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Ganta PK, Teja MR, Chang CJ, Sambandam A, Kamaraj R, Chu YT, Ding S, Chen HY, Chen HY. Improvement of catalytic activity of aluminum complexes for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone: aluminum thioamidate and thioureidate systems. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:17132-17147. [PMID: 37929915 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03198e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a series of Al complexes bearing amidates, thioamidates, ureidates, and thioureidates were synthesized and their catalytic activity for ε-caprolactone (CL) polymerization was evaluated. SPr-Al exhibited a higher catalytic activity than OPr-Al (3.2 times as high for CL polymerization; [CL] : [SPr-Al] : [BnOH] = 100 : 0.5 : 2; [SPr-Al] = 10 mM, conv. = 93% after 14 min at 25 °C), and USCl-Al exhibited a higher catalytic activity than UCl-Al (4.6 times as high for CL polymerization; [CL] : [USCl-Al] : [BnOH] = 100 : 0.5 : 2; [USCl-Al] = 10 mM, conv. = 90% after 15 min at 25 °C). Regardless of whether aluminum amidates or ureidates were present, thioligands improved the polymerization rate of aluminum catalysts. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the eight-membered ring [SPr-AlOMe2]2 decomposed into the four-membered ring SPr-AlOMe2. However, [OPr-AlOMe2]2 did not decompose because of its strong bridging Al-O bond. The overall activation energy required for CL polymerization was lower when using [SPr-AlOMe2]2 (18.1 kcal mol-1) as a catalyst than when using [OPr-AlOMe2]2 (23.9 kcal mol-1). This is because the TS2a transition state of SPr-AlOMe2 had a more open coordination geometry with a small N-Al-S angle (72.91°) than did TS3c of [OPr-AlOMe2]2, the crowded highest-energy transition state of [OPr-AlOMe2]2 with a larger N-Al-O angle (99.63°).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Kumar Ganta
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80708, Republic of China.
| | - Mallemadugula Ravi Teja
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80708, Republic of China.
| | - Chun-Juei Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80708, Republic of China.
- Department of International Ph.D. Program for Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424, Republic of China
| | - Anandan Sambandam
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, India
| | - Rajiv Kamaraj
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80708, Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Ting Chu
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80708, Republic of China.
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80424, Republic of China
| | - Shangwu Ding
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80708, Republic of China.
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80424, Republic of China
| | - Hsing-Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80708, Republic of China.
| | - Hsuan-Ying Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80708, Republic of China.
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80424, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China
- National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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Bak A, Kozik V, Swietlicka A, Baran W, Smolinski A, Zięba A. Towards Symmetric Thioamides: Microwave-Aided Synthesis of Terephthalic Acid Derivatives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:984. [PMID: 37513896 PMCID: PMC10385826 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The multistep synthesis of novel bis-terephthalthioamides based on methyl esters of amino acids (AAs) was proposed using conventional heating and microwave-assisted approaches. In fact, the comparative case study on the thionation of new symmetrical diamides with Lawesson's reagent (LR) was performed. The microwave-accelerated small-scale methodology was successfully employed on the whole pathway from substrates (Gly, Ala, Val, Tyr, Ser) to products (symmetrical dithioamides of terephthalic acid), resulting in significantly reduced reaction time, energy requirements, and slightly increased reaction yields when compared to conventional heating. Moreover, the intermolecular similarity of novel terephthalic acid derivatives was estimated in the multidimensional space (mDS) of the structure/property-related in silico descriptors using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The distance-oriented structure/property distribution was also correlated with the experimental lipophilic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Violetta Kozik
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Baran
- Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Adam Smolinski
- Central Mining Institute, Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Zięba
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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Zhang Q, Soulère L, Queneau Y. Towards More Practical Methods for the Chemical Synthesis of Thioamides Using Sulfuration Agents: A Decade Update. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083527. [PMID: 37110761 PMCID: PMC10141403 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Compounds possessing a thioamide function play a crucial role in organic synthesis, serving as key building blocks. They are also important in the pharmaceutical chemistry and drug design, owing to their ability to mimic the amide function in biomolecules while retaining or developing biological activity. From the synthetic viewpoint, several methods have been developed for preparing thioamides using sulfuration agents. The purpose of this review is to give an update of the last decade of contributions focusing on the formation of thioamides employing different sulfur sources. When appropriate, the cleanness and practicality of the new methods are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-Cancer Active Ingredients, Hubei University of Education, 129 Second Gaoxin Road, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Laurent Soulère
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5246, ICBMS, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Bât. E. Lederer, 1 rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yves Queneau
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5246, ICBMS, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Bât. E. Lederer, 1 rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Sharma S, Singh D, Kumar S, Vaishali, Jamra R, Banyal N, Deepika, Malakar CC, Singh V. An efficient metal-free and catalyst-free C-S/C-O bond-formation strategy: synthesis of pyrazole-conjugated thioamides and amides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:231-244. [PMID: 36895429 PMCID: PMC9989676 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An operationally simple and metal-free approach is described for the synthesis of pyrazole-tethered thioamide and amide conjugates. The thioamides were generated by employing a three-component reaction of diverse pyrazole C-3/4/5 carbaldehydes, secondary amines, and elemental sulfur in a single synthetic operation. The advantages of this developed protocol refer to the broad substrate scope, metal-free and easy to perform reaction conditions. Moreover, the pyrazole C-3/5-linked amide conjugates were also synthesized via an oxidative amination of pyrazole carbaldehydes and 2-aminopyridines using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar, 144027, Punjab, India
| | - Dharmender Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar, 144027, Punjab, India.,Central Revenues Control Laboratory, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Sunit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar, 144027, Punjab, India
| | - Vaishali
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar, 144027, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Jamra
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar, 144027, Punjab, India.,Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Naveen Banyal
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar, 144027, Punjab, India.,Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Deepika
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar, 144027, Punjab, India
| | - Chandi C Malakar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Manipur, Imphal, 795004, India
| | - Virender Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar, 144027, Punjab, India.,Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
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Khatoon H, Abdulmalek E. A Focused Review of Synthetic Applications of Lawesson's Reagent in Organic Synthesis. Molecules 2021; 26:6937. [PMID: 34834028 PMCID: PMC8618327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lawesson's reagent (LR) is a well-known classic example of a compound with unique construction and unusual chemical behavior, with a wide range of applications in synthetic organic chemistry. Its main functions were rounded for the thionation of various carbonyl groups in the early days, with exemplary results. However, the role of Lawesson's reagent in synthesis has changed drastically, and now its use can help the chemistry community to understand innovative ideas. These include constructing biologically valuable heterocycles, coupling reactions, and the thionation of natural compounds. The ease of availability and the convenient usage of LR as a thionating agent made us compile a review on the new diverse applications on some common functional groups, such as ketones, esters, amides, alcohols, and carboxylic acids, with biological applications. Since the applications of LR are now diverse, we have also included some new classes of heterocycles such as thiazepines, phosphine sulfides, thiophenes, and organothiophosphorus compounds. Thionation of some biologically essential steroids and terpenoids has also been compiled. This review discusses the recent insights into and synthetic applications of this famous reagent from 2009 to January 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hena Khatoon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Emilia Abdulmalek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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