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Déméautis T, Delles M, Tomaz S, Monneret G, Glehen O, Devouassoux G, George C, Bentaher A. Pathogenic Mechanisms of Secondary Organic Aerosols. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1146-1161. [PMID: 35737464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution represents a major health problem and an economic burden. In recent years, advances in air pollution research has allowed particle fractionation and identification of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). SOA is formed from either biogenic or anthropogenic emissions, through a mass transfer from the gaseous mass to the particulate phase in the atmosphere. They can have deleterious impact on health and the mortality of individuals with chronic inflammatory diseases. The pleiotropic effects of SOA could involve different and interconnected pathogenic mechanisms ranging from oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune system dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to present recent findings about SOA pathogenic roles and potential underlying mechanisms focusing on the lungs; the latter being the primary exposed organ to atmospheric pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Déméautis
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, EA3738 (CICLY), South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Marie Delles
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, EA3738 (CICLY), South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Sophie Tomaz
- University of Lyon, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, CNRS, IRCELYON, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- Pathophysiology of Immunosuppression Associated with Systemic Inflammatory Responses, EA7426 (PI3), Edouard Herriot Hospital, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Glehen
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, EA3738 (CICLY), South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France.,Digestive and Endocrine Surgery Department, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon South Hospital,165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet 69495 Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Gilles Devouassoux
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, EA3738 (CICLY), South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France.,Pulmonology Department, Croix Rousse Hospital, Lyon Civil Hospices, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Christian George
- University of Lyon, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, CNRS, IRCELYON, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Abderrazzak Bentaher
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, EA3738 (CICLY), South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France
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Abstract
The adverse effects of polluted air on human health have been increasingly appreciated worldwide. It is estimated that outdoor air pollution is associated with the death of 4.2 million people globally each year. Accumulating epidemiological studies indicate that exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), one of the important air pollutants, significantly contributes to respiratory mortality and morbidity. PM2.5 causes lung damage mainly by inducing inflammatory response and oxidative stress. In this paper, we reviewed the research results of our group on the effects of PM2.5 on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and lung cancer. And recent research progress on epidemiological studies and potential mechanisms were also discussed. Reducing air pollution, although remaining a major challenge, is the best and most effective way to prevent the onset and progression of respiratory diseases.
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Bao HR, Chen JL, Li F, Zeng XL, Liu XJ. Relationship between PI3K/mTOR/RhoA pathway-regulated cytoskeletal rearrangements and phagocytic capacity of macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9207. [PMID: 32520207 PMCID: PMC7279697 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between PI3K/mTOR/RhoA signaling regulated cytoskeletal rearrangements and phagocytic capacity of macrophages. RAW264.7 macrophages were divided into four groups; blank control, negative control, PI3K-RNAi, and mTOR-RNAi. The cytoskeletal changes in the macrophages were observed. Furthermore, the phagocytic capacity of macrophages against Escherichia coli is reported as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and percent phagocytosis. Transfection yielded 82.1 and 81.5% gene-silencing efficiencies against PI3K and mTOR, respectively. The PI3K-RNAi group had lower mRNA and protein expression levels of PI3K, mTOR, and RhoA than the blank and negative control groups (Р<0.01). The mTOR-RNAi group had lower mRNA and protein levels of mTOR and RhoA than the blank and the negative control groups (Р<0.01). Macrophages in the PI3K-RNAi group exhibited stiff and inflexible morphology with short, disorganized filopodia and reduced number of stress fibers. Macrophages in the mTOR-RNAi group displayed pronounced cellular deformations with long, dense filopodia and an increased number of stress fibers. The PI3K-RNAi group exhibited lower MFI and percent phagocytosis than blank and negative control groups, whereas the mTOR-RNAi group displayed higher MFI and percent phagocytosis than the blank and negative controls (Р<0.01). Before and after transfection, the mRNA and protein levels of PI3K were both positively correlated with mTOR and RhoA (Р<0.05), but the mRNA and protein levels of mTOR were negatively correlated with those of RhoA (Р<0.05). Changes in the phagocytic capacity of macrophages were associated with cytoskeletal rearrangements and were regulated by the PI3K/mTOR/RhoA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Bao
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - J L Chen
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - F Li
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - X L Zeng
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - X J Liu
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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