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Yang X, Miao X, Dai L, Guo X, Jenis J, Zhang J, Shang X. Isolation, biological activity, and synthesis of isoquinoline alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:1652-1722. [PMID: 39355982 DOI: 10.1039/d4np00023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 2019 to 2023Isoquinoline alkaloids, an important class of N-based heterocyclic compounds, have attracted considerable attention from researchers worldwide. To follow up on our prior review (covering 2014-2018) and present the progress of this class of compounds, this review summarizes and provides updated literature on novel isoquinoline alkaloids isolated during the period of 2019-2023, together with their biological activity and underlying mechanisms of action. Moreover, with the rapid development of synthetic modification strategies, the synthesis strategies of isoquinoline alkaloids have been continuously optimized, and the total synthesis of these classes of natural products is reviewed critically herein. Over 250 molecules with a broad range of bioactivities, including antitumor, antibacterial, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and other activities, are isolated and discussed. The total synthesis of more than nine classes of isoquinoline alkaloids is presented, and thirteen compounds constitute the first total synthesis. This survey provides new indications or possibilities for the discovery of new drugs from the original naturally occurring isoquinoline alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, PR China.
- China-Kazakh Joint Research Center for Natural Veterinary Drug, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolou Miao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, PR China.
- China-Kazakh Joint Research Center for Natural Veterinary Drug, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Lixia Dai
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, PR China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Tibetan Medicine Research Center of Qinghai University, Qinghai University Tibetan Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, P. R. China
| | - Janar Jenis
- The Research Center for Medicinal Plants, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, PR China.
- China-Kazakh Joint Research Center for Natural Veterinary Drug, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Shang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, PR China.
- China-Kazakh Joint Research Center for Natural Veterinary Drug, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Tibetan Medicine Research Center of Qinghai University, Qinghai University Tibetan Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, P. R. China
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Klaßmüller T, Tringali C, Bracher F. A novel approach to 2-arylmethyl-2,3-dihydro-4(1 H)-quinazolinones. Total synthesis of the alkaloids glycozolone-A and glycozolone-B. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:119-127. [PMID: 35942894 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2110095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
2-Arylmethyl-2,3-dihydro-4(1H)-quinazolinones are a small subgroup of the class of quinazolin-4-one alkaloids, and most published total syntheses require the use of unstable and poorly accessible arylacetaldehydes. Here we show that easily available, stable ω-methoxystyrenes are versatile substitutes for arylacetaldehydes. This new methodology was applied to the total synthesis of the alkaloids glycozolone-A and glycozolone-B. The limitations of this new approach were analyzed as well. In this course, new total syntheses of two 2-arylmethyl-4(1H)-quinazolinone alkaloids (glycosminine, 2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-4(1H)-quinazolinone) were developed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Klaßmüller
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Tringali
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Cigan E, Pletz J, Berger SA, Hierzberger B, Grilec-Zlamal M, Steiner A, Oroz-Guinea I, Kroutil W. Concise synthesis of ( R)-reticuline and (+)-salutaridine by combining early-stage organic synthesis and late-stage biocatalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9863-9871. [PMID: 37736642 PMCID: PMC10510765 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02304d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient access to the morphinan scaffold remains a major challenge in both synthetic chemistry and biotechnology. Here, a biomimetic chemo-enzymatic strategy to synthesize the natural promorphinan intermediate (+)-salutaridine is demonstrated. By combining early-stage organic synthesis with enzymatic asymmetric key step transformations, the prochiral natural intermediate 1,2-dehydroreticuline was prepared and subsequently stereoselectively reduced by the enzyme 1,2-dehydroreticuline reductase obtaining (R)-reticuline in high ee and yield (>99% ee, up to quant. conversion, 92% isol. yield). In the final step, membrane-bound salutaridine synthase was used to perform the selective ortho-para phenol coupling to give (+)-salutaridine. The synthetic route shows the potential of combining early-stage advanced organic chemistry to minimize protecting group techniques with late-stage multi-step biocatalysis to provide an unprecedented access to the medicinally important compound class of promorphinans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Cigan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Jakob Pletz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Sarah A Berger
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Bettina Hierzberger
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Michael Grilec-Zlamal
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Alexander Steiner
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Isabel Oroz-Guinea
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz 8010 Graz Austria
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