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Stroyuk O, Raievska O, Zahn DRT, Brabec CJ. Exploring Highly Efficient Broadband Self-Trapped-Exciton Luminophors: from 0D to 3D Materials. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300241. [PMID: 37728189 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The review summarizes our recent reports on brightly-emitting materials with varied dimensionality (3D, 2D, 0D) synthesized using "green" chemistry and exhibiting highly efficient photoluminescence (PL) originating from self-trapped exciton (STE) states. The discussion starts with 0D emitters, in particular, ternary indium-based colloidal quantum dots, continues with 2D materials, focusing on single-layer polyheptazine carbon nitride, and further evolves to 3D luminophores, the latter exemplified by lead-free double halide perovskites. The review shows the broadband STE PL to be an inherent feature of many materials produced in mild conditions by "green" chemistry, outlining PL features general for these STE emitters and differences in their photophysical properties. The review is concluded with an outlook on the challenges in the field of STE PL emission and the most promising venues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Stroyuk
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (HI ERN), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oleksandra Raievska
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (HI ERN), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
- Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (HI ERN), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Ramalingam K, Rajaraman T. Structure-bandgap tunability of metal halide perovskites: Synthesis, spectral, single crystal X-ray structural, BVS, CShM and Hirshfeld surface analysis of piperidinium hexahalostannates(IV). J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bismuth-Based Halide Perovskites for Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution Application. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010339. [PMID: 36615532 PMCID: PMC9822093 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs), in particular lead-based perovskites, have earned recognized fame in several fields for their outstanding optoelectronic properties, including direct generation of free charge carriers, optimal ambipolar charge carrier transport properties, high absorption coefficient, point-defect tolerance, and compositional versatility. Nowadays, this class of materials represents a real and promising alternative to silicon for photovoltaic technologies. This worthy success led to a growing interest in the exploration of MHPs in other hot research fields, such as solar-driven photocatalytic water splitting towards hydrogen production. Nevertheless, many of these perovskites show air and moisture instability problems that considerably hinder their practical application for photocatalytic water splitting. Moreover, if chemical instability is a problem that can be in part mitigated by the optimization of the chemical composition and crystal structure, the presence of lead represents a real problem for the practical application of MHPs in commercial devices due to environmental and healthcare issues. To successfully overcome these problems, lead-free metal halide perovskites (LFMHPs) have gained increasing interest thanks to their optoelectronic properties, comparable to lead-based materials, and their more eco-friendly nature. Among all the lead-free perovskite alternatives, this mini-review considers bismuth-based perovskites and perovskite derivatives with a specific focus on solar-driven photocatalysis application for H2 evolution. Special attention is dedicated to the structure and composition of the different materials and to the advantage of heterojunction engineering and the relative impact on the photocatalytic process.
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A novel 1-D square-pyramidal coordinated palladium (II) hybrid compounds [C9H16N2]PdX4 (X=Cl, Br) showing broadband emission, electrical properties and narrow optical band gap. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Balabanova SP, Buikin PA, Ilyukhin AB, Rudenko AY, Dorovatovskii PV, Korlyukov AA, Kotov VY. Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of New Hybrid Halobismuthates of 2,2'-Bipyridinium Derivatives. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023622070038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chemical Vapor Deposited Mixed Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133526. [PMID: 34202688 PMCID: PMC8269519 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we used a two-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to synthesize methylammonium lead-tin triiodide perovskite films, MAPb1−xSnxI3, with x varying from 0 to 1. We successfully controlled the concentration of Sn in the perovskite films and used Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) to quantify the composition of the precursor films for conversion into perovskite films. According to the RBS results, increasing the SnCl2 source amount in the reaction chamber translate into an increase in Sn concentration in the films. The crystal structure and the optical properties of perovskite films were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis spectrometry. All the perovskite films depicted similar XRD patterns corresponding to a tetragonal structure with I4cm space group despite the precursor films having different crystal structures. The increasing concentration of Sn in the perovskite films linearly decreased the unit volume from about 988.4 Å3 for MAPbI3 to about 983.3 Å3 for MAPb0.39Sn0.61I3, which consequently influenced the optical properties of the films manifested by the decrease in energy bandgap (Eg) and an increase in the disorder in the band gap. The SEM micrographs depicted improvements in the grain size (0.3–1 µm) and surface coverage of the perovskite films compared with the precursor films.
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Fraccarollo A, Zoccante A, Marchese L, Cossi M. Ab initio modeling of 2D and quasi-2D lead organohalide perovskites with divalent organic cations and a tunable band gap. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20573-20587. [PMID: 32893270 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06851a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe theoretically the structure and properties of layered lead organohalide perovskites, considering purely bi-dimensional (2D) PbI4 layers, and quasi-2D systems where the inorganic layers are formed by more than one lead iodide sheet. The intercalating organic dications were designed to have low lying virtual orbitals (LUMO), so as to induce in the perovskite the appearance of virtual bands, localized in the organic layer, either close to the inorganic conduction band bottom or valence band top, or in some cases in the middle of the inorganic band gap. Such a feature is quite uncommon for this class of materials, and deserves attention since it allows one to tune the effective band gap of the material, possibly leading to the absorption of visible light and influencing the optical properties deeply. We discuss the effect of functional groups on the organic cations, and of the different symmetries used in geometry optimizations: a careful analysis of the contributions to the dispersion curves and band gaps was performed. The charge carrier mobility is also discussed, computing the conductivity over relaxation time and the effective masses for all the systems, with particular attention to the features related to the unusual organic intra-gap bands. All the structures were optimized at the DFT level, with inclusion of dispersion effects; dispersion curves were computed with full relativistic potentials, and the band gaps corrected for long range coulombic effects at the GW level. A semiempirical approach, based on the integration of charge carrier group velocities over a dense grid of k-points, was used to compute the conductivities and effective masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fraccarollo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, via T. Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy.
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Attique S, Ali N, Ali S, Khatoon R, Li N, Khesro A, Rauf S, Yang S, Wu H. A Potential Checkmate to Lead: Bismuth in Organometal Halide Perovskites, Structure, Properties, and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903143. [PMID: 32670745 PMCID: PMC7341095 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable optoelectronic properties and considerable performance of the organo lead-halide perovskites (PVKs) in various optoelectronic applications grasp tremendous scientific attention. However, the existence of the toxic lead in these compounds is threatening human health and remains a major concern in the way of their commercialization. To address this issue, numerous nontoxic alternatives have been reported. Among these alternatives, bismuth-based PVKs have emerged as a promising substitute because of similar optoelectronic properties and extended environmental stability. This work communicates briefly about the possible lead-alternatives and explores bismuth-based perovskites comprehensively, in terms of their structures, optoelectronic properties, and applications. A brief description of lead-toxification is provided and the possible Pb-alternatives from the periodic table are scrutinized. Then, the classification and crystal structures of various Bi-based perovskites are elaborated on. Detailed optoelectronic properties of Bi-based perovskites are also described and their optoelectronic applications are abridged. The overall photovoltaic applications along with device characteristics (i.e., V OC, J SC, fill factor, FF, and power conversion efficiency, PCE), fabrication method, device architecture, and operational stability are also summarized. Finally, a conclusion is drawn where a brief outlook highlights the challenges that hamper the future progress of Bi-based optoelectronic devices and suggestions for future directions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Attique
- Institute for Composites Science and Innovation (InCSI)School of Material Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Nasir Ali
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Devices and Department of PhysicsState Key Laboratory for Silicon MaterialsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Shahid Ali
- Materials Research LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of PeshawarPeshawar25120Pakistan
| | - Rabia Khatoon
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083P. R. China
| | - Amir Khesro
- Department of PhysicsAbdul Wali Khan UniversityMardan23200Pakistan
| | - Sajid Rauf
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical MaterialsFaculty of Physics and Electronic ScienceHubei UniversityWuhanHubei430062P. R. China
| | - Shikuan Yang
- Institute for Composites Science and Innovation (InCSI)School of Material Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Wu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Devices and Department of PhysicsState Key Laboratory for Silicon MaterialsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
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Assembling Polyiodides and Iodobismuthates Using a Template Effect of a Cyclic Diammonium Cation and Formation of a Low-Gap Hybrid Iodobismuthate with High Thermal Stability. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122765. [PMID: 32549353 PMCID: PMC7355432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploiting a template effect of 1,4-diazacycloheptane (also known as homopiperazine, Hpipe), four new hybrid iodides, (HpipeH2)2Bi2I10·2H2O, (HpipeH2)I(I3), (HpipeH2)3I6·H2O, and (HpipeH2)3(H3O)I7, were prepared and their crystal structures were solved using single crystal X-ray diffraction data. All four solid-state crystal structures feature the HpipeH22+ cation alternating with Bi2I104–, I3–, or I– anions and solvent water or H3O+ cation. HpipeH22+ assembles anionic and neutral building blocks into polymer structures by forming four strong (N)H···I and (N)H···O hydrogen bonds per cation, with the H···I distances ranging from 2.44 to 2.93 Å and H···O distances of 1.88–1.89 Å. These hydrogen bonds strongly affect the properties of compounds; in particular, in the case of (HpipeH2)2Bi2I10·2H2O, they ensure narrowing of the band gap down to 1.8 eV and provide high thermal stability up to 240 °C, remarkable for a hydrated molecular solid.
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Mönig H, Schmid M. Renewable energy conversion using nano- and microstructured materials. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:771-773. [PMID: 30993057 PMCID: PMC6444387 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Mönig
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martina Schmid
- Fakultät für Physik und CENIDE, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany
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