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Langer D, Mlynarczyk DT, Dlugaszewska J, Tykarska E. Potential of glycyrrhizic and glycyrrhetinic acids against influenza type A and B viruses: A perspective to develop new anti-influenza compounds and drug delivery systems. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114934. [PMID: 36455358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent dynamic development of medicine, influenza is still a significant epidemiological problem for people around the world. The growing resistance of influenza viruses to currently available antiviral drugs makes it necessary to search for new compounds or drug forms with potential high efficacy against human influenza A and B viruses. One of the methods of obtaining new active compounds is to chemically modify privileged structures occurring in the natural environment. The second solution, that is gaining more and more interest, is the use of modern drug carriers, which significantly improve physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters of the transported substances. Molecules known from the earliest times for their numerous therapeutic properties are glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GE). Both compounds constitute the main active agents of the licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra, Leguminosae) root and, according to a number of scientific reports, show antiviral properties against both DNA and RNA viruses. The above information prompted many scientific teams around the world to obtain and test in vitro and/or in vivo new synthetic GA and GE derivatives against influenza A and B viruses. Similarly, in recent years, a significant amount of GA and GE-based drug delivery systems (DDS) such as nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes, nanocrystals, and carbon dots has been prepared and tested for antiviral activity, including those against influenza A and B viruses. This work systematizes the attempts undertaken to study the antiviral activity of new GA and GE analogs and modern DDS against clinically significant human influenza viruses, at the same time indicating the directions of their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Langer
- Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Dariusz T Mlynarczyk
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Dlugaszewska
- Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Tykarska
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznań, Poland
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2
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Mohammed EAH, Peng Y, Wang Z, Qiang X, Zhao Q. Synthesis, Antiviral, and Antibacterial Activity of the Glycyrrhizic Acid and Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022; 48:906-918. [PMID: 35919388 PMCID: PMC9333650 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022050132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid and its primary metabolite glycyrrhetinic acid, are the main active ingredients in the licorice roots (glycyrrhiza species), which are widely used in several countries of the world, especially in east asian countries (China, Japan). These ingredients and their derivatives play an important role in treating many diseases, especially infectious diseases such as COVID-19 and hepatic infections. This review aims to summarize the different ways of synthesising the amide derivatives of glycyrrhizic acid and the main ways to synthesize the glycyrrhitinic acid derivatives. Also, to determine the main biological and pharmacological activity for these compounds from the previous studies to provide essential data to researchers for future studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1134/S1068162022050132.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. H. Mohammed
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Y. Peng
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Z. Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - X. Qiang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Q. Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
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3
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Progress in the treatment of drug-induced liver injury with natural products. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106361. [PMID: 35882295 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous prescription drugs and non-prescription drugs that cause drug-induced liver injury (DILI), which is the main cause of liver disease in humans around the globe. Its mechanism becomes clearer as the disease is studied further. For an instance, when acetaminophen (APAP) is taken in excess, it produces N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) that binds to biomacromolecules in the liver causing liver injury. Treatment of DILI with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown to be effective. For example, activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway as well as regulation of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, coupling, and excretion are the mechanisms by which ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) treats APAP-induced acute liver injury. Nevertheless, reducing the toxicity of TCM in treating DILI is still a problem to be overcome at present and in the future. Accumulated evidences show that hydrogel-based nanocomposite may be an excellent carrier for TCM. Therefore, we reviewed TCM with potential anti-DILI, focusing on the signaling pathway of these drugs' anti-DILI effect, as well as the possibility and prospect of treating DILI by TCM based on hydrogel materials in the future. In conclusion, this review provides new insights to further explore TCM in the treatment of DILI.
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Liang S, Ma X, Li M, Yi Y, Gao Q, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhou D, Xiao S. Novel β-Cyclodextrin-Based Heptavalent Glycyrrhetinic Acid Conjugates: Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Influenza Activity. Front Chem 2022; 10:836955. [PMID: 35494649 PMCID: PMC9039011 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.836955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In our continuing efforts toward the design of novel pentacyclic triterpene derivatives as potential anti-influenza virus entry inhibitors, a series of homogeneous heptavalent glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives based on β-cyclodextrin scaffold were designed and synthesized by click chemistry. The structure was unambiguously characterized by NMR, IR, and MALDI-TOF-MS measurements. Seven conjugates showed sufficient inhibitory activity against influenza virus infection based on the cytopathic effect reduction assay with IC50 values in the micromolar range. The interactions of conjugate 37, the most potent compound (IC50 = 2.86 μM, CC50 > 100 μM), with the influenza virus were investigated using the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Moreover, the surface plasmon resonance assay further confirmed that compound 37 bound to the influenza HA protein specifically with a dissociation constant of 5.15 × 10−7 M. Our results suggest the promising role of β-cyclodextrin as a scaffold for preparing a variety of multivalent compounds as influenza entry inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuobin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Man Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanliang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 8232, Paris, France
| | - Lihe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Demin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicine, Peking University, Ningbo, China
| | - Sulong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Sulong Xiao,
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5
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Dada L, Manzano VE, Varela O. Benzyl Glycosides of Thiodisaccharides. Influence of C‐2 Configuration of the Reducing End and Substitution at Benzyl on the Inhibition of the
E. coli
β‐Galactosidase. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Dada
- Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Departamento de Química Orgánica. Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2 C1428EHA Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR)
| | - Verónica E. Manzano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Departamento de Química Orgánica. Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2 C1428EHA Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR)
| | - Oscar Varela
- Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Departamento de Química Orgánica. Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2 C1428EHA Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR)
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6
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Feng G, Wang S, Lv J, Luo T, Wu Y, Dong H. Improved Synthesis of 1‐Glycosyl Thioacetates and Its Application in the Synthesis of Thioglucoside Gliflozin Analogues. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang‐Jing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science & Technology Luoyu Road 1037 Wuhan 430074 PR China
| | - Shuang‐Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science & Technology Luoyu Road 1037 Wuhan 430074 PR China
| | - Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science & Technology Luoyu Road 1037 Wuhan 430074 PR China
| | - Tao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science & Technology Luoyu Road 1037 Wuhan 430074 PR China
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science & Technology Luoyu Road 1037 Wuhan 430074 PR China
| | - Hai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science & Technology Luoyu Road 1037 Wuhan 430074 PR China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Huazhong University of Science & Technology Luoyu Road 1037 Wuhan 430074 PR China
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7
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In silico and experimental studies of bovine serum albumin-encapsulated carbenoxolone nanoparticles with reduced cytotoxicity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 202:111670. [PMID: 33740634 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbenoxolone (CBX) is a semi-synthetic plant derivative with pleiotropic pharmacological properties like anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activities. Though approved for treatment of gastric ulcers, its use is limited due to adverse effects such as cytotoxicity. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a natural, non-toxic protein with high water-solubility and low immunogenicity, and is widely used as a nanocarrier for targeted drug delivery. In the present study, controlled release BSA-CBX nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by desolvation method to reduce drug cytotoxicity. These NPs showed desirable physicochemical properties such as particle size (∼240 nm), polydispersity index (0.08), zeta potential (-7.12 mV), drug encapsulation efficiency (72 %), and were stable for at least 3 months at room temperature. The drug was released from the BSA-CBX NPs in a biphasic manner in vitro following non-fickian diffusion. Computational analysis determined that the binding between BSA and CBX occurred through van der Waals forces, hydrophobic interactions, and hydrogen bonds with 93 % steric stability. Further, the cytotoxic assays demonstrated ∼1.8-4.9-fold reduction in cytotoxicity using three human cell lines (A549, MCF-7, and U-87). Subsequently, this novel CBX formulation with BSA as an efficient carrier can potentially be used for diverse biomedical applications.
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8
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Qiao M, Zhang L, Jiao R, Zhang S, Li B, Zhang X. Chemical and enzymatic synthesis of S-linked sugars and glycoconjugates. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Nakamura T, Yoshida N, Nishibu A, Mochizuki T. A Mouse Model of Trichophyton Inflammation Based on Trichophytin-induced Contact Hypersensitivity. Med Mycol J 2019; 60:65-70. [PMID: 31474692 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.19.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of Trichophyton-induced superficial skin mycosis is very high among human patients. Dermatophytes generally infect the epidermis, especially the stratum corneum, forming scales, hyperkeratosis, and vesicles. The important roles played by the immune system in Trichophyton infection are detection of fungal invasion and elimination of fungi.These immune mechanisms are presumed to involve not only innate immunity but also acquired immunity. Therefore, there is a substantial need for studies on treatment methods based on new basic knowledge, and the elucidation of immunological mechanisms of Trichophyton-induced inflammatory reactions is especially important.However, since Trichophyton cannot colonize on the mouse skin, we tried to develop a model for Trichophyton inflammation induced by trichophytin extracted from Trichophyton mentagrophytes using a method based on contact hypersensitivity.Trichophytin is a crude extract that mainly contains fungal cell wall constituents including β-glucan and zymosan. In this model, TLR2, TLR4, and dectin-1 were highly expressed, and production of IL-17A and IL23 was observed. This indicates that we succeeded in inducing fungal-specific inflammation in the mice.In this review, we introduce a mouse Trichophyton inflammation model developed to investigate the immunological mechanisms of Trichophyton-induced inflammatory reactions. In addition, we report results of evaluation of anti-inflammatory and anti-itching effects of anti-fungal agents using the inflammation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nakamura
- Department of R&D Center, Ikeda Mohando Co., Ltd.,Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University
| | | | - Akiko Nishibu
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University
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10
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Abu-Izneid T, Rauf A, Bawazeer S, Wadood A, Patel S. Anti-Dengue, Cytotoxicity, Antifungal, and In Silico Study of the Newly Synthesized 3- O-Phospo-α- D-Glucopyranuronic Acid Compound. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8648956. [PMID: 30627577 PMCID: PMC6304533 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8648956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to synthesize new bioactive compounds and evaluate their therapeutic relevance. The chemical structure of compound 7 (methyl 3-O-phospo-α-D-glucopyranuronic acid was elucidated by physical and advance spectral technique. Also, this compound was assessed for various in vitro biological screening. The results showed that compound 7 has promising antifungal activity against selected fungal strains. Computational study was also carried out to find antimalarial efficacy of the synthesized compounds. Compounds (2-7) were tested for cytotoxicity by MTT assay, and no considerable cytotoxicity was observed. Molecular docking study was performed to predict the binding modes of new compound (7). The docking results revealed that the compound has strong attraction towards the target protein, as characterized by good bonding networks. On the basis of the acquired results, it can be predicted that compound (7) might show good inhibitory activity against dengue envelope protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Abu-Izneid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain Campus, UAE
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Saud Bawazeer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego 92182, USA
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11
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Ibrahim N, Alami M, Messaoudi S. Recent Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Functionalization of 1-Thiosugars. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nada Ibrahim
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; University Paris-Saclay; 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Mouad Alami
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; University Paris-Saclay; 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Samir Messaoudi
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; University Paris-Saclay; 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
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12
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Ge JT, Zhou L, Zhao FL, Dong H. Straightforward S-S Bond Formation via the Oxidation of S-Acetyl by Iodine in the Presence of N-Iodosuccinimide. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12613-12623. [PMID: 29084384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Straightforward S-S bond formation via the oxidation of S-acetyl group by iodine was reported here. The reaction was further applied in the synthesis of per-O-acetylated glycosyl disulfides. These studies demonstrated great improvement in reaction rate, yield, and general convenience in the presence of N-iodosuccinimide. Furthermore, selectively deacetylated glycosyl thiols were obtained in high yields when these per-O-acetylated glycosyl disulfides were reduced with tris(2-carboxyethyl)-phosphine (TCEP). Our method supplied an efficient way to obtain both per-O-acetylated glycosyl disulfides and per-O-acetylated glycosyl thiols in which the sulfur group was located at any position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Tao Ge
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology , Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Lang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology , Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Fu-Long Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology , Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Hai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology , Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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13
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Yang G, Zhang L, Ma L, Jiang R, Kuang G, Li K, Tie H, Wang B, Chen X, Xie T, Gong X, Wan J. Glycyrrhetinic acid prevents acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury via the inhibition of CYP2E1 expression and HMGB1-TLR4 signal activation in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 50:186-193. [PMID: 28668488 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug, which is safe and effective at the therapeutic dose. Unfortunately, excessive dosage of APAP could cause severe liver injury due to lack of effective therapy. Successful therapeutic strategies are urgently requested in clinic. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), derived from a traditional medicine licorice, has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. In this study, the effect and the underlying mechanism of GA on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity were explored. Our results showed that pretreatment with GA significantly reduced serum ALT and AST activities, alleviated hepatic pathological damages with hepatocellular apoptosis, down-regulated expression of CYP2E1 mRNA and protein, increased GSH levels, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) productions in the liver of APAP-exposed mice. Furthermore, GA obviously inhibited APAP-induced HMGB1-TLR4 signal activation, as evaluated by reduced hepatic HMGB1 release, p-IRAK1, p-MAPK and p-IκB expression as well as the productions of TNF-α and IL-1β. In addition, GA attenuated hepatic neutrophils recruitment and macrophages infiltration caused by APAP. These findings reflected that GA could alleviate APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, the possible mechanism is associated with down-regulation of CYP2E1 expression and deactivation of HMGB1-TLR4 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genling Yang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, China
| | - Ge Kuang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, China
| | - Hongtao Tie
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Tianjun Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, China
| | - Xia Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jingyuan Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, China.
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14
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Yerien DE, Barata-Vallejo S, Camps B, Cristófalo AE, Cano ME, Uhrig ML, Postigo A. Electron-catalyzed radical perfluoroalkylation of organic sulfides: the serendipitous use of the TMEDA/I2 complex as a radical initiator. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00236j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The (TMEDA)I·I3 complex as a new radical initiator for the perfluoroalkylation of RSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. E. Yerien
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- CP 1113-Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - S. Barata-Vallejo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- CP 1113-Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - B. Camps
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- CP 1113-Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - A. E. Cristófalo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Buenos Aires
| | - M. E. Cano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Buenos Aires
| | - M. L. Uhrig
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Buenos Aires
| | - A. Postigo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- CP 1113-Buenos Aires
- Argentina
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15
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Langer D, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Goslinski T. Glycyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives in infectious diseases. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/cipms-2016-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction. Licorice or liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra, Leguminosae) is a perennial plant naturally occurring or cultivated in Europe and Asia. It was appreciated by many ancient cultures, and was employed within Arabic medicine and (beginning in the Middle Ages) in Europe folk medicine as a remedy for many diseases. Currently, the sweet flavoured root of this plant – Radix Glycyrrhizae (Liquirtiae), is widely taken for the treating of various upper respiratory tract diseases, as well as for gastric ulcer disease. It is also utilized as a sweetening and flavouring agent in the food, tobacco and pharmacy industries. The main active ingredient of liquorice is the triterpenoid saponin, glycyrrhizin, which is a mixture of calcium, magnesium and potassium salts of glycyrrhizic acid (GA). Glycyrrhizic acid is composed of an aglycone, that is 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GE), and a D-glucuronic acid dimer. The aim of this review is to discuss some aspects of the activity of glycyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives in infectious diseases.
State of knowledge. The pentacyclic system of glycyrrhetinic acid consists of condensed six-membered rings with a hydroxyl group at C-3, a carboxyl moiety at C-30 and a ketone functional group at C-11. Considering the presence of the above mentioned functional groups, many structural transformations have been proposed, including those by way of esterification, alkylation and reduction reactions. The introduction of various chemical residues into its structure, as well as the modification of the glycyrrhetinic acid in its pentacyclic triterpene skeleton, has led to the generation of compounds with many valuable antimicrobial, anti-parasitic, antiviral properties and modified lipophilic parameters.
Summary. In summary, glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives appear to have promise as active pharmaceutical ingredients that contain a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Langer
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Goslinski
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
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Nakamura T, Nishibu A, Yoshida N, Yasoshima M, Anzawa K, Watanabe Y, Nagai Y, Takatsu K, Ogawa K, Mochizuki T. Glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits contact hypersensitivity induced by trichophytin via dectin-1. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:299-304. [PMID: 26739065 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Trichophyton infection is highly prevalent and tends to be recurrent. Therefore, it is important to develop new therapeutic agents. Previously, we established a mouse model of Trichophyton-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) and demonstrated that dectin-1 was involved in inflammation induced by trichophytin, the Trichophyton antigen. Here, we used that model to investigate glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) from plants of the genus Glycyrrhiza as a potential anti-inflammatory agent against superficial mycoses. GA suppressed swelling and the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA. Anti-MIP-2 antibody suppressed trichophytin-induced inflammation, and antidectin-1 antibody suppressed zymosan-induced MIP-2 production in keratinocyte cells. These results suggest that MIP-2 is produced by dectin-1 activation and is involved in inflammation associated with CHS to trichophytin. GA also suppressed zymosan-induced MIP-2 and interleukin (IL)-8, production in mouse and human macrophages and keratinocytes. Furthermore, GA suppressed the phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B (IκBα) and the degradation of IκBα in zymosan-simulated RAW264.7 cells. The results of this study suggest that GA suppresses inflammation induced by trichophytin, partly by the downregulation of Syk phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nakamura
- Department of R&D Center, Ikeda Mohando Co., Ltd, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Nishibu
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshida
- Department of R&D Center, Ikeda Mohando Co., Ltd, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Kazushi Anzawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Watanabe
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nagai
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takatsu
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ogawa
- Department of R&D Center, Ikeda Mohando Co., Ltd, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Mochizuki
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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GASPARINI R, AMICIZIA D, LAI P, BRAGAZZI N, PANATTO D. Compounds with anti-influenza activity: present and future of strategies for the optimal treatment and management of influenza. Part II: Future compounds against influenza virus. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2014; 55:109-29. [PMID: 26137785 PMCID: PMC4718316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In the first part of this overview, we described the life cycle of the influenza virus and the pharmacological action of the currently available drugs. This second part provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms and targets of still-experimental drugs for the treatment and management of influenza. Briefly, we can distinguish between compounds with anti-influenza activity that target influenza virus proteins or genes, and molecules that target host components that are essential for viral replication and propagation. These latter compounds have been developed quite recently. Among the first group, we will focus especially on hemagglutinin, M2 channel and neuraminidase inhibitors. The second group of compounds may pave the way for personalized treatment and influenza management. Combination therapies are also discussed. In recent decades, few antiviral molecules against influenza virus infections have been available; this has conditioned their use during human and animal outbreaks. Indeed, during seasonal and pandemic outbreaks, antiviral drugs have usually been administered in mono-therapy and, sometimes, in an uncontrolled manner to farm animals. This has led to the emergence of viral strains displaying resistance, especially to compounds of the amantadane family. For this reason, it is particularly important to develop new antiviral drugs against influenza viruses. Indeed, although vaccination is the most powerful means of mitigating the effects of influenza epidemics, antiviral drugs can be very useful, particularly in delaying the spread of new pandemic viruses, thereby enabling manufacturers to prepare large quantities of pandemic vaccine. In addition, antiviral drugs are particularly valuable in complicated cases of influenza, especially in hospitalized patients. To write this overview, we mined various databases, including Embase, PubChem, DrugBank and Chemical Abstracts Service, and patent repositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. GASPARINI
- Correspondence: R. Gasparini, Department of Health Sciences of Genoa University, via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy - E-mail:
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Lindhorst TK. Multivalent glycosystems for nanoscience. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:2345-7. [PMID: 25383104 PMCID: PMC4222442 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thisbe K Lindhorst
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3/4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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Zu L, Zhao Y, Gu G. Recent Development in the Synthesis of Natural Saponins and Their Derivatives. J Carbohydr Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2014.957387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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