Risk Markers for the Graded Severity of Auditory Processing Abnormality in an Older Australian Population: The Blue Mountains Hearing Study

Self-Assessed Hearing Handicap in Older Adults With Poorer-Than-Predicted Speech Recognition in Noise

PURPOSE

Even older adults with relatively mild hearing loss report hearing handicap, suggesting that hearing handicap is not completely explained by reduced speech audibility.

METHOD

We examined the extent to which self-assessed ratings of hearing handicap using the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE; Ventry & Weinstein, 1982) were significantly associated with measures of speech recognition in noise that controlled for differences in speech audibility.

RESULTS

One hundred sixty-two middle-aged and older adults had HHIE total scores that were significantly associated with audibility-adjusted measures of speech recognition for low-context but not high-context sentences. These findings were driven by HHIE items involving negative feelings related to communication difficulties that also captured variance in subjective ratings of effort and frustration that predicted speech recognition. The average pure-tone threshold accounted for some of the variance in the association between the HHIE and audibility-adjusted speech recognition, suggesting an effect of central and peripheral auditory system decline related to elevated thresholds.

CONCLUSION

The accumulation of difficult listening experiences appears to produce a self-assessment of hearing handicap resulting from (a) reduced audibility of stimuli, (b) declines in the central and peripheral auditory system function, and (c) additional individual variation in central nervous system function.

Non-verbal visual reinforcement affects speech audiometry in the elderly

The purpose of this study was to investigate how non-verbal visual reinforcement provided by the audiologist during speech testing influences performance in the elderly. Thirty-two volunteers with age-related hearing loss with or without dual sensory-impairment (DSI), were administered a speech audiometry test in which they repeated lists of ten disyllabic words in two different conditions, namely with and without visual reinforcement. In the conditions of "with visual reinforcement", the tester provided non-verbal cues to acknowledge the response of each participant. The "visual reinforcement" condition did not apparently provide any significant variation in the results. However, when we considered the group of patients without DSI, the non-verbal "visual reinforcement" resulted in better scores (p < 0.001). Non-verbal visual reinforcement may influence speech audiometry results in the elderly. During speech testing of elderly people with age-related hearing loss, audiologists should always remember to administer visual reinforcement to the patients in order to remove a possible confounding factor from audiological evaluation.

Auditory processing assessment in older people with no report of hearing disability

In the elderly, the results of central auditory pathways behavioral assessments are considered to be difficult to read because of the possible interference of peripheral auditory pathway involvement. Aim: Assess the efficacy of the central auditory function in elderly patients who do not complain of hearing. Materials and Methods: Case study involving 40 individuals within the age range of 60 to 75 years. The patients underwent auditory processing evaluation based on anamnesis, otorhinolaryngological exam, threshold tonal audiometry, speech recognition threshold, speech recognition index, immittance measures, stapes reflex study, synthetic phrases identification test with ipsilateral competitive message, frequency pattern test and alternate twin-syllable test through dichotic task; age range and hearing loss influenced results from the phrases identification with ipsilateral competitive message. Percentages of right answers below normal standards were seen in the three tests that assessed the central auditory functions. Conclusion: Elderly individuals who did not complain of hearing presented relevant prevalence of signs of central auditory function inefficiencies.

Avaliação do processamento auditivo em idosos que relatam ouvir bem

Em idosos, os resultados da avaliação comportamental das vias auditivas centrais são considerados de difícil interpretação devido à possível interferência do comprometimento das vias auditivas periféricas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficiência das funções auditivas centrais de idosos que relatam ouvir bem. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo de casos que incluiu 40 indivíduos na faixa etária de 60 a 75 anos. Os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação do processamento auditivo que constou de anamnese, exame otorrinolaringológico, audiometria tonal liminar, limiar de reconhecimento de fala, índice de reconhecimento de fala, imitanciometria, pesquisa de reflexos estapedianos, teste de identificação de sentenças sintéticas com mensagem competitiva ipsilateral, teste de padrões de freqüência e teste de dissílabos alternados por meio de tarefa dicótica. RESULTADOS: Gênero, faixa etária e perda auditiva não influenciaram os resultados dos testes de padrões de freqüência e dissílabos alternados por meio de tarefa dicótica; faixa etária e perda auditiva influenciaram os resultados do teste de identificação de sentenças com mensagem competitiva ipsilateral. Porcentagens de acertos abaixo dos padrões da normalidade de adultos foram observadas nos três testes que acessam as funções auditivas centrais. CONCLUSÃO: Indivíduos idosos que relatam ouvir bem apresentam prevalência relevante de sinais de ineficiência das funções auditivas centrais.

Longitudinal changes in speech recognition in older persons

Recognition of isolated monosyllabic words in quiet and recognition of key words in low- and high-context sentences in babble were measured in a large sample of older persons enrolled in a longitudinal study of age-related hearing loss. Repeated measures were obtained yearly or every 2 to 3 years. To control for concurrent changes in pure-tone thresholds and speech levels, speech-recognition scores were adjusted using an importance-weighted speech-audibility metric (AI). Linear-regression slope estimated the rate of change in adjusted speech-recognition scores. Recognition of words in quiet declined significantly faster with age than predicted by declines in speech audibility. As subjects aged, observed scores deviated increasingly from AI-predicted scores, but this effect did not accelerate with age. Rate of decline in word recognition was significantly faster for females than males and for females with high serum progesterone levels, whereas noise history had no effect. Rate of decline did not accelerate with age but increased with degree of hearing loss, suggesting that with more severe injury to the auditory system, impairments to auditory function other than reduced audibility resulted in faster declines in word recognition as subjects aged. Recognition of key words in low- and high-context sentences in babble did not decline significantly with age.

Population prevalence of the MELAS A3243G mutation

We aimed to establish the population prevalence of the MELAS 3243A>G mtDNA mutation in a large Caucasian-based population (n=2954; 99% Caucasian, 57% women and mean age of 66.4 years). All participants underwent comprehensive clinical evaluation including audiologic testing. We detected the 3243A>G mutation in seven subjects using standard polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism methods, establishing a population prevalence of 236/100000 (0.24%; 95% CI 0.10-0.49%); much higher than previously reported. All had mild to moderate hearing loss. Our findings indicate that subjects with the 3243A>G mtDNA mutation could be markedly under-recognised in the community.