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Syed RU, Afsar S, Aboshouk NAM, Salem Alanzi S, Abdalla RAH, Khalifa AAS, Enrera JA, Elafandy NM, Abdalla RAH, Ali OHH, Satheesh Kumar G, Alshammari MD. LncRNAs in necroptosis: Deciphering their role in cancer pathogenesis and therapy. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155252. [PMID: 38479121 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Necroptosis, a controlled type of cell death that is different from apoptosis, has become a key figure in the aetiology of cancer and offers a possible target for treatment. A growing number of biological activities, including necroptosis, have been linked to long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a varied family of RNA molecules with limited capacity to code for proteins. The complex interactions between LncRNAs and important molecular effectors of necroptosis, including mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) and receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), will be investigated. We will explore the many methods that LncRNAs use to affect necroptosis, including protein-protein interactions, transcriptional control, and post-transcriptional modification. Additionally, the deregulation of certain LncRNAs in different forms of cancer will be discussed, highlighting their dual function in influencing necroptotic processes as tumour suppressors and oncogenes. The goal of this study is to thoroughly examine the complex role that LncRNAs play in controlling necroptotic pathways and how that regulation affects the onset and spread of cancer. In the necroptosis for cancer treatment, this review will also provide insight into the possible therapeutic uses of targeting LncRNAs. Techniques utilising LncRNA-based medicines show promise in controlling necroptotic pathways to prevent cancer from spreading and improve the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahamat Unissa Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S Afsar
- Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh 517502, India.
| | - Nayla Ahmed Mohammed Aboshouk
- Department of Clinical laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Amna Abakar Suleiman Khalifa
- Department of Clinical laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jerlyn Apatan Enrera
- Department of Clinical laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nancy Mohammad Elafandy
- Department of Clinical laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randa Abdeen Husien Abdalla
- Department of Clinical laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Hafiz Haj Ali
- Department of Clinical laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Satheesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seven Hills College of Pharmacy, Venkataramapuram, Tirupati, India
| | - Maali D Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
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Shah J, Jena A, Shweta S, Vaiphei K, Gupta V, Kumar N, Singh AK, Kochhar R. Corrosive induced esophageal and gastric injury: Histopathological evaluation of surgically resected specimens over a decade in a tertiary care center. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2024; 67:379-384. [PMID: 38391330 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_764_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caustic ingestion is associated with long-term sequelae like esophageal stricture, gastric cicatrization, and long-term risk of dysplasia or even carcinoma. However, only a few small studies have explored histopathological aspects of caustic-induced esophageal/gastric injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated specimens of patients undergoing surgery due to caustic ingestion-related complications from 2008 to 2020. Pathological examination was conducted by two independent gastro-pathologists to evaluate the extent and depth of the caustic injury, presence or absence of tissue necrosis, type and degree of inflammation, or presence of any dysplastic cells. RESULTS A total of 54 patients underwent surgical exploration during the inclusion period and complete details of 39 specimens could be retrieved. The mean age of the included patients was 28.66 ± 9.31 years and 25 (64.1%) were male. The majority of patients (30; 76.9%) had a history of caustic ingestion more than three months before the surgery and the presence of long or refractory stricture was the most common indication for the surgery (20; 51.28%). In the resected specimen, a majority of patients had superficial esophageal or gastric ulcer (90.6%; 60.0%), transmural inflammation (68.8%; 65.6%), transmural fibrosis (62.5%; 34.4%), and hypertrophied muscularis mucosa (78.13%; 53.3%). However, none of the patients had dysplasia in the resected esophageal or gastric specimens. CONCLUSION Caustic ingestion leads to mucosal ulceration, transmural inflammation, and transmural fibrosis which might be the reason for refractory stricture in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimil Shah
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Anuraag Jena
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Shweta Shweta
- Department of Histopathology, Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Kim Vaiphei
- Department of Histopathology, Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupam K Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Rakesh Kochhar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Sabrine BY, Messaoud M, Samia B, Meriem BF, Radhouane BS, Maha BM, Sawsen C, Sami S, Sana M, Amine K, Amel G, Imen Z, Lassaad S, Mongi M, Mohsen B. Outcomes of pneumatic dilation in pediatric caustic esophageal strictures: a descriptive and analytic study from a developing country. Surg Endosc 2023; 37:9291-9298. [PMID: 37884732 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10489-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Corrosive substance ingestion in children represents a significant public health issue due to its long-term health sequelae. Esophageal stricture, main complication of this dangerous condition, is treated by pneumatic dilation and eventually by esophageal replacement. We aimed, through this study, to report the outcomes of esophageal pneumatic dilation complicating corrosive substance ingestion in children in a developing country. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on the population of pediatric patients with caustic esophageal stenosis between January 2005 and December 2020. All patients underwent pneumatic balloon dilation. A logistic regression model was built to predict the probability of the occurrence of the event (success/failure) of the dilation. The ROC curve is used to evaluate the performance of the logistic regression model to discriminate between positive and negative values of the dependent variable. RESULTS The success rate of pneumatic balloon dilation was 80.4%. The median duration of overall management was 11 months. The severity of caustic stricture observed during endoscopy was significantly linked to worse outcomes (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that the severity of stenosis and the number of dilation sessions were independent risk factors for failure of dilation. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 71.7%. A Cut-Off point value of 7 provided the best sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION Pneumatic balloon dilation has been proven to be efficacious in infants with caustic esophageal stricture. Pediatric surgeons should take into account factors to promptly switch to replacement surgery and avoid unnecessary and time-consuming serial dilations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Youssef Sabrine
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Marwa Messaoud
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Belhassen Samia
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ben Fredj Meriem
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ben Salah Radhouane
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ben Mansour Maha
- Anesthesiology Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Chakroun Sawsen
- Anesthesiology Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sfar Sami
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mosbahi Sana
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ksia Amine
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Gara Amel
- Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Zemni Imen
- Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sahnoun Lassaad
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mekki Mongi
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Belghith Mohsen
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Endoscopic Grading as a Predictor to Develop Strictures in Corrosive Esophagitis in Children. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041699. [PMID: 36836234 PMCID: PMC9964508 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of corrosive esophagitis, also known as caustic esophagitis in children, is still increasing in developing countries, according to different clinical reports. Acids and alkalis are, in the same manner, involved in the pathogenesis of corrosive esophagitis in children. The aim of our study was to determine the incidence and endoscopic grading of corrosive esophagitis in a cohort of children from a developing country. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all pediatric patients who were admitted for corrosive ingestion at Pediatric Clinic II, Emergency Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, over 10 years. RESULTS A total of 22 patients consisting of 13 (59.09%) girls and 9 boys (40.91%) were found in the present research. The majority of children lived in rural areas (69.2%). The results of laboratory tests were not well correlated with the degree of the injury. White blood cell counts over 20,000 cells/mm3, an increase in the C-reactive protein level and hypoalbuminemia were noticed only in three patients with strictures. The lesions were associated with increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5 and Interferon-gamma. Severe late complications such as strictures have been noticed in children with grade 3A injuries. The endoscopic dilation was done after the six months endoscopy. None of the patients treated with endoscopic dilation required surgical intervention for esophageal or pyloric perforation or dilation failure. The majority of complications (such as malnutrition) were noticed in children with grade 3A injuries. In consequence, prolonged hospitalization has been required. The second endoscopy (done six months after ingestion) revealed stricture as the most common late complication (n = 13, 60.60%: eight patients with grade 2B and five with grade 3A). CONCLUSION There is a low incidence of corrosive esophagitis in children in our geographic area. Endoscopic grading is a predictor of late complications such as strictures. Grade 2B and 3A corrosive esophagitis are likely to develop strictures. It is crucial to avoid strictures and to prevent malnutrition.
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Voronetsky AN, Gulenko AV. [Histological evaluation of esophageal stricture in children with caustic burn]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2023:43-51. [PMID: 38088840 DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia202312143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze histological features of esophageal strictures in children with chemical burn following ingestion of household products containing sodium (potassium) hypochlorite, sodium (potassium) hydroxide. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed 3 children with complicated caustic esophageal burns. Children at the time of swallowing the caustic were 26.3±4.1 months. Multiple dilatations of esophageal stricture were ineffective. Therefore, extirpation or subtotal resection of the esophagus and esophagocoloplasty were performed. We stained specimens using hematoxylin and eosin, as well as Masson's trichrome. RESULTS Severe esophageal burns caused by sodium (potassium) hydroxide and/or sodium hypochlorite are followed by irreversible tissue lesions and non-dilatable stricture. Strictures are localized in the areas of physiological narrowing of the esophagus. The longest stricture follows ingestion of liquid substance. Histological properties include atrophy of glands and mucous membrane, muscle layer substitution by connective tissue and diffuse sclerosis of esophageal wall. CONCLUSION Non-dilatable esophageal stricture following caustic burn in children is due to irreversible morphological lesion of esophageal wall with mucous layer atrophy and sclerosis of all layers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A V Gulenko
- Alexandrov National Center of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
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Andreollo NA, Tercioti Jr V, Coelho Neto JDS, Ferrer JAP, Lopes LR. Caustic stenosis of the esophagus and malignant neoplasia: A dilemma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1059524. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1059524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Collins MH, Alexander ES, Martin LJ, Grotjan TM, Mukkada VA, Sheil A, Abonia JP, Putnam PE, Rothenberg ME. Acquired Esophageal Strictures in Children: Morphometric and Immunohistochemical Analyses. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2022; 25:124-133. [PMID: 34515576 PMCID: PMC10102868 DOI: 10.1177/10935266211041086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal strictures (ES) in children are not well characterized pathologically. We report unique histopathologic analyses of resected acquired ES and control esophagi (CE). METHODS Muscle layer thicknesses were measured in intact well-oriented areas; inflammatory cells were counted in the most inflamed high power field (hpf). Sections were stained with relevant antibodies. Results were expressed as median, lower and upper quartiles. Wilcoxon Rank Sums non-parametric test was used to compare groups; P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS All ES (N = 10) showed focal replacement of lamina propria, muscularis mucosa and submucosa by actin+ fibers emanating from muscularis propria. Compared to CE (N = 8), ES displayed significantly thickened muscularis mucosa and propria, and increased mast cells (tryptase- and chymase-positive), and eosinophils in muscle layers (all P ≤ 0.01). Matrix proteins periostin and fibronectin were identified in the muscle layers of CE, and in the extracellular matrix in areas of disrupted architecture in ES. CONCLUSIONS Compared to CE, acquired ES in children show significant structural alterations, including obliterative muscularization, inflammatory cell mural infiltrates, and extracellular matrix protein deposits. Therapies targeting connective tissue expansion, mast cells, eosinophils and inflammation may be beneficial to treat ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H Collins
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Eileen S Alexander
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa J Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tommie M Grotjan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Vincent A Mukkada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Amy Sheil
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Juan P Abonia
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Philip E Putnam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Endoscopic, laboratory, and clinical findings and outcomes of caustic ingestion in adults; a retrospective study. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2022; 15:59-65. [PMID: 35611251 PMCID: PMC9123634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aim Compared to the prevalence and complications, there is still limited evidence in this regard. Background With an incidence rate of 200,000 cases annually and the induction of numerous complications, caustic ingestion imposes a significant burden on the healthcare system. Apart from being fatal in some cases, this injury affects its victims' quality of life as it is followed by many gastrointestinal problems. This injury mainly occurs accidentally among children, whereas in adults, it often occurs with suicidal intentions. Despite recent advances in internal medicine, gastroenterology, and toxicology, this type of injury remains a debilitating and, in some cases, fatal disorder for its victims. Methods This study retrospectively evaluated the clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic findings of 150 patients admitted to a referral center of toxicology and forensic medicine and assessed factors associated with each type of injury. Results The findings indicated a mortality rate as high as 7.3% in this population. Age, pH, and previous medical conditions were associated with more complications. Higher degrees of injury were also significantly associated with higher mortality. No significant difference was observed between types of corrosive substances. Conclusion It seems that the most effective intervention for controlling caustic ingestion injuries would be psychiatric support, primary healthcare, and household education.
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Hall AH, Jacquemin D, Henny D, Mathieu L, Josset P, Meyer B. Corrosive substances ingestion: a review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 49:637-669. [PMID: 32009535 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1707773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Corrosive chemical substance ingestions are a major problem, especially in developing countries, but also in developed countries such as the United States, France, and Belgium. Ingestions may be deliberate as suicide attempts (mostly in adolescents and adults) or accidental (mostly in children). The results can be devastating in terms of individual suffering and disability, but also in terms of resource utilization and costs. In developing countries, outcomes may be worse because of limited medical/surgical resources. Common sequelae include gastrointestinal (GI) tract (esophagus, stomach, pylorus, and duodenum) stricture formation, GI tract perforation, and hemorrhage. Systemic effects may also occur, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), multi-organ system failure, and sepsis. Various interventions in the acute phase to reduce the severity of injury have been attempted, but there are no large controlled clinical trials to demonstrate efficacy. Dilation therapy in various forms is commonly used for the treatment of strictures and a variety of surgical procedures including esophagectomy and delayed replacement may be required in severe corrosive injury cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan H Hall
- Toxicology Consulting and Medical Translating Services, Azle and Springtown, TX, USA.,Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Patrice Josset
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand Trousseau, Director of the Teaching Program of the History of Medicine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Meyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Groupe Hospitalier Pieté-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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