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Liu W, Jin W, Wilde PJ, Jin Y, Pan Y, Han J. Understanding the mechanism of high viscosity food delaying gastric emptying. Food Funct 2024; 15:5382-5396. [PMID: 38639045 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00319e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the structure and viscosity of food can influence the development of diet-related diseases. Food viscosity has been linked with health through its impact on human digestion and gastrointestinal transit, however, there is limited understanding of how the viscosity of food regulates gastric emptying. Here, we used model food preparations with different viscosities using guar gum, to explore the mechanism underlying the influence of viscosity on gastric motility, gastric emptying and postprandial blood glucose. Based on experiments in human volunteers and animals, we demonstrated that high viscosity meals increased gastric antrum area and gastric retention rate. Viscosity also affected gut hormone secretion, reduced the gene expression level of interstitial cells of Cajal, resulting in a delay of gastric emptying and limiting the increase in postprandial glucose. This improved mechanistic understanding of food viscosity during gastric digestion is important for designing new foods to benefit human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Liu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Weiping Jin
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Peter J Wilde
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Yangyi Jin
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Yujie Pan
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jianzhong Han
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Xiang C, Sun Y, Luo Y, Xie C, Huang W, Sun Z, Jones KL, Horowitz M, Rayner CK, Ma J, Wu T. Gastric emptying of a glucose drink is predictive of the glycaemic response to oral glucose and mixed meals, but unrelated to antecedent glycaemic control, in type 2 diabetes. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:13. [PMID: 38589353 PMCID: PMC11001856 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric emptying (GE), with wide inter-individual but lesser intra-individual variations, is a major determinant of postprandial glycaemia in health and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, it is uncertain whether GE of a carbohydrate-containing liquid meal is predictive of the glycaemic response to physiological meals, and whether antecedent hyperglycaemia influences GE in T2D. We evaluated the relationships of (i) the glycaemic response to both a glucose drink and mixed meals with GE of a 75 g glucose drink, and (ii) GE of a glucose drink with antecedent glycaemic control, in T2D. METHODS Fifty-five treatment-naive Chinese adults with newly diagnosed T2D consumed standardised meals at breakfast, lunch and dinner with continuous interstitial glucose monitoring. On the subsequent day, a 75 g glucose drink containing 150 mg 13C-acetate was ingested to assess GE (breath test) and plasma glucose response. Serum fructosamine and HbA1c were also measured. RESULTS Plasma glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC) within 2 hours after oral glucose was related inversely to the gastric half-emptying time (T50) (r = -0.34, P = 0.012). The iAUCs for interstitial glucose within 2 hours after breakfast (r = -0.34, P = 0.012) and dinner (r = -0.28, P = 0.040) were also related inversely to the T50 of oral glucose. The latter, however, was unrelated to antecedent fasting plasma glucose, 24-hour mean interstitial glucose, serum fructosamine, or HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS In newly diagnosed, treatment-naive, Chinese with T2D, GE of a 75 g glucose drink predicts the glycaemic response to both a glucose drink and mixed meals, but is not influenced by spontaneous short-, medium- or longer-term elevation in glycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Xiang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Yixuan Sun
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Cong Xie
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Weikun Huang
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Zilin Sun
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Karen L Jones
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Michael Horowitz
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Christopher K Rayner
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Jianhua Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Tongzhi Wu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000, Australia.
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Zheng X, Zhang Y, Tan Y, Li Y, Xue Q, Li H, Zhang X, Pan Y, Xu J, Zhang J. Alpinia officinarum Hance extract ameliorates diabetic gastroparesis by regulating SCF/c-kit signaling pathway and rebalancing gut microbiota. Fitoterapia 2024; 172:105730. [PMID: 37939738 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Alpinia officinarum Hance (AOH) is one of the most commonly used both as a food and folk medicines, which is rich in diarylheptanoids and flavonoids. The gastroprotection and hypoglycemic effect make AOH has great potential in developing of anti-DGP complementary medicine. However, the molecular mechanisms of AOH that act against DGP are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects, the potential molecular mechanism, and the changes of gut microbiota of AOH in DGP. The 5 components of the AOH were analyzed, and the potential signaling pathway of AOH improving DGP was predicted by molecular docking. Subsequently, DGP rat model was constructed using high-fat-irregular-diet, AOH intervention significantly reduced blood glucose levels, increased gastrointestinal propulsion rate, and improved gastric histological morphology in DGP rats. Meanwhile, AOH has been shown to regulate the SCF/c-kit signaling pathway and rebalance the gut microbiota, which may be closely related to its role in improving DGP. Taken together, AOH may play a protective role on DGP through multiple mechanisms, which might pave the road for development and utilization of AOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R & D on Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hepatobiliary and Liver transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R & D on Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hepatobiliary and Liver transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Yinfeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R & D on Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hepatobiliary and Liver transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R & D on Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hepatobiliary and Liver transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Qianrong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R & D on Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hepatobiliary and Liver transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Hailong Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R & D on Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hepatobiliary and Liver transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R & D on Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hepatobiliary and Liver transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Yipeng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R & D on Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hepatobiliary and Liver transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R & D on Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hepatobiliary and Liver transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China.
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R & D on Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hepatobiliary and Liver transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China.
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Futagami S, Agawa S, Nakamura K, Watanabe Y, Habiro M, Kawawa R, Yamawaki H, Tsushima R, Kirita K, Akimoto T, Ueki N, Tomohide T, Itokawa N, Suzuki N, Naito Y, Takeuchi K, Kashiro A, Ohta R, Mizutani S, Taniai N, Yoshida H, Iwakiri K, Honda K. Apolipoprotein A2 isoforms associated with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in early chronic pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:1949-1957. [PMID: 37501507 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Apolipoprotein A2 (apoA2) isoforms have been reported to undergo the aberrant processing in pancreatic cancer and pancreatic risk populations compared with that in healthy subjects. This study aimed to clarify whether apoA2 isoforms were as useful as N-benzoyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (BT-PABA) test for exocrine pancreatic dysfunction markers in patients with early chronic pancreatitis (ECP). METHODS Fifty consecutive patients with functional dyspepsia with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities (FD-P) (n = 18), with ECP (n = 20), and asymptomatic patients with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities (AP-P) (n = 12) based on the Rome IV classification and the Japan Pancreatic Association were enrolled in this study. The enrolled patients were evaluated using endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic ultrasonography elastography. Five pancreatic enzymes were estimated. Pancreatic exocrine function was analyzed using the BT-PABA test. Lighter and heavier apoA2 isoforms, AT and ATQ levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. RESULTS There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics such as age, gender, body mass index, alcohol consumption and smoking among patients with AP-P, FD-P, and ECP. The BT-PABA test and lighter apoA2 isoform, AT level in the enrolled patients had a significant correlation (P < 0.01). The BT-PABA test in patients with ECP was significantly lower (P = 0.04) than that in AP-P. ApoA2-AT level in patients with ECP was lower than that in AP-P, albeit, insignificantly. Interestingly, apo A2-AT level was significantly (P = 0.041) associated with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency by multiple logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS ApoA2-AT level is a useful tool to evaluate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in the early stage of chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Futagami
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Agawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Mayu Habiro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Kawawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamawaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rina Tsushima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kirita
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Akimoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobue Ueki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tanabe Tomohide
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Itokawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nami Suzuki
- Department of Bioregulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Naito
- Department of Bioregulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Takeuchi
- Department of Bioregulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kashiro
- Department of Bioregulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryu Ohta
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mizutani
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Taniai
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazufumi Honda
- Department of Bioregulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Li T, Yu M, Han L, Feng B, Sun F. An overview of systematic reviews of acupuncture for diabetic gastroparesis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1196357. [PMID: 37583426 PMCID: PMC10424791 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1196357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To date, several systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses (SRs/MAs) on the topic of acupuncture as a treatment for diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) have been published. However, whether acupuncture is an effective and safe treatment for DGP remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the methodology and results of previously published SRs/MAs of acupuncture as a treatment for DGP were of sufficient quality to be considered reliable. Methods We extensively searched seven databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge, Wan Fang, and Chongqing VIP, for SRs/MAs published before or on September 16, 2022. The SRs/MAs that met the inclusion criteria were evaluated for the quality of the methodology and results using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews Two (AMSTAR-2) and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tools. A re-meta-analysis of primary outcome indicators was also performed. Results Ten SRs/MAs that met the inclusion criteria were obtained. Using the AMSTAR-2, which is a methodological quality assessment tool, two MAs were rated as low quality, and eight SRs/MAs were rated as extremely low quality. Assessment with the GRADE tool revealed that, among 20 results, 4 were of moderate quality, 10 were of low quality, and 6 were of very low quality. Re-meta-analysis of primary outcome indicators revealed that, in terms of total efficiency, all types of acupuncture interventions, such as acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and acupoint injection, performed better than the controls, such as gastroprokinetic agents and sham acupuncture. Moreover, in the treatment of DGP, acupuncture exhibited fewer side effects compared to the controls. Conclusion Acupuncture appears to improve the symptoms of patients with DGP, and the side effects of acupuncture as a treatment for DGP are inferior to those of the controls. However, owing to the low quality of the methodology and results of the SRs/MAs, these findings cannot be considered reliable and need to be validated by additional studies with rigorous standards of experimental design and protocols and larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- The First Clinical School of Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Mingchen Yu
- Rizhao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Lulu Han
- The Fifth People’s Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fenglei Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Hou C, Liang H, Hao Z, Zhao D. Berberine ameliorates the neurological dysfunction of the gastric fundus by promoting calcium channels dependent release of ACh in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:433-443. [PMID: 37026044 PMCID: PMC10071329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported diabetic gastroparesis is related to diabetic autonomic neuropathy of the gastrointestinal tract, and berberine (BBR) could ameliorate diabetic central and peripheral neuropathy. However, the influence of BBR on the function and motility of the gastric fundus nerve is unclear. Methods A diabetic rat model was constructed, and HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes in the gastric fundus. The changes in cholinergic and nitrogen-related neurochemical indexes and the effects of BBR on them were measured using Elisa. The effects of BBR on the neural function and motility of gastric fundus were investigated by electric field stimulation (EFS) induced neurogenic response in vitro. Results In the early stage of STZ-induced diabetic rats, the contractile response of gastric fundus induced by EFS was disorder, disturbance of contraction amplitude, and the cell bodies of neurons in the myenteric plexus of gastric fundus presented vacuolar lesions. Administration with BBR could improve the above symptoms. BBR further enhanced the contraction response in the presence of a NOS inhibitor or the case of inhibitory neurotransmitters removal. Interestingly, the activity of ACh could affect NO release directly and the enhancement of BBR on contractile response was canceled by calcium channel blockers completely. Conclusions In the early stage of STZ-induced diabetic rats, the neurogenic contractile response disorder of the gastric fundus is mainly related to cholinergic and nitrergic nerve dysfunction. BBR promotes the release of ACh mainly by affecting the calcium channel to improve the neurological dysfunction of the gastric fundus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Hongyu Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
- Beijing Shouyi Group Co., Ltd. Mine Hospital, Tangshan 064400, PR China
| | - Zhangsen Hao
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Ding Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
- Corresponding author at: Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
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Agawa S, Futagami S, Yamawaki H, Tsushima R, Higuchi K, Habiro M, Kawawa R, Kodaka Y, Ueki N, Watanabe Y, Gudis K, Ohashi R, Iwakiri K. Trypsin may be associated with duodenal eosinophils through the expression of PAR2 in early chronic pancreatitis and functional dyspepsia with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275341. [PMID: 36264979 PMCID: PMC9584419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early chronic pancreatitis (ECP) has been reported to advance into chronic pancreatitis, it may be critical to differentiate the pathophysiology of ECP and functional dyspepsia (FD) in patients with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities (FD-P). This study aimed to clarify differences in the pathophysiology of ECP and FD-P and to determine whether duodenal inflammatory responses in the two diseases were associated with protease-activated receptor (PAR) 2, as the trypsin receptor. METHODS Eighty patients who presented with FD-P and ECP were enrolled. In duodenal specimens, PAR2 mRNA levels were determined using real-time PCR. Using immunostaining, CD68-, GLP-1-, PRG2-, and CCR2-positive cells, tight junction proteins, and PAR 2 were evaluated. RESULTS There were no significant differences in clinical symptoms and gastric motility between ECP and FD-P patients. The CD68-positive cells infiltrations and occludin expression levels in the duodenal mucosa of patients with FD-P were significantly (p<0.001 and p = 0.048, respectively) lower than those in patients with ECP. Although serum trypsin levels in ECP and FD-P patents were significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively) associated with duodenal eosinophils counts, elevated trypsin levels were not significantly associated with degranulated eosinophils, occludin, claudin-1 and ZO-1 expression levels in the duodenum of either group. PAR2 mRNA levels were increased in the duodenum of patients with ECP and FD-P. PAR2 was localized in the epithelial cells of the duodenal mucosa and the surface of degranulated eosinophils in ECP and FD-P patients. CONCLUSIONS Elevated trypsin levels might be partly associated with duodenal inflammatory responses through PAR2-related degranulated eosinophils and the reduction of occludin in patients with ECP and FD-P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Agawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Futagami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroshi Yamawaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rina Tsushima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Mayu Habiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Kawawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobue Ueki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Rinko General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Katya Gudis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rhuji Ohashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Futagami S, Kessoku T, Kasai Y, Higurashi T, Nakajima A, Agawa S, Yamawaki H, Habiro M, Ueki N, Sanada I, Yamamoto M, Watanabe Y, Yamato H, Yamamoto T, Takasaki Y, Ito K, Hojo M, Isayama H, Siah KTH, Gwee KA. Comparison of clinical characteristics, eating behaviors, and clinical symptoms following fat intake in functional dyspepsia with functional dyspepsia with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities between Singapore and Japan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1525-1533. [PMID: 35501294 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM To clarify whether there were any significant differences in clinical symptoms and eating patterns between functional dyspepsia (FD) patients and FD with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities (FD-P) patients as refractory FD, we compared these factors in multicenter studies in Singapore and Japan. METHODS One hundred ninety-eight consecutive patients presenting with FD (n = 88), FD-P patients (n = 81) based on Rome III classification and controlled group (n = 39) recruited from six institutions in Singapore and Japan. Clinical characteristics, clinical symptoms for dietary fat intake, and eating behaviors were estimated using questionnaires. Anxiety and health-related quality of life were determined by STAI-state/-trait and SF-8, respectively. RESULTS There were no significant differences in age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, past medical history, and history of allergy in FD and FD-P patients between Singapore and Japan. There were no significant differences in FD subtypes, gastrointestinal symptom rating scale score, severity of FD symptoms, and eating pattern in Singapore and Japan. Moreover, there were significant differences in certain eating behaviors between FD and FD-P patients in Singapore and Japan. Interestingly, epigastric pain and early satiety following fat meals in FD-P patients were significantly (P = 0.003 and P = 0.008, respectively) higher compared with those in FD patients in Japan. Physical component score in FD-P patients was significantly (P = 0.019) disturbed compared with those in FD patients in Japan. CONCLUSIONS Epigastric pain and early satiety following fat meals in FD-P patients may be useful tools to differentiate FD-P patients from FD patients in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Futagami
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City Univeristy, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Palliative Medicine, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Kasai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City Univeristy, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuma Higurashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City Univeristy, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City Univeristy, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shuhei Agawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamawaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayu Habiro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobue Ueki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iori Sanada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Yamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kawasaki Rinko General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamato
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Yamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Hojo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kewin Tien Ho Siah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok-Ann Gwee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,The Gastroenterology Group, Gleneagles Hospital, Singapore
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9
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Cloete L. Diabetes mellitus: an overview of the types, symptoms, complications and management. Nurs Stand 2022; 37:61-66. [PMID: 34708622 DOI: 10.7748/ns.2021.e11709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing, and this condition often results in significant metabolic disease and severe complications. Nurses have a crucial role in monitoring, educating and supporting people with diabetes, as well as their families and significant others. This article provides an overview of the main types and common symptoms of diabetes, its acute and long-term complications and its management. It also outlines the nurse's role in diabetes care, which frequently includes assessing and empowering patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Cloete
- School of Nursing, Avondale University, Wahroonga, Sydney NSW, Australia
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10
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Agawa S, Futagami S, Yamawaki H, Gudis K, Higuchi K, Kaneko K, Habiro M, Kodaka Y, Ueki N, Watanabe Y, Motoda N, Ohashi R, Iwakiri K. State of anxiety may be associated with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in functional dyspepsia patients with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 70:175-181. [PMID: 35400815 PMCID: PMC8921718 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have reported that refractory functional dyspepsia patients with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities (FD-P). We tried to analyze the prevalence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in FD-P patients to clarify whether the pathophysiology of FD patients including clinical symptoms and quality of life were associated with EPI. We enrolled forty-nine patients presenting with typical symptoms of FD-P patients (n = 20) and asymptomatic patients with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities (AP-P) (n = 29). Five pancreatic enzymes (p-amylase, lipase, elastase-1, trypsin, and PLA2) were measured and STAI-state/-trait and SF-8 were evaluated. Pancreatic exocrine function was analyzed using N-benzoyl-l-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (BT-PABA). There were no significant differences in patient background between FD-P and AP-P patients. BT-PABA test scores for FD-P patients (61.67 ± 5.55) were significantly (p = 0.01) lower than in AP-P patients (95.38 ± 2.36). Physical component scale (PCS) in FD-P patients was significantly (p = 0.002) lower than that in AP-P patients. STAI-state was relatively (p = 0.054) associated with BT-PABA test in FD-P and AP-P patients by multiple logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of EPI in FD-P patients was significantly higher than that in AP-P patients and was relatively associated with state of anxiety. Further studies will be needed to clarify how EPI or pancreatic enzyme abnormalities are associated with the pathophysiology of FD-P patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Agawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Seiji Futagami
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Hiroshi Yamawaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Katya Gudis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Kazutoshi Higuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Keiko Kaneko
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Mayu Habiro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Yasuhiro Kodaka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Nobue Ueki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine
| | - Norio Motoda
- Division of Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Ryuji Ohashi
- Division of Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Katsuhiko Iwakiri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School
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11
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Futagami S, Wakabayashi M. Pancreatic dysfunction and duodenal inflammatory responses coordinate with refractory epigastric pain including functional dyspepsia "A narrative review". J NIPPON MED SCH 2022; 89:255-262. [DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2022_89-311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Liang G, Zhang L, Jiang G, Chen X, Zong Y, Wang F. Effects and Components of Herb Pair Huanglian-Banxia on Diabetic Gastroparesis by Network Pharmacology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8257937. [PMID: 34708128 PMCID: PMC8545519 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8257937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) is a serious and chronic complication of long-standing diabetes mellitus, which brings a heavy burden to individuals and society. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is considered a complementary and alternative therapy for DGP patients. Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, HL) and Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, BX) combined as herb pair have been frequently used in TCM prescriptions, which can effectively treat DGP in China. In this article, a practical application of TCM network pharmacological approach was used for the research on herb pair HL-BX in the treatment of DGP. Firstly, twenty-seven potential active components of HL-BX were screened from the TCMSP database, and their potential targets were also retrieved. Then, the compound-target network and PPI network were constructed from predicted common targets, and several key targets were found based on the degree of the network. Next, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted to obtain several significantly enriched terms. Finally, the experimental verification was made. The results demonstrated that network pharmacological approach was a powerful means for identifying bioactive ingredients and mechanisms of action for TCM. Network pharmacology provided an effective strategy for TCM modern research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Liang
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
- Clinical Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
- Clinical Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
| | - Guorong Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
- Clinical Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuanyi Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zong
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
- Clinical Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
- Clinical Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
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13
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Mussa BM, Khan AA, Srivastava A, Abdallah SH. Differentiated PDGFRα-Positive Cells: A Novel In-Vitro Model for Functional Studies of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073514. [PMID: 33805311 PMCID: PMC8037384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is evident that depletion of interstitial cells and dysfunction of nitric oxide (NO) pathways are key players in development of several gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders such as diabetic gastroparesis (DGP). One of the main limitations of DGP research is the lack of isolation methods that are specific to interstitial cells, and therefore conducting functional studies is not feasible. The present study aims (i) to differentiate telomerase transformed mesenchymal stromal cells (iMSCs) into platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α-positive cells (PDGFRα-positive cells) using connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and L-ascorbic acids; (ii) to investigate the effects of NO donor and inhibitor on the survival rate of differentiated PDGFRα-positive cells; and (iii) to evaluate the impact of increased glucose concentrations, mimicking diabetic hyperglycemia, on the gene expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). A fibroblastic differentiation-induction medium supplemented with connective tissue growth factor was used to differentiate iMSCs into PDGFRα-positive cells. The medium was changed every day for 21 days to maintain the biological activity of the growth factors. Gene and protein expression, scanning electron and confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry analysis of several markers were conducted to confirm the differentiation process. Methyl tetrazolium cell viability, nitrite measurement assays, and immunostaining were used to investigate the effects of NO on PDGFRα-positive cells. The present study, for the first time, demonstrated the differentiation of iMSCs into PDGFRα-positive cells. The outcomes of the functional studies showed that SNAP (NO donor) increased the survival rate of differentiated PDGFRα-positive cells whereas LNNA (NO inhibitor) attenuated these effects. Further experimentations revealed that hyperglycemia produced a significant increase in expression of nNOS in PDGFRα-positive cells. Differentiation of iMSCs into PDGFRα-positive cells is a novel model to conduct functional studies and to investigate the involvement of NO pathways. This will help in identifying new therapeutic targets for treatment of DGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashair M. Mussa
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-65057220
| | - Amir Ali Khan
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Sallam Hasan Abdallah
- Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
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14
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The Influence of a Hyperglycemic Condition on the Population of Somatostatin Enteric Neurons in the Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10010142. [PMID: 31952333 PMCID: PMC7022948 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin (SOM) is the most common agent in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that is involved in the regulation of several gastric functions, as well as in gastric disorders. Hyperglycemia, which develops as a consequence of improperly treated diabetes, can cause numerous disturbances in the appropriate functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. High glucose level is toxic to neurons. One of the lines of defense of neurons against this glucotoxicity are changes in their chemical coding. To better understood the role of SOM secreted by enteric neurons in neuronal response on elevated glucose level, pancreatic β cells were destroyed using streptozotocin. Due to the close similarity of the pig to humans, especially the GI tract, the current study used pigs as an animal model. The results revealed that the number of enteric neurons immunoreactive to SOM (SOM-IR) in a physiological state clearly depend on the part of the GI tract studied. In turn, experimentally induced diabetes caused changes in the number of SOM-IR neurons. The least visible changes were observed in the stomach, where an increase in SOM-IR neurons was observed, only in the submucosal plexus in the corpus. However, diabetes led to an increase in the population of myenteric and submucosal neurons immunoreactive to SOM in all segments of the small intestine. The opposite situation occurred in the descending colon, where a decrease in the number of SOM-IR neurons was visible. This study underlines the significant role of SOM expressed in enteric nervous system neurons during diabetes.
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15
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Wang X, Xie C, Marathe CS, Malbert CH, Horowitz M, Jones KL, Rayner CK, Sun Z, Wu T. Disparities in gastric emptying and postprandial glycaemia between Han Chinese and Caucasians with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 159:107951. [PMID: 31790715 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Gastric emptying is a major determinant of postprandial glycaemia in both health and type 2 diabetes (T2DM); the potential impact of ethnicity on gastric emptying is unclear. We compared the rate of gastric emptying of a standardised meal and the associated glycaemic response in Han Chinese and Caucasian patients with T2DM. METHODS 14 Han Chinese and 14 Caucasian T2DM patients, managed by diet and/or metformin monotherapy, underwent concurrent measurements of gastric emptying and blood glucose for 240 min after a 99mTc-calcium phytate-labelled mashed potato meal. RESULTS Han Chinese patients were slightly younger (P < 0.05), and had a lower BMI (P < 0.05), than Caucasians. There were no differences in either HbA1c or fasting blood glucose between them. Gastric half-emptying time (T50) was shorter (P < 0.05) and the postprandial blood glucose increment greater (P < 0.05) in Han Chinese than Caucasian patients. Both the increment in blood glucose from baseline at 60 min and peak blood glucose were related inversely to T50 (P < 0.05 each). CONCLUSIONS Han Chinese with relatively well-controlled T2DM have more rapid gastric emptying compared to Caucasians, which is associated with a greater postprandial glycaemic excursion. These differences may inform the choice of management, e.g. Han Chinese may particularly benefit from therapies that slow gastric emptying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Cong Xie
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chinmay S Marathe
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Michael Horowitz
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Karen L Jones
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christopher K Rayner
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zilin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tongzhi Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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16
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Sebai H, Rtibi K, Selmi S, Jridi M, Balti R, Marzouki L. Modulating and opposite actions of two aqueous extracts prepared from Cinnamomum cassia L. bark and Quercus ilex L. on the gastrointestinal tract in rats. RSC Adv 2019; 9:21695-21706. [PMID: 35518898 PMCID: PMC9066441 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02429h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamon bark and evergreen oak acorns, natural sources of functional ingredients, are effective for those suffering from diarrhea, constipation and irritable bowel syndrome. This study aimed to evaluate the dissimilar phytochemical composition and the opposite potential actions of Cinnamomum cassia bark (ACCE) and Quercus ilex aqueous extracts (GIAE) on gastrointestinal (GI)-physiological activities and disruptions. An HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS assay was used to identify the distinctive qualitative and quantitative profiles of phenolic compounds. The GI-physiological action of both extracts on gastric emptying (GE) and gastrointestinal transit time (GIT) were evaluated using the phenol-red colorimetric method and a test meal containing charcoal/gum arabic in water. Loperamide (LOP)-induced colonic constipation and delayed emptying of the stomach were used to explore the reverse effects of ACCE/GIAE on GI disorders. HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS showed that the main phenolic compounds detected in ACCE are trans-cinnamic acid, quinic acid, protocatechuic acid and rosmarinic acid, while gallic acid, quinic acid and protocatechuic acid are the major chemical constituents found in GIAE. GIAE at two doses (150 and 300 mg kg−1) exerted a reduction of GE (66.40% and 60.87%, respectively) compared to a control group (70.25%). However, ACCE at the same concentrations induced contradictory actions on GE/GIT in comparison to GIAE and antagonistic synthetic pharmacological drugs in rats. The protective effect of CCAE against constipation induced by LOP in rats was accompanied by a strong antioxidant property related to moderation of intracellular-mediator disorders. An absence of toxic actions was revealed in the case of the hematological profile and biochemical parameters. Hence, in-depth investigations of these nutrients of both extracts may help future researchers to derive the underlying mechanisms and potential molecular targets for the development of physiologically functional foods and future therapies. Cinnamon bark and evergreen oak acorns, natural sources of functional ingredients, are effective for those suffering from diarrhea, constipation and irritable bowel syndrome.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba B. P. 382 9000 Beja Tunisia +216 72 590 566 +216 97 479 135
| | - Kaïs Rtibi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba B. P. 382 9000 Beja Tunisia +216 72 590 566 +216 97 479 135
| | - Slimen Selmi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba B. P. 382 9000 Beja Tunisia +216 72 590 566 +216 97 479 135
| | - Mourad Jridi
- Laboratory of Enzymatic Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax B. P. 1173 3038 Sfax Tunisia
| | - Rafik Balti
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba B. P. 382 9000 Beja Tunisia +216 72 590 566 +216 97 479 135
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba B. P. 382 9000 Beja Tunisia +216 72 590 566 +216 97 479 135
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17
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Alsalim W, Ahrén B. Insulin and incretin hormone responses to rapid versus slow ingestion of a standardized solid breakfast in healthy subjects. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2019; 2:e00056. [PMID: 31008364 PMCID: PMC6458458 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
People with repeated rapid meal ingestion have been reported to have increased risk of insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and obesity. To explore whether speed of eating a breakfast influences the postprandial rise of glucose, insulin and the incretin hormones, 24 healthy subjects (12 men and 12 women, mean age 62 years) ingested a standardized solid breakfast consisting of 524 kcal (60% from carbohydrate, 20% from protein, 20% from fat) over 5 or 12 minutes on separate days in random order. Breakfast ingestion increased circulating glucose and insulin with maximal levels seen at 30 minutes after start of meal ingestion with no significant difference in the two tests. Similarly, breakfast increased circulating levels of total (reflecting secretion) glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) with, again, no difference between the tests. Furthermore, gastric emptying, as revealed by the indirect paracetamol test, did not differ between the tests. We therefore conclude that the speed of breakfast ingestion does not affect the postprandial rise of glucose, insulin or incretin hormones in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wathik Alsalim
- Department of Clinical Sciences LundLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Bo Ahrén
- Department of Clinical Sciences LundLund UniversityLundSweden
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