew Cheng Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Tang Q, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Lin SY, Zhu Y, Yang X, Guo AY. Gene expression, regulation of DEN and HBx induced HCC mice models and comparisons of tumor, para-tumor and normal tissues. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:862. [PMID: 29254483 PMCID: PMC5735680 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Chemical and virus induction are two major risk factors, however, the potential molecular mechanisms of their differences remain elusive. In this study, to identify the similarities and differences between chemical and virus induced HCC models, we compared the gene expression profiles between DEN and HBx mice models, as well as the differences among tumor, para-tumor and normal tissues. METHODS We sequenced both gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression for HCC tumor tissues, para-tumor and normal liver tissues from DEN model mice (30-week-old) and downloaded the corresponding microarray expression data of HBx model from GEO database. Then differentially expressed genes (DEGs), miRNAs and transcription factors (TFs) were detected by R packages and performed functional enrichment analysis. To explore the gene regulatory network in HCC models, miRNA and TF regulatory networks were constructed by target prediction. RESULTS For model comparison, although DEGs between tumor and normal tissues in DEN and HBx models only had a small part of overlapping, they shared common pathways including lipid metabolism, oxidation-reduction process and immune process. For tissue comparisons in each model, genes in oxidation-reduction process were down-regulated in tumor tissues and genes in inflammatory response showed the highest expression level in para-tumor tissues. Genes highly expressed in both tumor and para-tumor tissues in two models mainly participated in immune and inflammatory response. Genes expressed in HBx model were also involved in cell proliferation and cell migration etc. Network analysis revealed that several miRNAs such as miR-381-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-214-3p and TFs such as Egr1, Atf3 and Klf4 were the core regulators in HCC. CONCLUSIONS Through the comparative analyses, we found that para-tumor tissue is a highly inflammatory tissue while the tumor tissue is specific with both inflammatory and cancer signaling pathways. The DEN and HBx mice models have different gene expression pattern but shared pathways. This work will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying different HCC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Sheng-Yan Lin
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yanhong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - An-Yuan Guo
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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14
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CISD2 Haploinsufficiency Disrupts Calcium Homeostasis, Causes Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, and Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cell Rep 2017; 21:2198-2211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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15
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In vivo inhibitory activity of andrographolide derivative ADN-9 against liver cancer and its mechanisms involved in inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 327:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Shen T, Wu WM, Du WH, Wang L, He LG, Tan L, Wang Z, Chen R, Hu M, Ren YP. Positive association between serum apolipoprotein M levels and hepatitis B virus DNA load in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:210. [PMID: 27927202 PMCID: PMC5142335 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis virus B (HBV) has infected millions of people worldwide. Notably, such infections can be associated with hepatic complications. Levels of apolipoprotein M (apoM), a component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), are known to be significantly elevated in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between HBV DNA load in serum and serum apoM levels in patients with CHB. METHODS A total of 73 HBeAg-negative CHB patients, 50 HBeAg-positive CHB patients, and 79 non-CHB controls were included in the study cohort. The age and body mass index (BMI) of the study participants were matched. Serum levels of apoM and the HBV antigens HBsAg and HBeAg were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG) were assessed using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Serum HBV DNA levels were quantified by real-time PCR analysis. Data were analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multivariate linear regression model (continuous variables), or Student's t-test (mean differences). RESULTS Both the HBeAg-negative CHB and HBeAg-positive CHB patient groups exhibited elevated serum levels of apoM. Moreover, serum apoM levels were positively correlated with serum HBV DNA levels in HBeAg-negative CHB patients (r = 0.394, p < 0.001). Conversely, there was no significant relationship between apoM and HBV DNA levels in the HBeAg-positive CHB group (r = 0.197, p = 0.170). The median log copies/mL value for HBV DNA (4.00) was considered the cutoff point for the HBeAg-negative CHB group. Notably, a significant number of patients with HBV DNA levels above the cutoff point also had higher serum apoM levels (63.38 ± 29.84 vs. 41.41 ± 21.84; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that the correlation between serum apoM levels and viral loads may depend on HBeAg status, as serum apoM levels were positively correlated with HBV DNA levels in HBeAg-negative CHB patients. These results suggest that HBeAg may play a role in apoM-related lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory functions in hepatitis B patients. Thus, our findings may facilitate the clinical management of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Min Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen Han Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - La Gu He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - ZeYou Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ruohong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Ya Ping Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China.
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17
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Lin YH, Hung SK, Chiou WY, Lee MS, Shen MD BJ, Chen LC, Liu DW, Tsai WT, Lin PH, Shih YT, Hsu FC, Tsai SJ, Chan MW, Lin HY. Significant symptoms alleviation and tumor volume reduction after combined simultaneously integrated inner-escalated boost and volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy in a patient with unresectable bulky hepatocellular carcinoma: A care-compliant case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4717. [PMID: 27559982 PMCID: PMC5400349 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically, elderly patients with unresectable bulky hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are difficult to manage, especially in those with co-infections of hepatitis B and C virus. Herein, we reported such a case treated with radiotherapy (RT) by using combined simultaneously integrated inner-escalated boost and volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy (SIEB-VMAT). After RT, significant symptoms alleviation and durable tumor control were observed. CASE SUMMARY At presentation, an 85-year-old male patient complained abdominal distention/pain, poor appetite, and swelling over bilateral lower limbs for 1 month. On physical examination, a jaundice pattern was noted. Laboratory studies showed impaired liver and renal function. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a 12.5-cm bulky tumor over the caudate lobe of the liver. Biopsy was done, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was reported histopathologically. As a result, AJCC stage IIIA (cT3aN0M0) and BCLC stage C were classified. Surgery, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), trans-catheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), and sorafenib were not recommended because of his old age, central bulky tumor, and a bleeding tendency. Thus, RT with SIEB-VMAT technique was given alternatively. RT was delivered in 26 fractions, with dose gradience as follows: 39 Gy on the outer Plan Target Volume (PTV), 52 Gy in the middle PTV, and 57.2 Gy in the inner PTV. Unexpectedly, cyproheptadine (a newly recognized potential anti-HCC agent) was retrospectively found to be prescribed for alleviating skin itching and allergic rhinitis since the last 2 weeks of the RT course (2 mg by mouth Q12h for 24 months).After RT, significant symptoms alleviation and tumor volume reduction were observed for 32 months till multiple bone metastases. Before and after RT, a large tumor volume reduction rate of 88.7% was observed (from 608.4 c.c. to 68.7 c.c.). No severe treatment toxicity was noted during and after RT. The patient died due to aspiration pneumonia with septic shock at 4 months after bone metastases identified. CONCLUSIONS SIEB-VMAT physically demonstrated double benefits of intratumor dose escalation and extra-tumor dose attenuation. Significant tumor regression and symptoms alleviation were observed in this elderly patient with unresectable bulky HCC. Further prospective randomized trials are encouraged to demarcate effective size of SIEB-VMAT with or without cyproheptadine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation
| | - Shih-Kai Hung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - Wen-Yen Chiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - Moon-Sing Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - Bing-Jie Shen MD
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - Liang-Cheng Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - Dai-Wei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - Wei-Ta Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung
| | - Po-Hao Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation
| | - Yi-Ting Shih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation
| | - Feng-Chun Hsu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation
| | - Shiang-Jiun Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation
| | - Michael W.Y. Chan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Life Science
- Human Epigenomics Center
- National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hon-Yi Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Life Science
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18
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Chung YL, Wu ML. Dual oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles of the promyelocytic leukemia gene in hepatocarcinogenesis associated with hepatitis B virus surface antigen. Oncotarget 2016; 7:28393-407. [PMID: 27058621 PMCID: PMC5053734 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome-mediated degradation of promyelocytic leukemia tumor suppressor (PML) is upregulated in many viral infections and cancers. We previously showed that PML knockdown promotes early-onset hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)-transgenic mice. Here we report the effects of PML restoration on late-onset HBsAg-induced HCC. We compared protein expression patterns, genetic mutations and the effects of pharmacologically targeting PML in wild-type, PML-/-, PML+/+HBsAgtg/o and PML-/-HBsAgtg/o mice. PML-/- mice exhibited somatic mutations in DNA repair genes and developed severe steatosis and proliferative disorders, but not HCC. PML-/-HBsAgtg/o mice exhibited early mutations in cancer driver genes and developed hyperplasia, fatty livers and indolent adipose-like HCC. In PML+/+HBsAg-transgenic mice, HBsAg expression declined over time, and HBsAg-associated PML suppression was concomitantly relieved. Nevertheless, these mice accumulated mutations in genes contributing to oxidative stress pathways and developed aggressive late-onset angiogenic trabecular HCC. PML inhibition using non-toxic doses of arsenic trioxide selectively killed long-term HBsAg-affected liver cells in PML+/+HBsAgtg/o mice with falling HBsAg and rising PML levels, but not normal liver cells or early-onset HCC cells in PML-/-HBsAgtg/0 mice. These findings suggest dual roles for PML as a tumor-suppressor lost in early-onset HBsAg-induced hepatocarcinogenesis and as an oncogenic promoter in late-onset HBsAg-related HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Lin Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koo Foundation Sun-Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Koo Foundation Sun-Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Wang Y, Hao J, Liu X, Wang H, Zeng X, Yang J, Li L, Kuang X, Zhang T. The mechanism of apoliprotein A1 down-regulated by Hepatitis B virus. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:64. [PMID: 27015844 PMCID: PMC4807537 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection correlated with the development of cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), poses a huge health burden on the global community. However, the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains unclear. Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) mainly secreted by hepatocytes, represents the major protein component of high-density lipoprotein. ApoA1 secretion may be disrupted by HBV infection. In this study, we mainly investigated the molecular mechanism of ApoA1 down regulated by HBV for revealing the pathogenesis of CHB. Methods ApoA1 expression in livers of CHB patients as well as healthy controls were performed by Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot. The serum ApoA1 levels were measured by Enzymed-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expression of ApoA1 mRNA and protein levels were performed by RT-PCR and Western blot in human hepatoma HepG2 cells and subline HepG2.2.15 cells. HBV expression construct, pHBV1.3 were transfected into HepG2, the changes of ApoA1 mRNA and protein expression were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. To further study the mechanism of ApoA1 down regulation by HBV, 11 CpG islands in ApoA1 promotor were tested for DNA methylation status by MSP. HepG2.2.15 cell lines were treated with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), then, expression of ApoA1 mRNA and HBV particles in the supernatant, as well as ApoA1 protein levels were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg in HepG2 cells cotransfected with pApoA1 and pHBV1.3 constructs was tested by ELISA. Meanwhile, secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg in the supernatant were quantified by ELISA in the HepG2.2.15 cells treated with 5-aza-dC plus ApoA1 siRNA. Results Expression of ApoA1 mRNA and protein levels, as well as serum ApoA1 levels in CHB patients were decreased corresponding healthy controls in vivo. In addition, the expression of ApoA1 mRNA and protein levels were down regulated in HepG2.2.15 cells correponding HepG2 cells, 11 CpG islands in ApoA1 promoter were tested for methylation status by MSP in HepG2.2.15 cells compared to HepG2 cells, while two CpG islands were found hypermethylated. Expression of ApoA1 mRNA and protein levels were increased in HepG2.2.15 cells treated with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-dC. Furthermore, overexpression of ApoA1 can enhance HBV expression in HepG2 cells while the inhibitory effect of 5-aza-dC on HBV expression was completely abolished by blocking 5-aza-dC-induced up-regulation of ApoA1 using RNAi. Conclusions Epigenetic silencing of ApoA1 gene expression by CpG island DNA hypermethylation induced by HBV may contribute to the pathogenesis of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan, 610500, China
| | - Junli Hao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan, 610500, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan, 610500, China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan, 610500, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan, 610500, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan, 610500, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan, 610500, China
| | - Xi Kuang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan, 610500, China.
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