1
|
Yamada S, Konno T. Development of Donor-π-Acceptor-Type Fluorinated Tolanes as Compact Condensed Phase Luminophores and Applications in Photoluminescent Liquid-Crystalline Molecules. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300094. [PMID: 37098883 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated tolanes, produced by introducing fluorine atoms into one of the aromatic rings of tolane, emitted almost no fluorescence in a solution state, but the fluorescence intensity increased dramatically in the crystalline state because of intermolecular H⋅⋅⋅F hydrogen bonds. The photoluminescent (PL) colors depend on the molecular orbitals, dipole moments, and molecular aggregated structures can be varied by controlling terminal substituents along the major molecular axis. The introduction of a long alkoxy or semifluoroalkoxy unit as a flexible chain into the terminal positions along the major molecular axis induced the formation of a liquid-crystalline (LC) phase; fluorinated tolanes act both as luminophores and as mesogens, leading to the molecular design of new photoluminescent LC molecules (PLLCs). The results also indicated that a fluorinated tolane dimer, which consists of two fluorinated tolanes linked by a flexible alkylene spacer, also becomes a novel PLLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Yamada
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Konno
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Systematic Studies on the Effect of Fluorine Atoms in Fluorinated Tolanes on Their Photophysical Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082274. [PMID: 33919915 PMCID: PMC8070916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a series of fluorinated and non-fluorinated tolanes, in which one or more fluorine atoms were systematically introduced into one aromatic ring of a tolane scaffold, and systematically evaluated their photophysical properties. All the tolanes with or without fluorine substituents were found to have poor photoluminescence (PL) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solutions. On the other hand, in the crystalline state, non-fluorinated and fluorinated tolanes with one or four fluorine atoms were less emissive, whereas fluorinated tolanes with three or five fluorine atoms exhibited high PL efficiencies (ФPL) up to 0.51. X-ray crystallographic analyses of the emissive fluorinated tolanes revealed that the position of the fluorine substituent played a key role in achieving a high ФPL. Fluorine substituents at the ortho (2/6) and para (4) positions led to tight and rigid packing due to plural π–π stacking and/or hydrogen bonding interactions, resulting in enhanced ФPL caused by the suppression of non-radiative deactivation. Additionally, fluorinated tolanes with three fluorine atoms exhibited notable aggregation-induced PL emission enhancement in THF/water mixed solvents. This demonstrates that the PL characteristics of small PL materials can be tuned depending on the usage requirements.
Collapse
|
3
|
Mekni NH. Nucleophilic Vinyl/Allyl, CF3 and CF2α Perfluoroalkyl Groups Substitution and/or E1CB Elimination Reactions of Fluorine Atom(s) in Organofluorinated Compounds. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x15666180626130042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Direct substitution and elimination reactions of the fluorine atoms of difluoromethylene CF2α groups of nonspaced perfluoroalkyl chains, CF3 groups are very difficult to achieve. But, they become feasible with fluoro-alkenes, alkynes, imines or carbonyl derivatives, for which vinylic substitution and related carbanion-mediated pathways are available. In this review, we classify the major and unique fluorine substitution/elimination and rearrangement reactions and discuss their contribution to the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nejib Hussein Mekni
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bassolino G, Nançoz C, Thiel Z, Bois E, Vauthey E, Rivera-Fuentes P. Photolabile coumarins with improved efficiency through azetidinyl substitution. Chem Sci 2017; 9:387-391. [PMID: 29629108 PMCID: PMC5868312 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03627b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of photoactivatable coumarins in water has been enhanced by substitution with azetidine.
Azetidinyl substituents have been recently used to improve the fluorescence quantum yield of several classes of fluorophores. Herein, we demonstrate that other useful photochemical processes can be modulated using this strategy. In particular, we prepared and measured the quantum yield of photorelease of a series of 7-azetidinyl-4-methyl coumarin esters and compared it to their 7-diethylamino and julolidine-fused analogues. The efficiency of the photorelease reactions of the azetidinyl-substituted compounds was 2- to 5-fold higher than the corresponding diethylamino coumarins. We investigated the origin of this effect in model fluorophores and in the photoactivatable esters, and found that H-bonding with the solvent seems to be the prominent deactivation channel inhibited upon substitution with an azetidinyl ring. We anticipate that this substitution strategy could be used to modulate other photochemical processes with applications in chemical biology, catalysis and materials science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bassolino
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , ETH Zürich , HCI G329, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - Christoph Nançoz
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet , 1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland .
| | - Zacharias Thiel
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , ETH Zürich , HCI G329, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - Estelle Bois
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet , 1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland .
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet , 1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland .
| | - Pablo Rivera-Fuentes
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , ETH Zürich , HCI G329, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kaya K, Roy S, Nogues JC, Rojas JC, Sokolikj Z, Zorio DAR, Alabugin IV. Optimizing Protonation States for Selective Double-Strand DNA Photocleavage in Hypoxic Tumors: pH-Gated Transitions of Lysine Dipeptides. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8634-47. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Kaya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, 43100 Turkey
| | - Saumya Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Nogues
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Juan Camilo Rojas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Zlatko Sokolikj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Diego A. R. Zorio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College
of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu C, Zhang B. Facile Access to Fluoroaromatic Molecules by Transition-Metal-Free C-F Bond Cleavage of Polyfluoroarenes: An Efficient, Green, and Sustainable Protocol. CHEM REC 2016; 16:667-87. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuibo Liu
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science, Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science, Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation; Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kaya K, Johnson M, Alabugin IV. Opening Enediyne Scissors Wider: pH-Dependent DNA Photocleavage by meta-Diyne Lysine Conjugates. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:748-58. [PMID: 25545396 DOI: 10.1111/php.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical activation of meta-diynes incapable of Bergman and C1-C5 cyclizations still leads to efficient double-strand DNA cleavage. Spatial proximity of the two arylethynyl groups is not required for efficient DNA photocleavage by the enediyne-lysine conjugates. Efficiency of the cleavage is a function of the external pH and DNA damage is strongly enhanced at pH < 7. The pH-dependence of the DNA photocleavage activity stems from the protonation states of lysine amino groups, the internal electron donors responsible for intramolecular PET quenching and deactivation of the photoreactive excited states. DNA-binding analysis suggests intercalative DNA binding for phenyl substituted conjugate and groove binding for TFP-substituted conjugate. Additional insights in the possible mechanism for DNA damage from the ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) scavenger experiments found that generation of singlet oxygen is partially involved in the DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Kaya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Martínez WR, Militão GCG, da Silva TG, Silva RO, Menezes PH. Synthesis of novel [3,1]-benzothiazepine and [3,1]-benzoxazepine derivatives with antitumoral activity. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1039/c3ra44937h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
|
9
|
Martínez WR, Militão GCG, da Silva TG, Silva RO, Menezes PH. Synthesis of novel [3,1]-benzothiazepine and [3,1]-benzoxazepine derivatives with antitumoral activity. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra44937h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
|
10
|
Martínez WR, Militão GCG, da Silva TG, Silva RO, Menezes PH. Synthesis of novel [3,1]-benzothiazepine and [3,1]-benzoxazepine derivatives with antitumoral activity. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44937h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
11
|
Alabugin IV, Gold B. “Two Functional Groups in One Package”: Using Both Alkyne π-Bonds in Cascade Transformations. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7777-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401091w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Brian Gold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gold B, Dudley GB, Alabugin IV. Moderating Strain without Sacrificing Reactivity: Design of Fast and Tunable Noncatalyzed Alkyne–Azide Cycloadditions via Stereoelectronically Controlled Transition State Stabilization. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:1558-69. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3114196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Gold
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306-4390, United States
| | - Gregory B. Dudley
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306-4390, United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306-4390, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xiong Y, Wu J, Xiao S, Cao S. One-pot Three Component Synthesis of Polyfluoroarylated ArylacetatesviaVNSAr-SNAr Reaction. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201201044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
Saltiel J, Kumar VKR. Photophysics of diphenylacetylene: light from the "dark state". J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:10548-58. [PMID: 23046054 DOI: 10.1021/jp307896c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A weak band at the tail of the known tolane (diphenylacetylene, DPA) fluorescence spectrum in several solvents is assigned to the forbidden 1(1)A(u) → 1(1)A(g) transition on the basis of its lifetime (∼200 ps) and its fluorescence excitation spectra. The 1(1)A(u) state, generally called the dark state, is not truly dark. We report the temperature (T) dependence of DPA fluorescence quantum yields (ϕ(f)) in methylcyclohexane (MCH) solution and the fluorescence and phosphorescence quantum yields of DPA in glassy MCH at 77 K. Significant differences between fluorescence and phosphorescence excitation spectra reveal that, in addition to the 1(1)B(1u) ← 1(1)A(g) transition, the first DPA absorption band includes a transition to another excited state, most probably the 1(1)B(2u) state, from which intersystem crossing is more efficient. The T dependence of ϕ(f) values in MCH solution is shown to be consistent with the previously reported T dependence of the lifetimes of transient DPA singlet excited state absorptions in the picosecond time scale. Transient absorption decay rate constants in hexane, methylcyclohexane and decalin as a function of T are retreated. Application of the medium enhanced barrier model shows that the medium is fully engaged with the molecular motion that is involved in the activated nonradiative decay path of the 1(1)B(1u) state. In accord with theoretical calculations and experimental observations, that process is assigned to the diabatic internal conversion of the short-lived linear fluorescent π,π* (1(1)B(1u)) state, over a low intrinsic energy barrier, to the longer lived weakly fluorescent trans-bent π,σ* (1(1)A(u)), which is the precursor of the DPA triplet state. Absorption and fluorescence measurements in several solvents show that the 1(1)B(1u)-1(1)A(g) energy gap decreases linearly with increasing medium polarizability. Our results allow a more definitive state order assignment for DPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Saltiel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Breiner B, Kaya K, Roy S, Yang WY, Alabugin IV. Hybrids of amino acids and acetylenic DNA-photocleavers: optimising efficiency and selectivity for cancer phototherapy. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:3974-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob00052k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
16
|
Yang WY, Roy S, Phrathep B, Rengert Z, Kenworthy R, Zorio DAR, Alabugin IV. Engineering pH-Gated Transitions for Selective and Efficient Double-Strand DNA Photocleavage in Hypoxic Tumors. J Med Chem 2011; 54:8501-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jm2010282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Saumya Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Boondaniwon Phrathep
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Zach Rengert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Rachael Kenworthy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Diego A. R. Zorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Stepanov AA, Gornostaev LM, Vasilevsky SF, Arnold EV, Mamatyuk VI, Fadeev DS, Gold B, Alabugin IV. Chameleonic Reactivity of Vicinal Diazonium Salt of Acetylenyl-9,10-anthraquinones: Synthetic Application toward Two Heterocyclic Targets. J Org Chem 2011; 76:8737-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2014214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - L. M. Gornostaev
- Department of Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University, Krasnoyarsk 660049, Russian Federation
| | | | - E. V. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University, Krasnoyarsk 660049, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - B. Gold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - I. V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| |
Collapse
|