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Kamali Dolatabadi R, Fazeli H, Emami MH, Karbasizade V, Maghool F, Fahim A, Rahimi H. Phenotypicand Genotypic Characterization of Clinical Isolates of Intracellular Adherent–Invasive Escherichia coli Among Different Stages, Family History, and Treated Colorectal Cancer Patients in Iran. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:938477. [PMID: 35899040 PMCID: PMC9309365 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.938477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence showing that microbial dysbiosis impacts the health and cancer risk of the host. An association between adherent–invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) has been revealed. Cyclomodulins (CMs) have been receiving increasing attention for carcinogenic changes. In this study, the incidence and features of intracellular AIEC and cyclomodulin-encoding genes were investigated and the phylogenetic grouping and genetic relatedness were evaluated. E. coli strains were isolated from the colorectal biopsies. Adhesion and invasion assays and intramacrophage cell survival test were performed to separate the AIEC isolates. Virulence genotyping for the genes htrA, dsbA, chuA, and lpfA and the cyclomodulin toxins was also conducted. In addition, phylogenetic grouping of the isolates was determined. Subsequently, repetitive element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprinting was performed. A total of 24 AIEC pathovars were isolated from 150 patients. The prevalence rates of htr, dsbA, and lpfA were 70.83% and that of chuA was 91.66%. The frequencies of the cyclomodulin toxins were as follows: cnf1, 29.2%; cnf2, 25%; colibactin, 29.2%; and cdt, 4.2%; cif was not found. Among the AIEC isolates, 4.2%, 4.2%, 54.2%, 29.2%, and 8.3% with phylotypes A or C, B1, B2, D, and E were identified, respectively. Left-sided colon carcinoma and adenocarcinoma T≥1 stage (CRC2) were colonized by B2 phylogroup AIEC-producing CMs more often than the samples from the other groups. Close genetic relatedness was observed in AIEC isolates with rep-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razie Kamali Dolatabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Fazeli
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Hossein Fazeli,
| | - Mohammad Hassan Emami
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vajihe Karbasizade
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Maghool
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Fahim
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hojatollah Rahimi
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Duijster JW, Franz E, Neefjes J, Mughini-Gras L. Bacterial and Parasitic Pathogens as Risk Factors for Cancers in the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Review of Current Epidemiological Knowledge. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:790256. [PMID: 34956157 PMCID: PMC8692736 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.790256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic potential of viral infections is well established and documented for many years already. However, the contribution of (commensal) bacteria and parasites to the development and progression of cancers has only recently gained momentum, resulting in a rapid growth of publications on the topic. Indeed, various bacteria and parasites have been suggested to play a role in the development of gastrointestinal cancer in particular. Therefore, an overview of the current epidemiological knowledge on the association between infections with bacteria and parasites and cancers of the gastrointestinal tract is needed. In this review, we summarized the methodological characteristics and main results of epidemiological studies investigating the association of 10 different bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis, Campylobacter spp., Clostridium spp., Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, non-typhoidal Salmonella, Salmonella Typhi, and Streptococcus spp.) and three parasites (Cryptosporidium spp., Schistosoma spp., and Strongyloides stercoralis) with gastrointestinal cancer. While the large body of studies based on microbiome sequencing provides valuable insights into the relative abundance of different bacterial taxa in cancer patients as compared to individuals with pre-malignant conditions or healthy controls, more research is needed to fulfill Koch's postulates, possibly making use of follow-up data, to assess the complex role of bacterial and parasitic infections in cancer epidemiology. Studies incorporating follow-up time between detection of the bacterium or parasite and cancer diagnosis remain valuable as these allow for estimation of cause-effect relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke W. Duijster
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eelco Franz
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lapo Mughini-Gras
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Vacante M, Ciuni R, Basile F, Biondi A. Gut Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer Development: A Closer Look to the Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequence. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E489. [PMID: 33182693 PMCID: PMC7697438 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is wide evidence that CRC could be prevented by regular physical activity, keeping a healthy body weight, and following a healthy and balanced diet. Many sporadic CRCs develop via the traditional adenoma-carcinoma pathway, starting as premalignant lesions represented by conventional, tubular or tubulovillous adenomas. The gut bacteria play a crucial role in regulating the host metabolism and also contribute to preserve intestinal barrier function and an effective immune response against pathogen colonization. The microbiota composition is different among people, and is conditioned by many environmental factors, such as diet, chemical exposure, and the use of antibiotic or other medication. The gut microbiota could be directly involved in the development of colorectal adenomas and the subsequent progression to CRC. Specific gut bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, could be involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. Potential mechanisms of CRC progression may include DNA damage, promotion of chronic inflammation, and release of bioactive carcinogenic metabolites. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on the role of the gut microbiota in the development of CRC, and discuss major mechanisms of microbiota-related progression of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vacante
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.C.); (F.B.); (A.B.)
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Iyadorai T, Mariappan V, Vellasamy KM, Wanyiri JW, Roslani AC, Lee GK, Sears C, Vadivelu J. Prevalence and association of pks+ Escherichia coli with colorectal cancer in patients at the University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228217. [PMID: 31990962 PMCID: PMC6986756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) from the B2 phylogenetic group is implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) as it possesses a genomic island, termed polyketide synthetase (pks), which codes for the synthesis of colibactin, a genotoxin that induces DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, mutations and chromosomal instability in eukaryotic cells. The aim of this study was to detect and compare the prevalence of E. coli expressing pks (pks+E. coli) in CRC patients and healthy controls followed by investigating the virulence triggered by pks+E. coli using an in-vitro model. Mucosal colon tissues were collected and processed to determine the presence of pks+E. coli. Thereafter, primary colon epithelial (PCE) and colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cell lines were used to detect cytopathic response to the isolated pks+E. coli strains. Our results showed 16.7% and 4.3% of CRC and healthy controls, respectively were pks+E. coli. Further, PCE displayed syncytia and cell swelling and HCT116 cells, megalocytosis, in response to treatment with the isolated pks+E. coli strains. In conclusion, pks+E. coli was more often isolated from tissue of CRC patients compared to healthy individuals, and our in-vitro assays suggest these isolated strains may be involved in the initiation and development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thevambiga Iyadorai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vanitha Mariappan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,University of Malaya Centre of Proteomics Research (UMCPR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kumutha Malar Vellasamy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jane Wangui Wanyiri
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - April Camilla Roslani
- Department of Surgery, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,University of Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Goh Khean Lee
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cynthia Sears
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Purcell RV, Pearson J, Aitchison A, Dixon L, Frizelle FA, Keenan JI. Colonization with enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis is associated with early-stage colorectal neoplasia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171602. [PMID: 28151975 PMCID: PMC5289627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is a toxin-producing bacteria thought to possibly promote colorectal carcinogenesis by modulating the mucosal immune response and inducing epithelial cell changes. Here, we aim to examine the association of colonic mucosal colonization with ETBF and the presence of a range of lesions on the colonic neoplastic spectrum. METHODS Mucosal tissue from up to four different colonic sites was obtained from a consecutive series of 150 patients referred for colonoscopy. The presence and relative abundance of the B. fragilis toxin gene (bft) in each tissue sample was determined using quantitative PCR, and associations with clinicopathological characteristics were analysed. FINDINGS We found a high concordance of ETBF between different colonic sites (86%). Univariate analysis showed statistically significant associations between ETBF positivity and the presence of low-grade dysplasia (LGD), tubular adenomas (TA), and serrated polyps (P-values of 0.007, 0.027, and 0.007, respectively). A higher relative abundance of ETBF was significantly associated with LGD and TA (P-values of < 0.0001 and 0.025, respectively). Increased ETBF positivity and abundance was also associated with left-sided biopsies, compared to those from the right side of the colon. CONCLUSION Our results showing association of ETBF positivity and increased abundance with early-stage carcinogenic lesions underlines its importance in the development of colorectal cancer, and we suggest that detection of ETBF may be a potential marker of early colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V. Purcell
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John Pearson
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Alan Aitchison
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Liane Dixon
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Frank A. Frizelle
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jacqueline I. Keenan
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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