1
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Rao BV, Johns J, Galan MC. Expedient synthesis of mucin-type oligosaccharide analogues using alkynyl glycosyl carbonate donors. Carbohydr Res 2025; 553:109497. [PMID: 40339379 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2025.109497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2025] [Revised: 04/04/2025] [Accepted: 04/16/2025] [Indexed: 05/10/2025]
Abstract
Access to mucin-type O-glycans as tools to help further our understanding of the biological role of these complex molecules is of great importance. Herein we report the development of an efficient and practical synthetic strategy for the synthesis of 1-azidopropyl functionalised di- and trisaccharide mucin analogues using alkynyl glycosyl carbonate donors that can be activated using gold(I)/silver(I) salts. The reactions are high yielding and stereoselective, which allows us to streamline the overall process by telescoping several steps without the need for purification after each step.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Johns
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS1 8TS, UK
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS1 8TS, UK.
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2
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Ding XG, Zheng J, Cai XR, Su J, Wang Q, Wang YW, Liu XN, Liang XY. A mild deprotection of isopropylidene ketals from 2-deoxyglycosides using AcOH/H 2O/DME: An efficient regioselective deprotection of terminal isopropylidene ketals. Carbohydr Res 2024; 541:109167. [PMID: 38823063 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This paper describes a mild and efficient catalytic deprotection method for isopropylidene ketals and benzylidene acetals using AcOH/H2O/DME(1,2-Dimethoxyethane). The method effectively removes ketal and acetal protecting groups from 2-deoxyglycosides which are prone to hydrolysis under acidic conditions. Moreover, it enables the selective removal of the terminal ketal over an internal one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Gang Ding
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Wuliangye Yibin Co., Ltd., Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, China
| | - Xian-Rong Cai
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Jian Su
- Wuliangye Yibin Co., Ltd., Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Ying-Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Liu
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China.
| | - Xing-Yong Liang
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China.
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3
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Dorst KM, Widmalm G. NMR chemical shift prediction and structural elucidation of linker-containing oligo- and polysaccharides using the computer program CASPER. Carbohydr Res 2023; 533:108937. [PMID: 37734222 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate structures containing alkyl groups as aglycones are useful for investigating enzyme activity and glycan-protein interactions. Moreover, linker-containing oligosaccharides with a spacer group are commonly used to print glycan microarrays or to prepare protein-conjugates as vaccine candidates. The structural accuracy of these synthesized glycans are essential for interpretation of results from biological experiments in which the compounds have been used and NMR spectroscopy can unravel and confirm their structures. An approach for efficient 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments employed a parallel NOAH-10 measurement followed by NMR spin-simulation to refine the 1H NMR chemical shifts, as exemplified for a disaccharide with an azidoethyl group as an aglycone, the NMR chemical shifts of which have been used to enhance the quality of CASPER (http://www.casper.organ.su.se/casper/). The CASPER program has been further developed to aid characterization of linker-containing oligo- and polysaccharides, either by chemical shift prediction for comparison to experimental NMR data or as structural investigation of synthesized glycans based on acquired unassigned NMR data. The ability of CASPER to elucidate structures of linker-containing oligosaccharides is demonstrated and comparisons to assigned or unassigned NMR data show the utility of CASPER in supporting a proposed oligosaccharide structure. Prediction of NMR chemical shifts of an oligosaccharide, corresponding to the repeating unit of an O-antigen polysaccharide, having a linker as an aglycone and a non-natural substituent derivative thereof are presented to exemplify the diversity of structures handled. Furthermore, NMR chemical shift predictions of synthesized polysaccharides, corresponding to bacterial polysaccharides, containing a linker are described showing that in addition to oligosaccharide structures also polysaccharide structures having an aglycone spacer group can be analyzed by CASPER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Dorst
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Gupta S, Sharma A, Mondal D, Bera S. Advancement of the Cleavage Methods of Carbohydrate-derived Isopropylidene and Cyclohexylidene Ketals. CURR ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272826666220426104217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Carbohydrates, amino acids, and nucleosides, the fundamental building blocks of complex biomolecules in nature, are essential starting materials for the fabrication of natural and unnatural structural entities, which necessitate the masking and demasking of various functional groups with the utmost chemoselectivity, mildness, and efficiency to avoid unintended bond breaking and formation, as well as associated reactions. Ketals, benzylidene, methoxymethyl, p-methoxybenzyl, silyl ethers, trityl, tert-butyl carbamate, and other functional groups are widely used in modern organic synthesis. In carbohydrate chemistry, the commonly used protecting functionality of isopropylidene and cyclohexylidene ketals necessitates effective methods for selective cleavage. This review summarises different methods for deblocking isopropylidene and cyclohexylidene ketals using inorganic acids, Lewis acid, silica-supported inorganic acids, Amberlite-120 (H+) resin, phosphotungstic acid, Nafion-H, NaBArF4.2H2O, montmorillonite clay, Dowex 50W-X8, camphorsulphonic acid (CSA), ceric ammonium nitrate, molecular iodine, ionic liquids, zeolites and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Gupta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India
| | - Anjali Sharma
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India
| | - Dhananjoy Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India
| | - Smritilekha Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India
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5
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Wakao M, Miyahara T, Iiboshi K, Hashiguchi N, Masunaga N, Suda Y. Synthesis of mucin type core 3 and core 5 structures and their interaction analysis with sugar chips. Carbohydr Res 2022; 516:108565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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6
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Johnson SE, Galan MC. Synthesis of 2-deoxy mucin-type O-glycan analogues as biological probes. Carbohydr Res 2022; 514:108542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Liu M, Qin X, Ye XS. Glycan Assembly Strategy: From Concept to Application. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3256-3277. [PMID: 34498347 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycans have been hot topics in recent years due to their exhibition of numerous biological activities. However, the heterogeneity of their natural source and the complexity of their chemical synthesis impede the progress in their biological research. Thus, the development of glycan assembly strategies to acquire plenty of structurally well-defined glycans is an important issue in carbohydrate chemistry. In this review, the latest advances in glycan assembly strategies from concepts to their applications in carbohydrate synthesis, including chemical and enzymatic/chemo-enzymatic approaches, as well as solution-phase and solid-phase/tag-assisted synthesis, are summarized. Furthermore, the automated glycan assembly techniques are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xianjin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
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8
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Pham J, Hernandez A, Cioce A, Achilli S, Goti G, Vivès C, Thepaut M, Bernardi A, Fieschi F, Reichardt NC. Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of S. mansoni O-Glycans and Their Evaluation as Ligands for C-Type Lectin Receptors MGL, DC-SIGN, and DC-SIGNR. Chemistry 2020; 26:12818-12830. [PMID: 32939912 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to their interactions with C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), glycans from the helminth Schistosoma mansoni represent promising leads for treatment of autoimmune diseases, allergies or cancer. We chemo-enzymatically synthesized nine O-glycans based on the two predominant O-glycan cores observed in the infectious stages of schistosomiasis, the mucin core 2 and the S. mansoni core. The O-glycans were fucosylated next to a selection of N-glycans directly on a microarray slide using a recombinant fucosyltransferase and GDP-fucose or GDP-6-azidofucose as donor. Binding assays with fluorescently labelled human CLRs DC-SIGN, DC-SIGNR and MGL revealed the novel O-glycan O8 as the best ligand for MGL from our panel. Significant binding to DC-SIGN was also found for azido-fucosylated glycans. Contrasting binding specificities were observed between the monovalent carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and the tetravalent extracellular domain (ECD) of DC-SIGNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Pham
- CIC biomaGUNE, Glycotechnology Group, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alvaro Hernandez
- CIC biomaGUNE, Glycotechnology Group, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.,Asparia Glycomics S.L., Mikeletegi 83, 20009, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Anna Cioce
- CIC biomaGUNE, Glycotechnology Group, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Silvia Achilli
- CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38100, Grenoble, France.,Present address: DCM, UMR 5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Giulio Goti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Corinne Vivès
- CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38100, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Thepaut
- CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38100, Grenoble, France
| | - Anna Bernardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Franck Fieschi
- CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38100, Grenoble, France
| | - Niels-Christian Reichardt
- CIC biomaGUNE, Glycotechnology Group, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.,Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
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9
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Labrada KP, Strobl S, Eckmair B, Blaukopf M, Dutkiewicz Z, Hykollari A, Malzl D, Paschinger K, Yan S, Wilson IBH, Kosma P. Zwitterionic Phosphodiester-Substituted Neoglycoconjugates as Ligands for Antibodies and Acute Phase Proteins. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:369-377. [PMID: 31935056 PMCID: PMC7046318 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zwitterionic modifications of glycans, such as phosphorylcholine and phosphoethanolamine, are known from a range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic species and are recognized by mammalian antibodies and pentraxins; however, defined saccharide ligands modified with these zwitterionic moieties for high-throughput studies are lacking. In this study, we prepared and tested example mono- and disaccharides 6-substituted with either phosphorylcholine or phosphoethanolamine as bovine serum albumin neoglycoconjugates or printed in a microarray format for subsequent assessment of their binding to lectins, pentraxins, and antibodies. C-Reactive protein and anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies bound specifically to ligands with phosphorylcholine, but recognition by concanavalin A was abolished or decreased as compared with that to the corresponding nonzwitterionic compounds. Furthermore, in array format, the phosphorylcholine-modified ligands were recognized by IgG and IgM in sera of either non-infected or nematode-infected dogs and pigs. Thereby, these new compounds are defined ligands which allow the assessment of glycan-bound phosphorylcholine as a target of both the innate and adaptive immune systems in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karell Pérez Labrada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Strobl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Eckmair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Blaukopf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zuzanna Dutkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alba Hykollari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Malzl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Paschinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Iain B. H. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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10
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Mucin O-glycan microarrays. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 56:187-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2013-2014. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:353-491. [PMID: 29687922 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review is the eighth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2014. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly- saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:353-491, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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12
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Liu JL, Zhang YT, Liu HF, Zhou L, Chen J. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Stereoselective Glycosylation of 2-Nitrogalactals. Org Lett 2017; 19:5272-5275. [PMID: 28906121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An efficient N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed glycosylation of 2-nitrogalactals with alcohols and phenol has been developed for the first time. A wide variety of 1,2-cis-2-nitroglycosides can be obtained with good to excellent yields and high to excellent α-selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Hang-Fan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
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13
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Medina S, Harper MJ, Balmond EI, Miranda S, Crisenza GEM, Coe DM, McGarrigle EM, Galan MC. Stereoselective Glycosylation of 2-Nitrogalactals Catalyzed by a Bifunctional Organocatalyst. Org Lett 2016; 18:4222-5. [PMID: 27529800 PMCID: PMC5049936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
use of a bifunctional cinchona/thiourea organocatalyst for
the direct and α-stereoselective glycosylation of 2-nitrogalactals
is demonstrated for the first time. The conditions are mild, practical,
and applicable to a wide range of glycoside acceptors with products
being isolated in good to excellent yields. The method is exemplified
in the synthesis of mucin type Core 6 and 7 glycopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Medina
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Harper
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Edward I Balmond
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Miranda
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Giacomo E M Crisenza
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Diane M Coe
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Eoghan M McGarrigle
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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14
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Bera S, Mondal D, Martin JT, Singh M. Potential effect of ultrasound on carbohydrates. Carbohydr Res 2015; 410:15-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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