[Sex-specific associations between tobacco smoking and risk of cardiovascular diseases in Chinese adults]

The effect of exercise intensity types on the self-rated health status of young-old comorbidities patients: a cross-sectional study in Guangdong, China

Objective

Explore the effect of different types of exercise intensity on the self-rated health status of young-old comorbid patients with cardiovascular disease and metabolic disease, as well as the differences in effect among different genders. Provide more references and suggestions for chronic disease management in older comorbidities patients based on the results of the study.

Methods

A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select older (≥60 years old) comorbidities patients from communities in Guangdong Province as the survey subjects. Using the "Survey Questionnaire on the Current Status and Influencing Factors of older Comorbidities Patients," face-to-face interviews were conducted with 1,300 old patients. Data from 965 young-old patients (aged 60-74) who simultaneously suffered from cardiovascular and metabolic diseases were selected. Unordered multifactor Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between the type of exercise intensity and self-rated health. Stratified analysis was performed based on gender.

Results

The results of unordered multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with young-old comorbidities patients with poor self-rated of health status, young-old comorbidities patients who underwent vigorous-intensity exercise were more likely to have better self-rated of health status (OR = 4.368, 95% CI: 2.491-7.661, p < 0.05). Stratified analysis based on gender showed that for young-old comorbidities male patients, those who engaged in vigorous-intensity exercise were more likely to have better self-rated of health status (OR = 2.924, 95% CI = 1.266-6.751, p < 0.05); for young-old comorbidities female patients, those who were encouraged by their family to exercise (OR = 2.460, 95% CI: 1.143-5.291, p < 0.05), participate in social activities (OR = 6.173, 95% CI: 2.285-16.678, p < 0.05), and engage in vigorous-intensity (OR = 4.232, 95% CI: 1.869-9.583, p < 0.05) or moderate-intensity exercise (OR = 4.555, 95% CI: 1.825-11.368, p < 0.05) were more likely to have better self-rated of health status.

Conclusion

If the physical condition allows, vigorous-intensity exercise has a significant positive effect on the self-rated of health status of young-old comorbidities patients with cardiovascular disease and metabolic disease. Specifically, for young-old comorbidities male patients, those who engage in vigorous-intensity exercise are more likely to self-evaluate their health as good; for young-old comorbidities female patients, both vigorous-intensity and moderate-intensity exercise can improve their self-rated of health status.

Association of smoking with coronary artery disease in Nepalese populations: a case control study

There are well-known traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). Among them, smoking is one of the most prominent and modifiable risk factors. This study aims to determine the magnitude of smoking as a risk factor for CAD in the Nepalese population. A hospital-based age- and sex-matched case-control study was carried out with a total of 612 respondents. Bivariate analysis showed that the risk of developing CAD in ex-smokers and current smokers was higher (odds ratio (OR): 1.81 (confidence interval (CI): 1.21-2.7) and OR: 5.2 (CI: 3.4-7.97)), with p-values less than 0.004 and <0.00001, respectively, compared to the risk in never smokers. From stratified socio-demographic, cardio-metabolic, behavioural and psychosocial risk factor analysis, smoking was found to be associated with CAD in almost all subgroups. In the subsequent multivariate analysis, adjustment for socio-demographic, cardio-metabolic and psychosocial risk factors showed a steady increase in risk. However, further adjustment for behavioural risk factors (alcohol use and physical activity) showed that the risk was attenuated by 59% in current smokers. After adjusting for the covariates, current smokers and ex-smokers had an increased risk of CAD (OR: 6.64, 95% CI: 3.64-12.12, p < 0.00001; OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.08-3.31, p < 0.012, respectively) compared with non-smokers. In conclusion, smoking was found to increase the risk of CAD in the Nepalese population.

A retrospective study of smoking cessation intervention among university students

This retrospective study investigated the effect of smoking cessation intervention (SCI) among university students in China.Around 192 eligible smokers among university students were included, and were assigned to an intervention group (n = 100), and a control group (n = 92). All included subjects in both groups were recommended to increase fruits and vegetables consumptions. Additionally, participants in the intervention group also underwent SCI therapy for a total of 4 weeks. The outcome measurements consisted of a number of students quit smoking, daily cigarettes, quit attempts, mean days of smoking in the past 30 days, and also stage of change.After 4-week treatment, SCI neither can decrease the number of students quit smoking (P = .21), daily cigarettes (P = .21), quit attempts (P = .07), and mean days of smoking in past 30 days (P = .77), nor can enhance the stage of change (precontemplation, P = .18; contemplation, P = .59; preparation, P = .46).The results of this study showed that after 4-week therapy, SCI may be ineffective for smokers among university students in Chinese.