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Zou Y, Pang L, Xu S, Wu S, Yuan M, Amirkhanian S, Xu H, Lv Y, Gao X. Investigation of the Rheological Properties and Chemical Structure of Asphalt under Multiple Aging Conditions of Heat, UV and Aqueous Solution. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5711. [PMID: 36013847 PMCID: PMC9414243 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During the service period, asphalt materials are affected by various natural factors, including heat, ultraviolet light, oxygen and moisture, etc., resulting in the reduction of pavement performance, the increase of pavement distress and shortening of service life. This study aims to investigate the aging performance of asphalt under multiple aging conditions of heat, UV and aqueous solution. Thermal-oxygen aging, UV aging and hydrostatic erosion tests were carried out sequentially on asphalt. The rheological properties, chemical structure and element composition of asphalt were characterized before and after aging, and the effect mechanism of multiple conditions was discussed. The results show that the multiple conditions of heat and UV can increase the rutting resistance and weaken the cracking resistance of asphalt. However, the effect degree of UV decreases gradually with the deepening of aging degree. Additionally, the effect of water on the physicochemical properties is less than that of UV; however, water can increase the sensitivity of physicochemical properties to UV. In summary, this study explored the short-term cycling effect of heat, light and water on asphalt and provided an idea for simulation test of asphalt under multiple aging condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ling Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shi Xu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Shaopeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Miao Yuan
- Foshan Transportation Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan 528315, China
| | - Serji Amirkhanian
- Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Haiqin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China
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Gilet T, Heepe L, Lambert P, Compère P, Gorb SN. Liquid secretion and setal compliance: the beetle's winning combination for a robust and reversible adhesion. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 30:19-25. [PMID: 30553481 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper is a brief review and discussion of the recent literature on the hairy adhesive pads of beetles, with the focus on two features of these pads, firstly, compliant setal tips and secondly, a liquid secretion, that together guarantee robust cycles of attachment/detachment on smooth and rough substrates. The compliance is required to ensure sufficient contact between the setal tips and the substrate with a minimum of elastically stored energy at the contact interface. The secretion fills potential gaps between both surfaces, generates capillary adhesive forces, and enhances self-cleaning of these microstructures. Furthermore, the secretion might prevent setal dehydration and subsequently maintain setal tip compliancy. The paper also pinpoints a series of open questions on the physical mechanisms at play to passively regulate the contact forces developed by these hairy pads during locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Gilet
- Microfluidics Lab, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Lars Heepe
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Pierre Lambert
- TIPs, CP 165/67, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Compère
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, FOCUS, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
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Betz O, Frenzel M, Steiner M, Vogt M, Kleemeier M, Hartwig A, Sampalla B, Rupp F, Boley M, Schmitt C. Adhesion and friction of the smooth attachment system of the cockroach Gromphadorhina portentosa and the influence of the application of fluid adhesives. Biol Open 2017; 6:589-601. [PMID: 28507055 PMCID: PMC5450327 DOI: 10.1242/bio.024620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two different measurement techniques were applied to study the attachment of the smooth foot pads of the Madagascar hissing cockroach Gromphadorhina portentosa The attachment of the non-manipulated adhesive organs was compared with that of manipulated ones (depletion or substitution by artificial secretions). From measurements of the friction on a centrifuge, it can be concluded that on nanorough surfaces, the insect appears to benefit from employing emulsions instead of pure oils to avoid excessive friction. Measurements performed with a nanotribometer on single attachment organs showed that, in the non-manipulated euplantulae, friction was clearly increased in the push direction, whereas the arolium of the fore tarsus showed higher friction in the pull direction. The surface of the euplantulae shows an imbricate appearance, whereupon the ledges face distally, which might contribute to the observed frictional anisotropy in the push direction. Upon depletion of the tarsal adhesion-mediating secretion or its replacement by oily fluids, in several cases, the anisotropic effect of the euplantula disappeared due to the decrease of friction forces in push-direction. In the euplantulae, adhesion was one to two orders of magnitude lower than friction. Whereas the tenacity was slightly decreased with depleted secretion, it was considerably increased after artificial application of oily liquids. In terms of adhesion, it is concluded that the semi-solid consistence of the natural adhesion-mediating secretion facilitates the detachment of the tarsus during locomotion. In terms of friction, on smooth to nanorough surfaces, the insects appear to benefit from employing emulsions instead of pure oils to avoid excessive friction forces, whereas on rougher surfaces the tarsal fluid rather functions in improving surface contact by keeping the cuticle compliable and compensating surface asperities of the substratum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Betz
- Institut für Evolution und Ökologie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Melina Frenzel
- Institut für Evolution und Ökologie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Michael Steiner
- Institut für Evolution und Ökologie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Martin Vogt
- Institut für Evolution und Ökologie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Malte Kleemeier
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Fertigungstechnik und Angewandte Materialforschung, Wiener Str. 12, Bremen D-28359, Germany
| | - Andreas Hartwig
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Fertigungstechnik und Angewandte Materialforschung, Wiener Str. 12, Bremen D-28359, Germany
- Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2 Biologie/Chemie, Leobener Str., Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Benjamin Sampalla
- Institut für Evolution und Ökologie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Frank Rupp
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science and Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Moritz Boley
- Institut für Evolution und Ökologie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Christian Schmitt
- Institut für Evolution und Ökologie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
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Gorb S, Speck T. Biological and biomimetic materials and surfaces. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:403-407. [PMID: 28326229 PMCID: PMC5331183 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute of the University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group & Botanic Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Interactive Materials & Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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