1
|
Parmentier FBR, English M, Maybery MT. Auditory context-dependent distraction by unexpected visual stimuli. Psychon Bull Rev 2024:10.3758/s13423-024-02527-y. [PMID: 38829578 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Research findings indicate that when a task-irrelevant stimulus feature deviates from an otherwise predictable pattern, participants performing a categorization task exhibit slower responses (deviance distraction). This deviance distraction effect reflects the violation of the sensory predictions generated by the cognitive system. In this study, we sought to examine for the first time whether these predictions can be incidentally modulated by the auditory environment. Participants categorized the duration (short vs long) of a colored shape (red square or blue circle) while instructed to disregard the stimulus' visual features and the sound played in the background (two distinct chords played by different instruments). While the two visual stimuli shapes were equiprobable across the task, one was highly likely (p=.882) and the other rare (p=.118) in one auditory context and vice versa in the other context. Our results showed that participants were significantly slower in the duration judgement task whenever the stimulus was unexpected within a given auditory context (context-dependent distraction), and that the reset of their sensory predictions was completed upon the trial following a change of context. We conclude that object features and environmental context are processed in relation to each other and that sensory predictions are produced in relation to the environmental context, evidencing the first demonstration of auditory context-dependent modulation of attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice B R Parmentier
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. De Valldemossa, Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Michael English
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Murray T Maybery
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Razzaghipour A, Ashrafi M, Mohammadzadeh A. A Review of Auditory Attention: Neural Mechanisms, Theories, and Affective Disorders. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:2250-2256. [PMID: 38883545 PMCID: PMC11169100 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Attention is a fundamental aspect of human cognitive function and is crucial for essential activities such as learning, social interaction, and routine tasks. Notably, Auditory attention involves complex interactions and collaboration among multiple brain networks. Recognizing the impairment of auditory attention, comprehending its underlying mechanisms, and identifying the activated brain regions essential for the development of treatments and interventions for individuals facing auditory attention deficits, emphasizes the significance of investigating these matters. In the current study, we conducted a review by searching for the full text of 53 articles published related to auditory attention, mechanisms, and networks in databases like Science Direct, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and PubMed using the keywords Attention, Auditory Attention, Auditory Attention Impairment, theories of attention were investigated in the years 2000 to 2023 And focused on articles that provided discussions within this research domain. The studies have demonstrated that auditory attention exceeds being an acoustic attribute and assumes a fundamental role in complex acoustic environments, information processing, and even speech comprehension. In the context of this study, we have conducted a review and summary of the proposed theories related to attention and the brain networks involved in different forms of auditory attention. In conclusion, the integration of auditory attention assessments, behavioral observations, and an understanding of the neural mechanisms and brain regions implicated in auditory attention proves to be an effective approach for the diagnosis and treatment of attention-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Razzaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Department of Audiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Ashrafi
- Department of Audiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Audiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Coy N, Bendixen A, Grimm S, Roeber U, Schröger E. Conditional deviant repetition in the oddball paradigm modulates processing at the level of P3a but not MMN. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14545. [PMID: 38366704 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The auditory system has an amazing ability to rapidly encode auditory regularities. Evidence comes from the popular oddball paradigm, in which frequent (standard) sounds are occasionally exchanged for rare deviant sounds, which then elicit signs of prediction error based on their unexpectedness (e.g., MMN and P3a). Here, we examine the widely neglected characteristics of deviants being bearers of predictive information themselves; naive participants listened to sound sequences constructed according to a new, modified version of the oddball paradigm including two types of deviants that followed diametrically opposed rules: one deviant sound occurred mostly in pairs (repetition rule), the other deviant sound occurred mostly in isolation (non-repetition rule). Due to this manipulation, the sound following a first deviant (either the same deviant or a standard) was either predictable or unpredictable based on its conditional probability associated with the preceding deviant sound. Our behavioral results from an active deviant detection task replicate previous findings that deviant repetition rules (based on conditional probability) can be extracted when behaviorally relevant. Our electrophysiological findings obtained in a passive listening setting indicate that conditional probability also translates into differential processing at the P3a level. However, MMN was confined to global deviants and was not sensitive to conditional probability. This suggests that higher-level processing concerned with stimulus selection and/or evaluation (reflected in P3a) but not lower-level sensory processing (reflected in MMN) considers rarely encountered rules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Coy
- Wilhelm-Wundt-Institute of Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandra Bendixen
- Cognitive Systems Lab, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Sabine Grimm
- Cognitive Systems Lab, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
- Physics of Cognition Lab, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Urte Roeber
- Wilhelm-Wundt-Institute of Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erich Schröger
- Wilhelm-Wundt-Institute of Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu J, Fan T, Chen Y, Zhao J. Seeking the neural representation of statistical properties in print during implicit processing of visual words. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2023; 8:60. [PMID: 38102191 PMCID: PMC10724295 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-023-00209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Statistical learning (SL) plays a key role in literacy acquisition. Studies have increasingly revealed the influence of distributional statistical properties of words on visual word processing, including the effects of word frequency (lexical level) and mappings between orthography, phonology, and semantics (sub-lexical level). However, there has been scant evidence to directly confirm that the statistical properties contained in print can be directly characterized by neural activities. Using time-resolved representational similarity analysis (RSA), the present study examined neural representations of different types of statistical properties in visual word processing. From the perspective of predictive coding, an equal probability sequence with low built-in prediction precision and three oddball sequences with high built-in prediction precision were designed with consistent and three types of inconsistent (orthographically inconsistent, orthography-to-phonology inconsistent, and orthography-to-semantics inconsistent) Chinese characters as visual stimuli. In the three oddball sequences, consistent characters were set as the standard stimuli (probability of occurrence p = 0.75) and three types of inconsistent characters were set as deviant stimuli (p = 0.25), respectively. In the equal probability sequence, the same consistent and inconsistent characters were presented randomly with identical occurrence probability (p = 0.25). Significant neural representation activities of word frequency were observed in the equal probability sequence. By contrast, neural representations of sub-lexical statistics only emerged in oddball sequences where short-term predictions were shaped. These findings reveal that the statistical properties learned from long-term print environment continues to play a role in current word processing mechanisms and these mechanisms can be modulated by short-term predictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Liu
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, and Key Laboratory for Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.
| | - Tengwen Fan
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, and Key Laboratory for Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Key laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, and Key Laboratory for Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vasilev MR, Lowman M, Bills K, Parmentier FBR, Kirkby JA. Unexpected sounds inhibit the movement of the eyes during reading and letter scanning. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14389. [PMID: 37448357 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Novel sounds that unexpectedly deviate from a repetitive sound sequence are well known to cause distraction. Such unexpected sounds have also been shown to cause global motor inhibition, suggesting that they trigger a neurophysiological response aimed at stopping ongoing actions. Recently, evidence from eye movements has suggested that unexpected sounds also temporarily pause the movements of the eyes during reading, though it is unclear if this effect is due to inhibition of oculomotor planning or inhibition of language processes. Here, we sought to distinguish between these two possibilities by comparing a natural reading task to a letter scanning task that involves similar oculomotor demands to reading, but no higher level lexical processing. Participants either read sentences for comprehension or scanned letter strings of these sentences for the letter 'o' in three auditory conditions: silence, standard, and novel sounds. The results showed that novel sounds were equally distracting in both tasks, suggesting that they generally inhibit ongoing oculomotor processes independent of lexical processing. These results suggest that novel sounds may have a global suppressive effect on eye-movement control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Lowman
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | | | - Fabrice B R Parmentier
- Department of Psychology and Research Institute for Health Sciences (iUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Julie A Kirkby
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Halliday DWR, Karr JE, Shahnazian D, Gordon I, Sanchez Escudero JP, MacDonald SWS, Macoun SJ, Hundza SR, Garcia-Barrera MA. Electrophysiological variability during tests of executive functioning: A comparison of athletes with and without concussion and sedentary control participants. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37598380 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2247512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sport participation may benefit executive functioning (EF), but EF can also be adversely affected by concussion, which can occur during sport participation. Neural variability is an emerging proxy of brain health that indexes the brain's range of possible responses to incoming stimuli (i.e., dynamic range) and interconnectedness, but has yet to be characterized following concussion among athletes. This study examined whether neural variability was enhanced by athletic participation and attenuated by concussion. METHOD Seventy-seven participants (18-25 years-old) were classified as sedentary controls (n = 33), athletes with positive concussion history (n = 21), or athletes without concussion (n = 23). Participants completed tests of attention switching, response inhibition, and updating working memory while undergoing electroencephalography recordings to index neural variability. RESULTS Compared to sedentary controls and athletes without concussion, athletes with concussion exhibited a restricted whole-brain dynamic range of neural variability when completing a test of inhibitory control. There were no group differences observed for either the switching or working memory tasks. CONCLUSIONS A history of concussion was related to reduced dynamic range of neural activity during a task of response inhibition in young adult athletes. Neural variability may have value for evaluating brain health following concussion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drew W R Halliday
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- CORTEX Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Justin E Karr
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Iris Gordon
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- CORTEX Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | | | - Stuart W S MacDonald
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Sarah J Macoun
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Sandra R Hundza
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Mauricio A Garcia-Barrera
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- CORTEX Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Daikoku T, Jentschke S, Tsogli V, Bergström K, Lachmann T, Ahissar M, Koelsch S. Neural correlates of statistical learning in developmental dyslexia: An electroencephalography study. Biol Psychol 2023; 181:108592. [PMID: 37268263 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The human brain extracts statistical regularities from the surrounding environment in a process called statistical learning. Behavioural evidence suggests that developmental dyslexia affects statistical learning. However, surprisingly few studies have assessed how developmental dyslexia affects the neural processing underlying this type of learning. We used electroencephalography to explore the neural correlates of an important aspect of statistical learning - sensitivity to transitional probabilities - in individuals with developmental dyslexia. Adults diagnosed with developmental dyslexia (n = 17) and controls (n = 19) were exposed to a continuous stream of sound triplets. Every so often, a triplet ending had a low transitional probability given the triplet's first two sounds ("statistical deviants"). Furthermore, every so often a triplet ending was presented from a deviant location ("acoustic deviants"). We examined mismatch negativity elicited by statistical deviants (sMMN), and MMN elicited by location deviants (i.e., acoustic changes). Acoustic deviants elicited a MMN which was larger in the control group than in the developmental dyslexia group. Statistical deviants elicited a small, yet significant, sMMN in the control group, but not in the developmental dyslexia group. However, the difference between the groups was not significant. Our findings indicate that the neural mechanisms underlying pre-attentive acoustic change detection and implicit statistical auditory learning are both affected in developmental dyslexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Daikoku
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Brain, Mind and KANSEI Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima city, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | | | - Vera Tsogli
- Department for Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kirstin Bergström
- Center for Cognitive Science, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Thomas Lachmann
- Center for Cognitive Science, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany; Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - Merav Ahissar
- Psychology Department, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Stefan Koelsch
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department for Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gumenyuk V, Korzyukov O, Tapaskar N, Wagner M, Larson CR, Hammer MJ. Deficiency in Re-Orienting of Attention in Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Clin EEG Neurosci 2023; 54:141-150. [PMID: 35861774 DOI: 10.1177/15500594221115737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To characterize potential brain indexes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. Methods: In an effort to develop objective, laboratory-based tests that can help to establish ADHD diagnosis, the brain indexes of distractibility was investigated in a group of adults. We used event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and performance measures in a forced-choice visual task. Results: Behaviorally aberrant distractibility in the ADHD group was significantly higher. Across three ERP components of distraction: N1 enhancement, P300 (P3a), and Reorienting Negativity (RON) the significant difference between ADHD and matched controls was found in the amplitude of the RON. We used non-parametric randomization tests, enabling us to statistically validated this difference between-group. Conclusions: Our main results of this feasibility study suggest that among other ERP components associated with auditory distraction, the RON response is promising index for a potential biomarker of deficient re-orienting of attention in adults s with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gumenyuk
- Department of Neurological Sciences, MEG laboratory, 12284UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Oleg Korzyukov
- Wisconsin Airway Sensory Physiology Laboratory, 5229University of Wisconsin - Whitewater, Whitewater, WI, USA.,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 3270Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Natalie Tapaskar
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 3270Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, 21727University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Charles R Larson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 3270Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Hammer
- Wisconsin Airway Sensory Physiology Laboratory, 5229University of Wisconsin - Whitewater, Whitewater, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Azaiez N, Loberg O, Hämäläinen JA, Leppänen PHT. Auditory P3a response to native and foreign speech in children with or without attentional deficit. Neuropsychologia 2023; 183:108506. [PMID: 36773807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the attentional mechanism in speech processing of native and foreign language in children with and without attentional deficit. For this purpose, the P3a component, cognitive neuromarker of the attentional processes, was investigated in a two-sequence two-deviant oddball paradigm using Finnish and English speech items via event-related potentials (ERP) technique. The difference waves reflected the temporal brain dynamics of the P3a response in native and foreign language contexts. Cluster-based permutation tests evaluated the group differences over the P3a time window. A correlation analysis was conducted between the P3a response and the attention score (ATTEX) to evaluate whether the behavioral assessment reflected the neural activity. The source reconstruction method (CLARA) was used to investigate the neural origins of the attentional differences between groups and conditions. The ERP results showed a larger P3a response in the group of children with attentional problems (AP) compared to controls (CTR). The P3a response differed statistically between the two groups in the native language processing, but not in the foreign language. The ATTEX score correlated with the P3a amplitude in the native language contrasts. The correlation analyses hint at some hemispheric brain activity difference in the frontal area. The group-level CLARA reconstruction showed activation in the speech perception and attention networks over the frontal, parietal, and temporal areas. Differences in activations of these networks were found between the groups and conditions, with the AP group showing higher activity in the source level, being the origin of the ERP enhancement observed on the scalp level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najla Azaiez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Otto Loberg
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, United Kingdom
| | - Jarmo A Hämäläinen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland; Jyväskylä Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Paavo H T Leppänen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland; Jyväskylä Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Parmentier FBR, Gallego L, Micucci A, Leiva A, Andrés P, Maybery MT. Distraction by deviant sounds is modulated by the environmental context. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21447. [PMID: 36509791 PMCID: PMC9744899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that participants performing a continuous visual categorization task respond slower following the presentation of a task-irrelevant sound deviating from an otherwise repetitive or predictable auditory context (deviant sound among standard sounds). Here, for the first time, we explored the role of the environmental context (instrumentalized as a task-irrelevant background picture) in this effect. In two experiments, participants categorized left/right arrows while ignoring irrelevant sounds and background pictures of forest and city scenes. While equiprobable across the task, sounds A and B were presented with probabilities of .882 and .118 in the forest context, respectively, and with the reversed probabilities in the city context. Hence, neither sound constituted a deviant sound at task-level, but each did within a specific context. In Experiment 1, where each environmental context (forest and city scene) consisted of a single picture each, participants were significantly slower in the visual task following the presentation of the sound that was unexpected within the current context (context-dependent distraction). Further analysis showed that the cognitive system reset its sensory predictions even for the first trial of a change in environmental context. In Experiment 2, the two contexts (forest and city) were implemented using sets of 32 pictures each, with the background picture changing on every trial. Here too, context-dependent deviance distraction was observed. However, participants took a trial to fully reset their sensory predictions upon a change in context. We conclude that irrelevant sounds are incidentally processed in association with the environmental context (even though these stimuli belong to different sensory modalities) and that sensory predictions are context-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice B. R. Parmentier
- grid.9563.90000 0001 1940 4767Department of Psychology and Research Institute of Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. De Valldemossa, Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands Spain ,grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Laura Gallego
- grid.9563.90000 0001 1940 4767Department of Psychology and Research Institute of Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. De Valldemossa, Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands Spain
| | - Antonia Micucci
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alicia Leiva
- grid.440820.aDepartment of Psychology, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Spain
| | - Pilar Andrés
- grid.9563.90000 0001 1940 4767Department of Psychology and Research Institute of Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. De Valldemossa, Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands Spain
| | - Murray T. Maybery
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Widmann A, Schröger E. Intention-based predictive information modulates auditory deviance processing. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:995119. [PMID: 36248631 PMCID: PMC9554204 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.995119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is highly responsive to (deviant) sounds violating an auditory regularity. Respective brain responses are usually investigated in situations when the sounds were produced by the experimenter. Acknowledging that humans also actively produce sounds, the present event-related potential study tested for differences in the brain responses to deviants that were produced by the listeners by pressing one of two buttons. In one condition, deviants were unpredictable with respect to the button-sound association. In another condition, deviants were predictable with high validity yielding correctly predicted deviants and incorrectly predicted (mispredicted) deviants. Temporal principal component analysis revealed deviant-specific N1 enhancement, mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a. N1 enhancements were highly similar for each deviant type, indicating that the underlying neural mechanism is not affected by intention-based expectation about the self-produced forthcoming sound. The MMN was abolished for predictable deviants, suggesting that the intention-based prediction for a deviant can overwrite the prediction derived from the auditory regularity (predicting a standard). The P3a was present for each deviant type but was largest for mispredicted deviants. It is argued that the processes underlying P3a not only evaluate the deviant with respect to the fact that it violates an auditory regularity but also with respect to the intended sensorial effect of an action. Overall, our results specify current theories of auditory predictive processing, as they reveal that intention-based predictions exert different effects on different deviance-specific brain responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Widmann
- Wilhelm Wundt Institute for Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Andreas Widmann,
| | - Erich Schröger
- Wilhelm Wundt Institute for Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Erich Schröger,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Prete DA, Heikoop D, McGillivray JE, Reilly JP, Trainor LJ. The sound of silence: Predictive error responses to unexpected sound omission in adults. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1972-1985. [PMID: 35357048 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The human auditory system excels at detecting patterns needed for processing speech and music. According to predictive coding, the brain predicts incoming sounds, compares predictions to sensory input, and generates a prediction error whenever a mismatch between the prediction and sensory input occurs. Predictive coding can be indexed in EEG with the mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a components, two ERP components that are elicited by infrequent deviant sounds (e.g., differing in pitch, duration, loudness) in a stream of frequent sounds. If these components reflect prediction error, they should also be elicited by omitting an expected sound, but few studies have examined this. We compared ERPs elicited by infrequent randomly occurring omissions (unexpected silences) in tone sequences presented at 2 tones/sec to ERPs elicited by frequent, regularly occurring omissions (expected silences) within a sequence of tones and resting state EEG (a constant silence). We found that unexpected silences elicited significant MMN and P3a, although the magnitude of these components was quite small and variable. These results provide evidence for hierarchical predictive coding, indicating that the brain predicts silences as well as sounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Prete
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David Heikoop
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - James P Reilly
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,ARiEAL Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Vector Institute, MaRS Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Laurel J Trainor
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster Institute for Music and the Mind, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cai H, Dent ML. Dimensionally Specific Attention Capture in Birds Performing Auditory Streaming Task. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2022; 23:241-252. [PMID: 34988866 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-021-00825-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) have indicated that they experience attention capture in a qualitatively similar way to humans. Here, we apply a similar objective auditory streaming paradigm, using modified budgerigar vocalizations instead of ABAB-… patterned pure tones, in the sound sequences. The birds were trained to respond to deviants in the target stream while ignoring the distractors in the background stream. The background distractor could vary among five different categories and two different sequential positions, while the target deviants could randomly appear at five different sequential positions and vary among two different categories. We found that unpredictable background distractors could deteriorate birds' sensitivity to the target deviants. Compared to conditions where the background distractor appeared right before the target deviant, the attention capture effect decayed in conditions when the background distractor appeared earlier. In contrast to results from the same paradigm using pure tones, the results here are evidence for a faster recovery from attention capture using modified vocalization segments. We found that the temporally modulated background distractor captured birds' attention more and deteriorated birds' performance more than other categories of background distractor, as the temporally modulated target deviant enabled the birds to focus their attention toward the temporal modulation dimension. However, different from humans, birds have lower tolerances for suppressing the distractors from the same feature dimensions as the targets, which is evidenced by higher false alarm rates for the temporally modulated distractor than other distractors from different feature dimensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaizhen Cai
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Micheal L Dent
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Neural correlates of acoustic dissonance in music: The role of musicianship, schematic and veridical expectations. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260728. [PMID: 34852008 PMCID: PMC8635369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In western music, harmonic expectations can be fulfilled or broken by unexpected chords. Musical irregularities in the absence of auditory deviance elicit well-studied neural responses (e.g. ERAN, P3, N5). These responses are sensitive to schematic expectations (induced by syntactic rules of chord succession) and veridical expectations about predictability (induced by experimental regularities). However, the cognitive and sensory contributions to these responses and their plasticity as a result of musical training remains under debate. In the present study, we explored whether the neural processing of pure acoustic violations is affected by schematic and veridical expectations. Moreover, we investigated whether these two factors interact with long-term musical training. In Experiment 1, we registered the ERPs elicited by dissonant clusters placed either at the middle or the ending position of chord cadences. In Experiment 2, we presented to the listeners with a high proportion of cadences ending in a dissonant chord. In both experiments, we compared the ERPs of musicians and non-musicians. Dissonant clusters elicited distinctive neural responses (an early negativity, the P3 and the N5). While the EN was not affected by syntactic rules, the P3a and P3b were larger for dissonant closures than for middle dissonant chords. Interestingly, these components were larger in musicians than in non-musicians, while the N5 was the opposite. Finally, the predictability of dissonant closures in our experiment did not modulate any of the ERPs. Our study suggests that, at early time windows, dissonance is processed based on acoustic deviance independently of syntactic rules. However, at longer latencies, listeners may be able to engage integration mechanisms and further processes of attentional and structural analysis dependent on musical hierarchies, which are enhanced in musicians.
Collapse
|
15
|
Leiva A, Andrés P, Parmentier FBR. Aging Increases Cross-Modal Distraction by Unexpected Sounds: Controlling for Response Speed. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:733388. [PMID: 34603010 PMCID: PMC8480473 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.733388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that task-irrelevant sounds deviating from an otherwise predictable auditory sequence capture attention and disrupt ongoing performance by delaying responses in the ongoing task. In visual tasks, larger distraction by unexpected sounds (deviance distraction) has been reported in older than in young adults. However, past studies based this conclusion on the comparisons of absolute response times (RT) and did not control for the general slowing typically observed in older adults. Hence, it remains unclear whether this difference in deviance distraction between the two age groups reflects a genuine effect of aging or a proportional effect of similar size in both groups. We addressed this issue by using a proportional measure of distraction (PMD) to reanalyze the data from four past studies and used Bayesian estimation to generate credible estimates of the age-related difference in deviance distraction and its effect size. The results were unambiguous: older adults exhibited greater deviance distraction than young adults when controlling for baseline response speed (in each individual study and in the combined data set). Bayesian estimation revealed a proportional lengthening of RT by unexpected sounds that was about twice as large in older than in young adults (corresponding to a large statistical effect size). A similar analysis was carried out on the proportion of correct responses (PC) and produced converging results. Finally, an additional Bayesian analysis comparing data from cross-modal and uni-modal studies confirmed the selective effect of aging on distraction in the first and not the second. Overall, our study shows that older adults performing a visual categorization task do exhibit greater distraction by unexpected sounds than young adults and that this effect is not explicable by age-related general slowing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Leiva
- Neuropsychology & Cognition Group, Department of Psychology & Research Institute of Health Sciences (iUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Pilar Andrés
- Neuropsychology & Cognition Group, Department of Psychology & Research Institute of Health Sciences (iUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Fabrice B R Parmentier
- Neuropsychology & Cognition Group, Department of Psychology & Research Institute of Health Sciences (iUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Department of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Golob EJ, Nelson JT, Scheuerman J, Venable KB, Mock JR. Auditory spatial attention gradients and cognitive control as a function of vigilance. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13903. [PMID: 34342887 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Selection and effort are central to attention, yet it is unclear whether they draw on a common pool of cognitive resources, and if so, whether there are differences for early versus later stages of cognitive processing. This study assessed effort by quantifying the vigilance decrement, and spatial processing at early and later stages as a function of time-on-task. Participants performed an auditory spatial attention task, with occasional "catch" trials requiring no response. Psychophysiological measures included bilateral cerebral blood flow (transcranial Doppler), pupil dilation, and blink rate. The shape of attention gradients using reaction time indexed early processing, and did not significantly vary over time. Later stimulus-response conflict was comparable over time, except for a reduction to left hemispace stimuli. Target and catch trial accuracy decreased with time, with a more abrupt decrease for catch versus target trials. Diffusion decision modeling found progressive decreases in information accumulation rate and non-decision time, and the adoption of more liberal response criteria. Cerebral blood flow increased from baseline and then decreased over time, particularly in the left hemisphere. Blink rate steadily increased over time, while pupil dilation increased only at the beginning and then returned towards baseline. The findings suggest dissociations between resources for selectivity and effort. Measures of high subjective effort and temporal declines in catch trial accuracy and cerebral blood flow velocity suggest a standard vigilance decrement was evident in parallel with preserved selection. Different attentional systems and classes of computations that may account for dissociations between selectivity versus effort are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Golob
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jeremy T Nelson
- Military Health Institute, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jaelle Scheuerman
- Department of Computer Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kristen B Venable
- Department of Computer Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, USA.,Department of Intelligent Systems and Robotics, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Mock
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Carvalheiro J, Conceição VA, Mesquita A, Seara-Cardoso A. Acute stress impairs reward learning in men. Brain Cogn 2020; 147:105657. [PMID: 33341656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute stress is ubiquitous in everyday life, but the extent to which acute stress affects how people learn from the outcomes of their choices is still poorly understood. Here, we investigate how acute stress impacts reward and punishment learning in men using a reinforcement-learning task. Sixty-two male participants performed the task whilst under stress and control conditions. We observed that acute stress impaired participants' choice performance towards monetary gains, but not losses. To unravel the mechanism(s) underlying such impairment, we fitted a reinforcement-learning model to participants' trial-by-trial choices. Computational modeling indicated that under acute stress participants learned more slowly from positive prediction errors - when the outcomes were better than expected - consistent with stress-induced dopamine disruptions. Such mechanistic understanding of how acute stress impairs reward learning is particularly important given the pervasiveness of stress in our daily life and the impact that stress can have on our wellbeing and mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Carvalheiro
- Escola de Psicologia, CIPsi, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Vasco A Conceição
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana Mesquita
- Escola de Psicologia, CIPsi, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Ana Seara-Cardoso
- Escola de Psicologia, CIPsi, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mahajan Y, Kim J, Davis C. Does working memory protect against auditory distraction in older adults? BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:515. [PMID: 33256631 PMCID: PMC7708091 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01909-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Past research indicates that when younger adults are engaged in a visual working memory task, they are less distracted by novel auditory stimuli than when engaged in a visual task that does not require working memory. The current study aimed to determine whether working memory affords the same protection to older adults. METHOD We examined behavioral and EEG responses in 16 younger and 16 older adults to distractor sounds when the listeners performed two visual tasks; one that required working memory (W1) and the other that did not (W0). Auditory distractors were presented in an oddball paradigm, participants were exposed to either standard tones (600 Hz: 80%) or various novel environmental sounds (20%). RESULTS It was found that: 1) when presented with novel vs standard sounds, older adults had faster correct response times in the W1 visual task than in the W0 task, indicating that they were less distracted by the novel sound; there was no difference in error rates. Younger adults did not show a task effect for correct response times but made slightly more errors when a novel sound was presented in the W1 task compared to the W0 task. 2) In older adults (but not the younger adults), the amplitude of N1 was smaller in the W1 condition compared to the W0 condition. 3) The working memory manipulation had no effect on MMN amplitude in older adults. 4) For the W1 compared to W0 task, the amplitude of P3a was attenuated for the older adults but not for the younger adults. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that during the working memory manipulation older adults were able to engage working memory to reduce the processing of task-irrelevant sounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yatin Mahajan
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.,The HEARing Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeesun Kim
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Davis
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia. .,The HEARing Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Verbal working memory and co-speech gesture processing. Brain Cogn 2020; 146:105640. [PMID: 33171343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multimodal discourse requires an assembly of cognitive processes that are uniquely recruited for language comprehension in social contexts. In this study, we investigated the role of verbal working memory for the online integration of speech and iconic gestures. Participants memorized and rehearsed a series of auditorily presented digits in low (one digit) or high (four digits) memory load conditions. To observe how verbal working memory load impacts online discourse comprehension, ERPs were recorded while participants watched discourse videos containing either congruent or incongruent speech-gesture combinations during the maintenance portion of the memory task. While expected speech-gesture congruity effects were found in the low memory load condition, high memory load trials elicited enhanced frontal positivities that indicated a unique interaction between online speech-gesture integration and the availability of verbal working memory resources. This work contributes to an understanding of discourse comprehension by demonstrating that language processing in a multimodal context is subject to the relationship between cognitive resource availability and the degree of controlled processing required for task performance. We suggest that verbal working memory is less important for speech-gesture integration than it is for mediating speech processing under high task demands.
Collapse
|
20
|
Dürschmid S, Reichert C, Hinrichs H, Heinze HJ, Kirsch HE, Knight RT, Deouell LY. Direct Evidence for Prediction Signals in Frontal Cortex Independent of Prediction Error. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:4530-4538. [PMID: 30590422 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictive coding (PC) has been suggested as one of the main mechanisms used by brains to interact with complex environments. PC theories posit top-down prediction signals, which are compared with actual outcomes, yielding in turn prediction error (PE) signals, which are used, bottom-up, to modify the ensuing predictions. However, disentangling prediction from PE signals has been challenging. Critically, while many studies found indirect evidence for PC in the form of PE signals, direct evidence for the prediction signal is mostly lacking. Here, we provide clear evidence, obtained from intracranial cortical recordings in human surgical patients, that the human lateral prefrontal cortex evinces prediction signals while anticipating an event. Patients listened to task-irrelevant sequences of repetitive tones including infrequent predictable or unpredictable pitch deviants. The broadband high-frequency amplitude (HFA) was decreased prior to the onset of expected relative to unexpected deviants in the frontal cortex only, and its amplitude was sensitive to the increasing likelihood of deviants following longer trains of standards in the unpredictable condition. Single-trial HFA predicted deviations and correlated with poststimulus response to deviations. These results provide direct evidence for frontal cortex prediction signals independent of PE signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dürschmid
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Reichert
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, Germany.,CBBS-Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Hinrichs
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, Germany.,Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, Germany.,Forschungscampus STIMULATE, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, Germany.,CBBS-Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jochen Heinze
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, Germany.,Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, Germany.,Forschungscampus STIMULATE, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, Germany.,CBBS-Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Heidi E Kirsch
- Department of Neurology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert T Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Leon Y Deouell
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences and Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Proksch S, Comstock DC, Médé B, Pabst A, Balasubramaniam R. Motor and Predictive Processes in Auditory Beat and Rhythm Perception. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:578546. [PMID: 33061902 PMCID: PMC7518112 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.578546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we review recent advances in research on rhythm and musical beat perception, focusing on the role of predictive processes in auditory motor interactions. We suggest that experimental evidence of the motor system's role in beat perception, including in passive listening, may be explained by the generation and maintenance of internal predictive models, concordant with the Active Inference framework of sensory processing. We highlight two complementary hypotheses for the neural underpinnings of rhythm perception: The Action Simulation for Auditory Prediction hypothesis (Patel and Iversen, 2014) and the Gradual Audiomotor Evolution hypothesis (Merchant and Honing, 2014) and review recent experimental progress supporting each of these hypotheses. While initial formulations of ASAP and GAE explain different aspects of beat-based timing-the involvement of motor structures in the absence of movement, and physical entrainment to an auditory beat respectively-we suggest that work under both hypotheses provide converging evidence toward understanding the predictive role of the motor system in the perception of rhythm, and the specific neural mechanisms involved. We discuss future experimental work necessary to further evaluate the causal neural mechanisms underlying beat and rhythm perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Proksch
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience Laboratory, Cognitive & Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Daniel C Comstock
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience Laboratory, Cognitive & Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Butovens Médé
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience Laboratory, Cognitive & Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Alexandria Pabst
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience Laboratory, Cognitive & Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Ramesh Balasubramaniam
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience Laboratory, Cognitive & Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Musical expertise facilitates statistical learning of rhythm and the perceptive uncertainty: A cross-cultural study. Neuropsychologia 2020; 146:107553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
23
|
Cai H, Dent ML. Attention capture in birds performing an auditory streaming task. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235420. [PMID: 32589692 PMCID: PMC7319309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous animal models have been used to investigate the neural mechanisms of auditory processing in complex acoustic environments, but it is unclear whether an animal’s auditory attention is functionally similar to a human’s in processing competing auditory scenes. Here we investigated the effects of attention capture in birds performing an objective auditory streaming paradigm. The classical ABAB… patterned pure tone sequences were modified and used for the task. We trained the birds to selectively attend to a target stream and only respond to the deviant appearing in the target stream, even though their attention may be captured by a deviant in the background stream. When no deviant appeared in the background stream, the birds experience the buildup of streaming process in a qualitatively similar way as they did in a subjective paradigm. Although the birds were trained to selectively attend to the target stream, they failed to avoid the involuntary attention switch caused by the background deviant, especially when the background deviant was sequentially unpredictable. Their global performance deteriorated more with increasingly salient background deviants, where the buildup process was reset by the background distractor. Moreover, sequential predictability of the background deviant facilitated the recovery of the buildup process after attention capture. This is the first study that addresses the perceptual consequences of the joint effects of top-down and bottom-up attention in behaving animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaizhen Cai
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Micheal L. Dent
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Socioeconomic disadvantage, brain morphometry, and attentional bias to threat in middle childhood. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 19:309-326. [PMID: 30460484 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-00670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with higher rates of psychopathology as well as hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex structure. However, little is known about how variations in brain morphometry are associated with socio-emotional risks for mood disorders in children growing up in families experiencing low income. In the current study, using structural magnetic resonance imaging, we examined the relationship between socioeconomic disadvantage and gray matter volume in the hippocampus, amygdala, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in a sample of children (n = 34) in middle childhood. Using an affective dot probe paradigm, we examined the association between gray matter volume in these regions and attentional bias to threat, a risk marker for mood disorders including anxiety disorders. We found that lower income-to-needs ratio was associated with lower bilateral hippocampal and right amygdala volume, but not prefrontal cortex volumes. Moreover, lower attentional bias to threat was associated with greater left hippocampal volume. We provide evidence of a relationship between income-related variations in brain structure and attentional bias to threat, a risk for mood disorders. Therefore, these findings support an environment-morphometry-behavior relationship that contributes to the understanding of income-related mental health disparities in childhood.
Collapse
|
25
|
Context-dependent neural responses to minor notes in frontal and temporal regions distinguish musicians from nonmusicians. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:551-564. [PMID: 32198604 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Musical training is required for individuals to correctly label musical modes using the terms "major" and "minor," whereas no training is required to label these modes as "happy" or "sad." Despite the high accuracy of nonmusicians in happy/sad labeling, previous research suggests that these individuals may exhibit differences in the neural response to the critical note-the note (the third of the relevant key) that defines a melody as major or minor. The current study replicates the presence of a late positive component (LPC) to the minor melody in musicians only. Importantly, we also extend this finding to examine additional neural correlates of critical notes in a melody. Although there was no evidence of an LPC response to a second occurrence of the critical note in either group, there was a strong early right anterior negativity response in the inferior frontal gyrus in musicians in response to the first critical note in the minor mode. This response was sufficient to classify participants based on their musical training group. Furthermore, there were no differences in prefrontal asymmetry in the alpha or beta bands during the critical notes. These findings support the hypothesis that musical training may enhance the neural response to the information content of critical note in a minor scale but not the neural response to the emotional content of a melody.
Collapse
|
26
|
Is deviance distraction immune to the prior sequential learning of stimuli and responses? Psychon Bull Rev 2020; 27:490-497. [PMID: 32128721 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-020-01717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Past studies show that novel, task-irrelevant auditory stimuli, presented in the context of an otherwise repeated standard sound, capture participants' attention away from a focal task, resulting in behavioral distraction. While evidence has shown that making novel sounds predictable reduces or eliminates distraction, it remains unknown whether predictable target stimuli can also shield participants from novelty distraction. Using a serial reaction time task, we installed the learning of a sequence of target stimuli before testing the impact of novel sounds on performance for this sequence compared with a new one. In the learning phase, participants pressed response buttons corresponding to visual cues appearing in one of four spatial locations arranged horizontally. Unbeknownst to participants, the sequence of locations followed a pattern during several blocks before being replaced by a new pattern. The data provided solid evidence of sequence learning for the repeated sequence. In the auditory distraction phase, auditory distractors were presented immediately before each visual target. Novel sounds lengthened response times compared to the standard sound (novelty distraction), equally for learned and new sequences. We conclude that the anticipation of target stimuli and responses does not shield participants from novelty distraction and that the latter is an obligatory attentional effect.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Evoked potentials provide valuable insight into brain processes that are integral to our ability to interact effectively and efficiently in the world. The mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the evoked potential has proven highly informative on the ways in which sensitivity to regularity contributes to perception and cognition. This review offers a compendium of research on MMN with a view to scaffolding an appreciation for its use as a tool to explore the way regularities contribute to predictions about the sensory environment over many timescales. In compiling this work, interest in MMN as an index of sensory encoding and memory are addressed, as well as attention. Perspectives on the possible underlying computational processes are reviewed as well as recent observations that invite consideration of how MMN relates to how we learn, what we learn, and why.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Fitzgerald
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Juanita Todd
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Parmentier FBR, Fraga I, Leiva A, Ferré P. Distraction by deviant sounds: disgusting and neutral words capture attention to the same extent. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019; 84:1801-1814. [PMID: 31053888 PMCID: PMC7478951 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-019-01192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have argued that words evoking negative emotions, such as disgust, grab attention more than neutral words, and leave traces in memory that are more persistent. However, these conclusions are typically based on tasks requiring participants to process the semantic content of these words in a voluntarily manner. We sought to compare the involuntary attention grabbing power of disgusting and neutral words using them as rare and unexpected auditory distractors in a cross-modal oddball task, and then probing the participants’ memory for these stimuli in a surprise recognition task. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses converged to show that, compared to a standard tone, disgusting and neutral auditory words produced significant but equivalent levels of distraction in a visual categorization task, that they elicited comparable levels of memory discriminability in the incidental recognition task, and that the participants’ individual sensitivity to disgust did not influence the results. Our results suggest that distraction by unexpected words is not modulated by their emotional valence, at least when these words are task-irrelevant and are temporally and perceptually decoupled from the target stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice B R Parmentier
- Department of Psychology and Research Institute for Health Sciences (iUNICS), Ed. Cientifico-Tecnico (iUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra de Valldemossa, km 75, 07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain. .,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain. .,School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Isabel Fraga
- Cognitive Processes and Behavior Research Group, Department of Social Psychology, Basic Psychology and Methodology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alicia Leiva
- Department of Psychology and Research Institute for Health Sciences (iUNICS), Ed. Cientifico-Tecnico (iUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra de Valldemossa, km 75, 07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Pilar Ferré
- Department of Psychology and CRAMC, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Predictive Processes and the Peculiar Case of Music. Trends Cogn Sci 2019; 23:63-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
30
|
Takács E, Barkaszi I, Altbäcker A, Czigler I, Balázs L. Cognitive resilience after prolonged task performance: an ERP investigation. Exp Brain Res 2018; 237:377-388. [PMID: 30413843 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Deleterious consequences of cognitive fatigue might be avoided if people respond with increased effort to increased demands. In this study, we hypothesized that the effects of fatigue would be more pronounced in cognitive functions reflecting compensatory effort. Given that the P3a event-related potential is sensitive to the direction and amount of attention allocated to a stimulus array, we reasoned that compensatory effort would manifest in increased P3a amplitudes. Therefore, we compared P3a before (pre-test) and after (post-test) a 2 h long cognitively demanding (fatigue group, n = 18) or undemanding task (control group, n = 18). Two auditory tasks, a three-stimulus novelty oddball and a duration discrimination two-choice response task were presented to elicit P3a. In the fatigue group, we used the multi-attribute task battery as a fatigue-inducing task. This task draws on a broad array of attentional functions and imposed considerable workload. The control group watched mood-neutral documentary films. The fatigue manipulation was effective as subjective fatigue increased significantly in the fatigue group compared to controls. Contrary to expectations, however, fatigue failed to affect P3a in the post-test phase. Similar null effects were obtained for other neurobehavioral measures (P3b and behavioral performance). Results indicate that a moderate increase in subjective fatigue does not hinder cognitive functions profoundly. The lack of objective performance loss in the present study suggests that the cognitive system can be resilient against challenges instigated by demanding task performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Endre Takács
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. .,Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. .,Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Irén Barkaszi
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Altbäcker
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Czigler
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Balázs
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang C, Yang Z, Cao F, Liu L, Tao S. Letter-sound integration in native Chinese speakers learning English: Brain fails in automatic responses but succeeds with more attention. Cogn Neurosci 2018; 10:100-116. [PMID: 30270811 DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2018.1529665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Both native language background and second-language proficiency may shape brain responses to a second language. Using cross-modal mismatch negativity (MMN) (pre-attentive processing) and audiovisual P300 (attentive processing) paradigms, this study examined how native Chinese speakers with various second-language proficiency responded to English letter-sound integration and what role visual attention may play in this process. The results indicated that native Chinese speakers failed to integrate letters and sounds in pre-attentive stage of reading, regardless of their English proficiency level, in contrast to the successful letter-sound integration shown by native English speakers. With more explicit visual attention resources, native Chinese speakers integrated English letters and sounds just as successfully as native English speakers did. These findings suggest that native language background may exert profound constraints on automatic brain responses to a second language, and attention may help the brain overcome these constraints and respond as required by the second language.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , China
| | - Zhen Yang
- b Department of Psychology , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Fan Cao
- c Department of Psychology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China.,d School of Humanities and Social Science , the Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen , China
| | - Li Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , China
| | - Sha Tao
- a State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Potter RF, Sites J, Jamison-Koenig E, Zheng X. The Impact of Cognitive Load on the Cardiac Orienting Response to Auditory Structural Features during Natural Radio Listening Situations. J Cogn 2018; 1:39. [PMID: 31517212 PMCID: PMC6634355 DOI: 10.5334/joc.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that structural features such as voice changes, jingle onsets, and production effects in a radio broadcast elicit cardiac orienting responses. In fact, the voice change has been shown to reliably elicit orienting without habituation after several repetitions. However, repeated onsets of two other auditory structural features-jingles and production effects-did result in habituation when the participant was exposed to them embedded in an audio production absent a central cognitive task. This article presents two experiments testing the possibility that adding a central task prevents the development of a robust neural model of the auditory structural features necessary for habituation. In both studies, results show that adding a primary cognitive task eliminated habituation to jingles and production effects. However, varying the cognitive load of the primary task across two levels of difficulty had no significant effect on habituation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua Sites
- The Media School, Indiana University, Bloomington, US
| | | | - Xia Zheng
- The Media School, Indiana University, Bloomington, US
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chang A, Bosnyak DJ, Trainor LJ. Beta oscillatory power modulation reflects the predictability of pitch change. Cortex 2018; 106:248-260. [PMID: 30053731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Humans process highly dynamic auditory information in real time, and regularities in stimuli such as speech and music can aid such processing by allowing sensory predictions for upcoming events. Auditory sequences contain information about both the identity of sounds (what) and their timing (when they occur). Temporal prediction in isochronous sequences is reflected in neural oscillatory power modulation in the beta band (∼20 Hz). Specifically, power decreases (desynchronization) after tone onset and then increases (resynchronization) to reach a maximum around the expected time of the next tone. The current study investigates whether the predictability of the pitch of a tone (what) is also reflected in beta power modulation. We presented two isochronous auditory oddball sequences, each with 20% of tones at a deviant pitch. In one sequence the deviant tones occurred regularly every fifth tone (predictably), but in the other sequence they occurred pseudorandomly (unpredictably). We recorded the electroencephalogram (EEG) while participants listened passively to these sequences. The results showed that auditory beta power desynchronization was larger prior to a predictable than an unpredictable pitch change. A single-trial correlation analysis using linear mixed-effect (LME) models further showed that the deeper the pre-deviant beta desynchronization depth, the smaller the event-related P3a amplitude following the deviant, and this effect only occurred when the pitch change was predictable. Given that P3a is associated with attentional response to prediction error, larger beta desynchronization depth indicates better prediction of an upcoming deviant pitch. Thus, these findings suggest that beta oscillations reflect predictions for what in additional to when during dynamic auditory information processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Chang
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dan J Bosnyak
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; McMaster Institute for Music and the Mind, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Laurel J Trainor
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; McMaster Institute for Music and the Mind, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
File D, Sulykos I, Czigler I. Automatic change detection and spatial attention: a visual mismatch negativity study. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 52:4423-4431. [PMID: 29766590 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) is the electrophysiological correlate of automatic detection of unattended changes in the visual environment. However, vMMNs' relatedness to spatial attention has not been explicitly tested. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of spatial attention on the vMMN event-related potential component. To this end, participants were instructed to fixate and attend to task-related stimuli. In an oddball sequence, offset stimuli were applied, i.e., from time-to time, the two sides of permanently presented objects disappeared. Distance between the task-related and unrelated events resulted in the typical finding of spatial attention; the amplitude of the N1 component was larger at the shorter distance between the two kinds of events. VMMN was elicited by the deviant vanishing parts, with no reliable effect of distance between the task-field and vMMN-related stimuli. In terms of the difference potentials, vMMN was followed by a positive posterior component in the 270-330 ms range. This positivity was much larger when the task-field was close to vMMN-related stimuli. The reappearance of the vanishing parts was also investigated. The reappearance of the whole objects after a deviant offset elicited vMMN but only when the task-field was close to the oddball sequence. We concluded that infrequently vanishing parts of objects are detected automatically. However, these deviant events initiate orientation only if the objects are close to the field of task-relevant events. Similarly, automatic registration of the rare but expected events are registered only in the visual field close to the focus of attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domonkos File
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Centre for Natural Sciences, HAS, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Sulykos
- Centre for Natural Sciences, HAS, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Czigler
- Centre for Natural Sciences, HAS, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yu YH, Shafer VL, Sussman ES. The Duration of Auditory Sensory Memory for Vowel Processing: Neurophysiological and Behavioral Measures. Front Psychol 2018; 9:335. [PMID: 29623054 PMCID: PMC5874311 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Speech perception behavioral research suggests that rates of sensory memory decay are dependent on stimulus properties at more than one level (e.g., acoustic level, phonemic level). The neurophysiology of sensory memory decay rate has rarely been examined in the context of speech processing. In a lexical tone study, we showed that long-term memory representation of lexical tone slows the decay rate of sensory memory for these tones. Here, we tested the hypothesis that long-term memory representation of vowels slows the rate of auditory sensory memory decay in a similar way to that of lexical tone. Event-related potential (ERP) responses were recorded to Mandarin non-words contrasting the vowels /i/ vs. /u/ and /y/ vs. /u/ from first-language (L1) Mandarin and L1 American English participants under short and long interstimulus interval (ISI) conditions (short ISI: an average of 575 ms, long ISI: an average of 2675 ms). Results revealed poorer discrimination of the vowel contrasts for English listeners than Mandarin listeners, but with different patterns for behavioral perception and neural discrimination. As predicted, English listeners showed the poorest discrimination and identification for the vowel contrast /y/ vs. /u/, and poorer performance in the long ISI condition. In contrast to Yu et al. (2017), however, we found no effect of ISI reflected in the neural responses, specifically the mismatch negativity (MMN), P3a and late negativity ERP amplitudes. We did see a language group effect, with Mandarin listeners generally showing larger MMN and English listeners showing larger P3a. The behavioral results revealed that native language experience plays a role in echoic sensory memory trace maintenance, but the failure to find an effect of ISI on the ERP results suggests that vowel and lexical tone memory traces decay at different rates. Highlights: We examined the interaction between auditory sensory memory decay and language experience. We compared MMN, P3a, LN and behavioral responses in short vs. long interstimulus intervals. We found that different from lexical tone contrast, MMN, P3a, and LN changes to vowel contrasts are not influenced by lengthening the ISI to 2.6 s. We also found that the English listeners discriminated the non-native vowel contrast with lower accuracy under the long ISI condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan H Yu
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Valerie L Shafer
- Ph.D. Program in Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elyse S Sussman
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rosburg T, Weigl M, Thiel R, Mager R. The event-related potential component P3a is diminished by identical deviance repetition, but not by non-identical repetitions. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:1519-1530. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
37
|
Abstract
Sequence learning plays a key role in many daily activities such as language and skills acquisition. The present study sought to assess the nature of the Hebb repetition effect—the enhanced serial recall for a repeated sequence of items compared to random sequences—by examining the vulnerability of this classical sequence-learning phenomenon to auditory distraction. Sound can cause unwanted distraction by either interfering specifically with the processes involved in the focal task (interference-by-process), or by diverting attention away from a focal task (attentional capture). Participants were asked to perform visual serial recall, in which one to-be-remembered sequence was repeated every four trials, while ignoring irrelevant sound. Whereas both changing-state (Experiment 1) and deviant sounds (Experiment 2) disrupted recall performance compared to steady-state sounds, performance for the repeated sequence increased across repetitions at the same rate regardless of the sound condition. Such findings suggest that Hebbian sequence learning is impervious to environmental interference, which provides further evidence that the Hebb repetition effect is an analogue of word-form learning.
Collapse
|
38
|
Marois A, Labonté K, Parent M, Vachon F. Eyes have ears: Indexing the orienting response to sound using pupillometry. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 123:152-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
39
|
Pollak SD. The Emergence of Emotion. MINNESOTA SYMPOSIA ON CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119466864.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
40
|
Gaston J, Dickerson K, Hipp D, Gerhardstein P. Change deafness for real spatialized environmental scenes. COGNITIVE RESEARCH-PRINCIPLES AND IMPLICATIONS 2017; 2:29. [PMID: 28680950 PMCID: PMC5487906 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-017-0066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The everyday auditory environment is complex and dynamic; often, multiple sounds co-occur and compete for a listener’s cognitive resources. ‘Change deafness’, framed as the auditory analog to the well-documented phenomenon of ‘change blindness’, describes the finding that changes presented within complex environments are often missed. The present study examines a number of stimulus factors that may influence change deafness under real-world listening conditions. Specifically, an AX (same-different) discrimination task was used to examine the effects of both spatial separation over a loudspeaker array and the type of change (sound source additions and removals) on discrimination of changes embedded in complex backgrounds. Results using signal detection theory and accuracy analyses indicated that, under most conditions, errors were significantly reduced for spatially distributed relative to non-spatial scenes. A second goal of the present study was to evaluate a possible link between memory for scene contents and change discrimination. Memory was evaluated by presenting a cued recall test following each trial of the discrimination task. Results using signal detection theory and accuracy analyses indicated that recall ability was similar in terms of accuracy, but there were reductions in sensitivity compared to previous reports. Finally, the present study used a large and representative sample of outdoor, urban, and environmental sounds, presented in unique combinations of nearly 1000 trials per participant. This enabled the exploration of the relationship between change perception and the perceptual similarity between change targets and background scene sounds. These (post hoc) analyses suggest both a categorical and a stimulus-level relationship between scene similarity and the magnitude of change errors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Gaston
- Army Research Laboratory, Human Research and Engineering Directorate, Adelphi, MD USA
| | - Kelly Dickerson
- Army Research Laboratory, Human Research and Engineering Directorate, Adelphi, MD USA
| | - Daniel Hipp
- Army Research Laboratory, Human Research and Engineering Directorate, Adelphi, MD USA
| | - Peter Gerhardstein
- Army Research Laboratory, Human Research and Engineering Directorate, Adelphi, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bell R, Röer JP, Marsh JE, Storch D, Buchner A. The Effect of Cognitive Control on Different Types of Auditory Distraction. Exp Psychol 2017; 64:359-368. [PMID: 28662612 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Deviant as well as changing auditory distractors interfere with short-term memory. According to the duplex model of auditory distraction, the deviation effect is caused by a shift of attention while the changing-state effect is due to obligatory order processing. This theory predicts that foreknowledge should reduce the deviation effect, but should have no effect on the changing-state effect. We compared the effect of foreknowledge on the two phenomena directly within the same experiment. In a pilot study, specific foreknowledge was impotent in reducing either the changing-state effect or the deviation effect, but it reduced disruption by sentential speech, suggesting that the effects of foreknowledge on auditory distraction may increase with the complexity of the stimulus material. Given the unexpected nature of this finding, we tested whether the same finding would be obtained in (a) a direct preregistered replication in Germany and (b) an additional replication with translated stimulus materials in Sweden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Bell
- 1 Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan P Röer
- 1 Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - John E Marsh
- 2 Department of Environmental Psychology, University of Gävle, Sweden.,3 Department of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Dunja Storch
- 1 Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Axel Buchner
- 1 Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ruhnau P, Schröger E, Sussman ES. Implicit expectations influence target detection in children and adults. Dev Sci 2017; 20:10.1111/desc.12402. [PMID: 26841104 PMCID: PMC10614135 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
When a sound occurs at a predictable time, it gets processed more efficiently. Predictability of the temporal structure of acoustic inflow has been found to influence the P3b of event-related potentials in young adults, such that highly predictable compared to less predictable input leads to earlier P3b peak latencies. In our study, we wanted to investigate the influence of predictability on target processing indexed by the P3b in children (10-12 years old) and young adults. To do that, we used an oddball paradigm with two conditions of predictability (high and low). In the High-predictability condition, a high-pitched target tone occurred most of the time in the fifth position of a five-tone pattern (after four low-pitched non-target sounds), whereas in the Low-predictability condition, no such rule was implemented. The target tone occurred randomly following 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 non-target tones. In both age groups, reaction time to predictable targets was faster than to non-predictable targets. Remarkably, this effect was largest in children. Consistent with the behavioral responses, the onset latency of the P3b response elicited by targets in both groups was earlier in the predictable than the unpredictable conditions. However, only the children had significantly earlier peak latency responses for predictable targets. Our results demonstrate that target stimulus predictability increases processing speed in children and adults even when predictability was only implicitly derived by the stimulus statistics. Children did have larger effects of predictability, seeming to benefit more from predictability for target detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Ruhnau
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Elyse S. Sussman
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Holmes E, Kitterick PT, Summerfield AQ. EEG activity evoked in preparation for multi-talker listening by adults and children. Hear Res 2016; 336:83-100. [PMID: 27178442 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Selective attention is critical for successful speech perception because speech is often encountered in the presence of other sounds, including the voices of competing talkers. Faced with the need to attend selectively, listeners perceive speech more accurately when they know characteristics of upcoming talkers before they begin to speak. However, the neural processes that underlie the preparation of selective attention for voices are not fully understood. The current experiments used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the time course of brain activity during preparation for an upcoming talker in young adults aged 18-27 years with normal hearing (Experiments 1 and 2) and in typically-developing children aged 7-13 years (Experiment 3). Participants reported key words spoken by a target talker when an opposite-gender distractor talker spoke simultaneously. The two talkers were presented from different spatial locations (±30° azimuth). Before the talkers began to speak, a visual cue indicated either the location (left/right) or the gender (male/female) of the target talker. Adults evoked preparatory EEG activity that started shortly after (<50 ms) the visual cue was presented and was sustained until the talkers began to speak. The location cue evoked similar preparatory activity in Experiments 1 and 2 with different samples of participants. The gender cue did not evoke preparatory activity when it predicted gender only (Experiment 1) but did evoke preparatory activity when it predicted the identity of a specific talker with greater certainty (Experiment 2). Location cues evoked significant preparatory EEG activity in children but gender cues did not. The results provide converging evidence that listeners evoke consistent preparatory brain activity for selecting a talker by their location (regardless of their gender or identity), but not by their gender alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Holmes
- Department of Psychology, University of York, UK.
| | - Padraig T Kitterick
- NIHR Nottingham Hearing Biomedical Research Unit, UK; Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - A Quentin Summerfield
- Department of Psychology, University of York, UK; Hull York Medical School, University of York, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Volosin M, Grimm S, Horváth J. Exploiting temporal predictability: Event-related potential correlates of task-supportive temporal cue processing in auditory distraction. Brain Res 2016; 1639:120-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
45
|
Scheer M, Bülthoff HH, Chuang LL. Steering Demands Diminish the Early-P3, Late-P3 and RON Components of the Event-Related Potential of Task-Irrelevant Environmental Sounds. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:73. [PMID: 26973494 PMCID: PMC4771765 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigates the demands that steering places on mental resources. Instead of a conventional dual-task paradigm, participants of this study were only required to perform a steering task while task-irrelevant auditory distractor probes (environmental sounds and beep tones) were intermittently presented. The event-related potentials (ERPs), which were generated by these probes, were analyzed for their sensitivity to the steering task's demands. The steering task required participants to counteract unpredictable roll disturbances and difficulty was manipulated either by adjusting the bandwidth of the roll disturbance or by varying the complexity of the control dynamics. A mass univariate analysis revealed that steering selectively diminishes the amplitudes of early P3, late P3, and the re-orientation negativity (RON) to task-irrelevant environmental sounds but not to beep tones. Our findings are in line with a three-stage distraction model, which interprets these ERPs to reflect the post-sensory detection of the task-irrelevant stimulus, engagement, and re-orientation back to the steering task. This interpretation is consistent with our manipulations for steering difficulty. More participants showed diminished amplitudes for these ERPs in the "hard" steering condition relative to the "easy" condition. To sum up, the current work identifies the spatiotemporal ERP components of task-irrelevant auditory probes that are sensitive to steering demands on mental resources. This provides a non-intrusive method for evaluating mental workload in novel steering environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menja Scheer
- Department of Perception, Cognition and Action, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heinrich H Bülthoff
- Department of Perception, Cognition and Action, Max Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsTübingen, Germany; Department of Cognitive and Brain Engineering, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Lewis L Chuang
- Department of Perception, Cognition and Action, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Guo S, Koelsch S. Effects of veridical expectations on syntax processing in music: Event-related potential evidence. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19064. [PMID: 26780880 PMCID: PMC4726113 DOI: 10.1038/srep19064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous past studies have investigated neurophysiological correlates of music-syntactic processing. However, only little is known about how prior knowledge about an upcoming syntactically irregular event modulates brain correlates of music-syntactic processing. Two versions of a short chord sequence were presented repeatedly to non-musicians (n = 20) and musicians (n = 20). One sequence version ended on a syntactically regular chord, and the other one ended on a syntactically irregular chord. Participants were either informed (cued condition), or not informed (non-cued condition) about whether the sequence would end on the regular or the irregular chord. Results indicate that in the cued condition (compared to the non-cued condition) the peak latency of the early right anterior negativity (ERAN), elicited by irregular chords, was earlier in both non-musicians and musicians. However, the expectations due to the knowledge about the upcoming event (veridical expectations) did not influence the amplitude of the ERAN. These results suggest that veridical expectations modulate only the speed, but not the principle mechanisms, of music-syntactic processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Guo
- Department of Educational Sciences &Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Stefan Koelsch
- Department of Educational Sciences &Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wiens S, Szychowska M, Nilsson ME. Visual Task Demands and the Auditory Mismatch Negativity: An Empirical Study and a Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146567. [PMID: 26741815 PMCID: PMC4704804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Because the auditory system is particularly useful in monitoring the environment, previous research has examined whether task-irrelevant, auditory distracters are processed even if subjects focus their attention on visual stimuli. This research suggests that attentionally demanding visual tasks decrease the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) to simultaneously presented auditory distractors. Because a recent behavioral study found that high visual perceptual load decreased detection sensitivity of simultaneous tones, we used a similar task (n = 28) to determine if high visual perceptual load would reduce the auditory MMN. Results suggested that perceptual load did not decrease the MMN. At face value, these nonsignificant findings may suggest that effects of perceptual load on the MMN are smaller than those of other demanding visual tasks. If so, effect sizes should differ systematically between the present and previous studies. We conducted a selective meta-analysis of published studies in which the MMN was derived from the EEG, the visual task demands were continuous and varied between high and low within the same task, and the task-irrelevant tones were presented in a typical oddball paradigm simultaneously with the visual stimuli. Because the meta-analysis suggested that the present (null) findings did not differ systematically from previous findings, the available evidence was combined. Results of this meta-analysis confirmed that demanding visual tasks reduce the MMN to auditory distracters. However, because the meta-analysis was based on small studies and because of the risk for publication biases, future studies should be preregistered with large samples (n > 150) to provide confirmatory evidence for the results of the present meta-analysis. These future studies should also use control conditions that reduce confounding effects of neural adaptation, and use load manipulations that are defined independently from their effects on the MMN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wiens
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Malina Szychowska
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Acoustics, Department of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mats E. Nilsson
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pacheco-Unguetti AP, Gelabert JM, Parmentier FBR. Can auditory deviant stimuli temporarily suspend cognitive processing? Evidence from patients with anxiety. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2016; 69:150-60. [DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2015.1031145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
While anxiety is typically thought to increase distractibility, this notion mostly derives from studies using emotionally loaded distractors presented in the same modality as the target stimuli and tasks involving crosstalk interference. We examined whether pathological anxiety might also increase distractibility for emotionally neutral irrelevant sounds presented prior to target stimuli in a task where these stimuli do not compete for selection. Patients with anxiety and control participants categorized visual digits preceded by task-irrelevant sounds that changed on rare trials (auditory deviance). Both groups exhibited an equivalent increase in response times following a deviant sound but patients showed a reduction of response accuracy, which was entirely due to an increase in response omissions. We conclude that the involuntary capture of attention by unexpected stimuli may, in patients with anxiety, result in a temporary suspension of cognitive activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia P. Pacheco-Unguetti
- Department of Psychology & Institute of Health Sciences (iUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Palma, Spain
| | - Joan Miquel Gelabert
- Department of Psychology & Institute of Health Sciences (iUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Quirón Palmaplanas Hospital, Palma, Spain
| | - Fabrice B. R. Parmentier
- Department of Psychology & Institute of Health Sciences (iUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Palma, Spain
- School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hughes RW. Auditory distraction: A duplex-mechanism account. Psych J 2015; 3:30-41. [PMID: 26271638 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A body of laboratory work is reviewed suggesting that auditory distraction comes in two functionally distinct forms. Interference-by-process is produced when the involuntary processing of the sound competes with a similar process applied deliberately to perform a focal task. In contrast, attentional capture is produced when the sound causes a disengagement of attention away from the prevailing task, regardless of the task processes involved. Particular attention is devoted to reviewing a range of converging evidence from both experimental and individual- and group-differences-based research, indicating that auditory attentional capture is controllable via greater top-down task engagement whereas interference-by-process is not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Hughes
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Max C, Widmann A, Schröger E, Sussman E. Effects of explicit knowledge and predictability on auditory distraction and target performance. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 98:174-81. [PMID: 26386396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study tested effects of task requirements and knowledge on auditory distraction effects. This was done by comparing the response to a pitch change (an irrelevant, distracting tone feature) that occurred predictably in a tone sequence (every 5th tone) under different task conditions. The same regular sound sequence was presented with task conditions varying in what information the participant was given about the predictability of the pitch change, and when this information was relevant for the task to be performed. In all conditions, participants performed a tone duration judgment task. Behavioral and event-related brain potential (ERP) measures were obtained to measure distraction effects and deviance detection. Predictable deviants produced behavioral distraction effects in all conditions. However, the P3a amplitude evoked by the predictable pitch change was largest when participants were uninformed about the regular structure of the sound sequence, showing an effect of knowledge on involuntary orienting of attention. In contrast, the mismatch negativity (MMN) component was only modulated when the regularity was relevant for the task and not by stimulus predictability itself. P3a and behavioral indices of distraction were not fully concordant. Overall, our results show differential effects of knowledge and predictability on auditory distraction effects indexed by neurophysiological (P3a) and behavioral measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Max
- Institute for Psychology, University of Leipzig, Neumarkt 9-19, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Widmann
- Institute for Psychology, University of Leipzig, Neumarkt 9-19, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erich Schröger
- Institute for Psychology, University of Leipzig, Neumarkt 9-19, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elyse Sussman
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|