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Harvey DJ. ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES AND GLYCOCONJUGATES BY MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: AN UPDATE FOR 2015-2016. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:408-565. [PMID: 33725404 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review is the ninth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2016. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented over 30 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show no sign of deminishing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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Grachev MK, Terekhova IV, Shipilov DA, Kutyasheva NV, Emelianova EY. Dimeric (Oligomeric) Derivatives of Cyclodextrins as a New Class of Supramolecular Systems: Their Synthesis and Inclusion Complexes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wagner BD, Arnold AE, Gallant ST, Grinton CR, Locke JK, Mills ND, Snow CA, Uhlig TB, Vessey CN. The polarity sensitivity factor of some fluorescent probe molecules used for studying supramolecular systems and other heterogeneous environments. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy provides an excellent technique for investigating heterogeneous systems, due to its high sensitivity and the large effect of the local environment on molecular emission. In addition, the use of polarity-sensitive fluorescent probes as guests in supramolecular host–guest inclusion complexes can be exploited in fluorescent sensors. This paper identifies, tabulates, and quantifies a series of useful polarity-sensitive fluorescent probes, with a wide range of polarity-dependent fluorescence responses. The degree of polarity sensitivity is quantified using the polarity sensitivity factor (PSF), developed in our laboratory. In most cases, such polarity-sensitive probes show increased emission as the local polarity is decreased (PSF > 1); 10 such probes are described. However, less commonly, “reverse polarity dependence” can occur in which probe emission decreases with decreasing polarity (PSF < 1); four such probes are described. The mechanism for the observed polarity-induced fluorescence changes will also be discussed in selected representative cases. The purpose of this paper is to present details on a broad arsenal of polarity-sensitive fluorescence probes with varying properties, with potentially useful applications in the study of heterogeneous systems, including inclusion phenomena, and in practical applications such as fluorescent sensors, which will be useful to researchers studying supramolecular and other heterogeneous systems using fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
| | - Amy E. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
| | - Spencer T. Gallant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
| | - Carmen R. Grinton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
| | - Julia K. Locke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
| | - Natasha D. Mills
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
| | - Carrie A. Snow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
| | - Timara B. Uhlig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
| | - Christen N. Vessey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
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