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Ayabe S, Kimura Y, Umei N, Takikawa Y, Kakutani K, Matsuda Y, Nonomura T. Real-Time Collection of Conidia Released from Living Single Colonies of Podosphaera aphanis on Strawberry Leaves under Natural Conditions with Electrostatic Techniques. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3453. [PMID: 36559568 PMCID: PMC9785730 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew fungi produce progeny conidia on conidiophores, and promote the spread of powdery mildew diseases by dispersal of the conidia from conidiophores in the natural environment. To gain insights and devise strategies for preventing the spread of powdery mildew infection, it is important to clarify the ecological mechanism of conidial dispersal from conidiophores. In this study, all of the progeny conidia released from single colonies of strawberry powdery mildew fungus (Podosphaera aphanis (Wallroth) U. Braun and S. Takamatsu var. aphanis KSP-7N) on true leaves of living strawberry plants (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier cv. Sagahonoka) were consecutively collected over the lifetime of the colony with an electrostatic rotational spore collector (insulator drum) under greenhouse conditions, and counted under a high-fidelity digital microscope. The insulator drum consisted of a round plastic container, copper film, thin and transparent collector film, electrostatic voltage generator, and timer mechanism. When negative charge was supplied from the voltage generator to the copper film, the collector film created an attractive force to trap conidia. The electrostatically activated collector film successfully attracted progeny conidia released from the colony. Experiment was carried out at just one colony on one leaf for each month (in February, May, July, October, November, and December in 2021), respectively. Each collector film was exchanged for a new collector film at 24 h intervals until KSP-7N ceased to release progeny conidia from single colonies. Collection experiments were carried out to estimate the total number of conidia released from a single KSP-7N colony over a 35-45-day period after inoculation. During the fungal lifetime, KSP-7N released an average of 6.7 × 104 conidia from each of the single colonies at approximately 816 h. In addition, conidial release from KSP-7N colonies was largely affected by the light intensity and day length throughout a year; the number of conidia released from single KSP-7N colonies in night-time was clearly smaller than that in daytime, and the time of conidial release from single KSP-7N colonies was shorter by approximately 2 to 4 h in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. The ecological characteristics related to conidial releases from KSP-7N colonies will be helpful information for us to successfully suppress the spread of strawberry powdery mildews onto host plants under greenhouse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuka Ayabe
- Department of Agriculture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kimura
- Department of Agriculture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Naoki Umei
- Department of Agriculture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takikawa
- Plant Center, Institute of Advanced Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama 642-0017, Japan
| | - Koji Kakutani
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute and Anti-Aging Centers, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Matsuda
- Department of Agriculture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Teruo Nonomura
- Department of Agriculture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, Japan
- Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, Japan
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Solano-Báez AR, Leyva-Mir SG, Camacho-Tapia M, Victoria-Arellano AD, Rodríguez-Bautista G, Sánchez-Rosas CS, Márquez-Licona G. First Report of Podosphaera aphanis Causing Powdery Mildew on Wild Blackberry Species ( Rubus Species) in Mexico. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:PDIS05210932PDN. [PMID: 34282927 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-21-0932-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A R Solano-Báez
- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Maestría en Fitopatología y Medio Ambiente, 81217, Ahome, Sinaloa, México
| | - S G Leyva-Mir
- Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Texcoco, 56230, Estado de México, México
| | - M Camacho-Tapia
- Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Servicio Agroalimentario y Forestal, Texcoco, 56230, Estado de México, México
| | - A D Victoria-Arellano
- Laboratório de Interação Planta Patógeno, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Pelotas, 96010-610, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - G Rodríguez-Bautista
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Autlán, 48900, Jalisco, México
| | - C S Sánchez-Rosas
- Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Texcoco, 56230, Estado de México, México
| | - G Márquez-Licona
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, 62731, Yautepec, Morelos, México
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Liu SY, Jin D, Götz M, Bradshaw M, Liu M, Takamatsu S, Braun U. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Podosphaera filipendulae ( Erysiphaceae) revisited. MYCOSCIENCE 2021; 62:390-394. [PMID: 37090177 PMCID: PMC9721504 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The phylogeny and taxonomy of Podosphaera filipendulae (including P. filipendulensis, syn. nov.) have been examined. Asian, European and North American collections were examined and the nucleotides sequences of their partial rDNA region were determined. In particular, the relationship between P. filipendulae and P. spiraeae was analysed. The results confirmed P. filipendulae and P. spiraeae as two separate, morphologically similar species. The phylogenetic analysis revealed a similar phylogeny to that of the host genera. Although ITS sequences retrieved from Asian, European and North American specimens of P. filipendulae on various Filipendula spp. are identical to sequences from P. macularis on hop, there is consistently one base substitution at the 5'-end of 28S rRNA gene between the species. This result provides evidence that the hop powdery mildew and P. filipendulae are biologically and morphologically clearly distinguished, and should be maintained as two separate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yan Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University
| | - Danni Jin
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University
| | - Monika Götz
- Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, JKI, Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants
| | | | - Miao Liu
- Biodiversity and Bioresources, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
| | | | - Uwe Braun
- Martin Luther University, Institute of Biology, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden
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Yuan HS, Lu X, Dai YC, Hyde KD, Kan YH, Kušan I, He SH, Liu NG, Sarma VV, Zhao CL, Cui BK, Yousaf N, Sun G, Liu SY, Wu F, Lin CG, Dayarathne MC, Gibertoni TB, Conceição LB, Garibay-Orijel R, Villegas-Ríos M, Salas-Lizana R, Wei TZ, Qiu JZ, Yu ZF, Phookamsak R, Zeng M, Paloi S, Bao DF, Abeywickrama PD, Wei DP, Yang J, Manawasinghe IS, Harishchandra D, Brahmanage RS, de Silva NI, Tennakoon DS, Karunarathna A, Gafforov Y, Pem D, Zhang SN, de Azevedo Santiago ALCM, Bezerra JDP, Dima B, Acharya K, Alvarez-Manjarrez J, Bahkali AH, Bhatt VK, Brandrud TE, Bulgakov TS, Camporesi E, Cao T, Chen YX, Chen YY, Devadatha B, Elgorban AM, Fan LF, Du X, Gao L, Gonçalves CM, Gusmão LFP, Huanraluek N, Jadan M, Jayawardena RS, Khalid AN, Langer E, Lima DX, de Lima-Júnior NC, de Lira CRS, Liu JK(J, Liu S, Lumyong S, Luo ZL, Matočec N, Niranjan M, Oliveira-Filho JRC, Papp V, Pérez-Pazos E, Phillips AJL, Qiu PL, Ren Y, Ruiz RFC, Semwal KC, Soop K, de Souza CAF, Souza-Motta CM, Sun LH, Xie ML, Yao YJ, Zhao Q, Zhou LW. Fungal diversity notes 1277–1386: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. FUNGAL DIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-020-00461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, Chen YJ, Papp V, Palla B, Papp D, Bhunjun CS, Hurdeal VG, Senwanna C, Manawasinghe IS, Harischandra DL, Gautam AK, Avasthi S, Chuankid B, Goonasekara ID, Hongsanan S, Zeng X, Liyanage KK, Liu N, Karunarathna A, Hapuarachchi KK, Luangharn T, Raspé O, Brahmanage R, Doilom M, Lee HB, Mei L, Jeewon R, Huanraluek N, Chaiwan N, Stadler M, Wang Y. One stop shop IV: taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera: 76–100 (2020). FUNGAL DIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-020-00460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis is a continuation of a series focused on providing a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi and fungus-like organisms. This paper focuses on one family: Erysiphaceae and 24 phytopathogenic genera: Armillaria, Barriopsis, Cercospora, Cladosporium, Clinoconidium, Colletotrichum, Cylindrocladiella, Dothidotthia,, Fomitopsis, Ganoderma, Golovinomyces, Heterobasidium, Meliola, Mucor, Neoerysiphe, Nothophoma, Phellinus, Phytophthora, Pseudoseptoria, Pythium, Rhizopus, Stemphylium, Thyrostroma and Wojnowiciella. Each genus is provided with a taxonomic background, distribution, hosts, disease symptoms, and updated backbone trees. Species confirmed with pathogenicity studies are denoted when data are available. Six of the genera are updated from previous entries as many new species have been described.
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Stevanović M, Vojvodić M, Kovačević S, Aleksić G, Živković S, Bulajic A. First report of powdery mildew of blackberry caused by Podosphaera aphanis in Serbia. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 105:503-503. [PMID: 32886040 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1171-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Blackberries (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) are popular, wild fruits with high content of antioxidants and thus with beneficial effect on the human health (Reyes-Carmona et al. 2005). In July 2019 and May 2020, plants with typical powdery mildew symptoms were collected in the blackberry cv. 'Triple crown' orchard (of 2 ha in size) in the vicinity of Pakovraće (Moravica District, Serbia). The symptoms observed in 2019 included mild chlorotic spots on both old and young leaves accompanied by the white powdery mildew colonies on the surface of the leaves, visible on both primorcanes and floricanes. In 2020, even more intensive symptoms occurred on fruit bearing shoots which were covered with dense white fungal growth. Heavily infected leaves turned necrotic along the edges, followed by defoliation. Disease incidence was calculated by randomly counting and rating 100 plants in four replications and estimated to be over 90% while disease severity was estimated to be over 40%. Morphological characteristics were assessed using bright-field and phase-contrast microscopy (Jankovics et al. 2011) and revealed the presence of unbranched, erect conidiophores (N=50, 75 to 200 μm) with cylindrical foot-cell and up to five short cells. Conidia were unicellular, hyaline and ellipsoid-barrel-shaped (N=50, 22.5 to 35.5 × 12.5 to 15 μm) containing fibrosin bodies (in 3% KOH). All observed characteristics resembled to Podosphaera spp. (Braun and Takamatsu 2000). The presence of chasmothecia was not recorded. Further molecular identification was conducted using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis of two isolates, 420G-19 and 30G-20, sampled in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Total DNA was extracted directly from epiphytic mycelium on the leaves using DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) following the manufacturer's instructions. PCR amplification and sequencing were performed with primers ITS1F and ITS4 (Takamatsu et al. 2010). The nucleotide sequence of the representative isolates 420G-19 (530 bp) and 30G-20 (530 bp) (Accession No. MN914995 and MT514661) shared 100% identity, while both shared 99.49 to 99.81% nt identity with 32 Podosphaera aphanis strawberry and raspberry isolates in the GenBank (the highest 99.81% with GU942455, Harvey and Xu 2010), confirming that powdery mildew of blackberry in Serbia is caused by P. aphanis. In order to fulfill Koch's postulates, 10 rooted, healthy blackberry plants cv. 'Triple crown' were dusted with conidia of isolate 30G-20 and incubated at 23°C under the high relative humidity in the glasshouse. Healthy blackberry plants incubated in the same conditions, served as negative control. The minute white fungal colonies sharing the same microscopic features with the original isolate were visible 7-8 days post inoculation on all inoculated plants. No fungal growth was observed in the negative control. Serbia is the fourth largest blackberry producer in the world (Strik et al. 2007) and the occurrence of P. aphanis causing powdery mildew as a new pathogen is of utmost importance. P. aphanis is described as strawberry and raspberry powdery mildew pathogen with a population expressing substantial genetic diversity (Harvey and Xu 2010). The molecular data on blackberry originating isolates of P. aphanis are missing. Our study showed that P. aphanis could be destructive for blackberry in Serbia, thus representing a threat for the production of this valuable crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Stevanović
- Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Department of Plant Pathology, Teodora Drajzera 9, Belgrade, Serbia, 11000;
| | - Mira Vojvodić
- Institute of Plant Protection, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Phytopathology, Belgrade , Serbia;
| | - Stefan Kovačević
- Institute of Plant Protection, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Phytopathology, Belgrade , Serbia;
| | - Goran Aleksić
- Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade, Serbia, Tedora Drajzera 9, Belgrade, Serbia, 11000;
| | - Svetlana Živković
- Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Teodora Drajzera 9, Belgrade, Serbia, 11000;
| | - Aleksandra Bulajic
- Institute of Plant Protection, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Phytopathology, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade , Serbia, 11080
- Serbia;
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Mamode Ally N, Neetoo H, Ranghoo-Sanmukhiya M, Hardowar S, Vally V, Bunwaree A, Coutinho TA, Vojvodić M, Bulajic A. First Report of Target Spot on Tomato Caused by Corynespora cassiicola in Mauritius. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 105:226. [PMID: 32720886 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-20-1119-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) represent one of the most frequently consumed vegetables in Mauritius after potatoes and onions. The value of the tomato industry is estimated to be around Rs 300 M in Mauritius, with an annual production of 18,376 t over an area of 1365 ha. (Cheung Kai Suet 2019). In August 2019, disease surveillance was conducted in the tomato cv. 'Elipida' grown in the greenhouse situated at Camp Thorel (eastern part of Mauritius), a super-humid zone where the prevailing temperature and humidity were 30°C and 70% respectively. The symptoms included numerous circular to irregular, dark brown, target like lesions on the leaves, followed by the occurrence of yellow halo and occasional defoliation. Disease incidence was estimated to be 80% in the entire greenhouse. From sampled symptomatic leaves, small pieces of infected tissue were surface-disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite, air dried, and placed on PDA. After 7 days incubation at 23°C under 12 hours of natural light regime, isolates with fast growing grey-brown, velvety colonies were recovered. In colonies, singly-borne or in short chains, pale brown, cylindrical, straight or slightly curved conidia with 2 - 14 pseudosepta (34 x 2 μm) were numerous. Based on morphological features, the isolates were identified as Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. and M.A. Curtis) C.T. Wei (Dixon et al. 2009). Morphological identification was confirmed by amplifying and sequencing of the ITS region (ITS1, 5.8S rDNA and ITS2 regions) of the rDNA. Total DNA was extracted directly from fungal mycelium using a DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), following the manufacturer's instructions. PCR amplification and sequencing were performed with primers ITS1F and ITS4 (Takamatsu et al. 2010). The nucleotide sequence of the representative isolate 408G-19/M (575 bp) (Accession No. MN860167) was compared with those available in GenBank and shared 98 to 99.82% identity with over 100 C. cassiicola isolates (99.65% with FJ852578 from Solanum melongena, Dixon et al. 2009). Koch's postulates were confirmed by spraying 10 healthy tomato plants (four leaf phenophase) with spore suspension (1 x 103 conidia/ml) prepared from 10 days old colonies of isolate 408G-19/M in sterile water. Healthy tomato plants inoculated with sterile water served as negative control. Plants were maintained in greenhouse conditions. On all inoculated plants, characteristic target like necrotic spots were visible 7 days post inoculation. No symptoms were recorded in the negative control after 15 days. From all symptomatic tomato leaves, the original isolate was successfully recovered. So far in Mauritius, C. cassiicola had been reported on Molucella (Anon. [Director of Agriculture] 1961) and Bignonia spp. (Orieux 1959) and also as an endophyte associated with Jatropha spp. (Rampadarath et al. 2018). Although symptoms resembling target spot were previously observed on field-grown tomatoes (Vally, pers. Comm.), to our knowledge, this is the first study confirming C. cassiicola as a tomato pathogen in Mauritius. As C. cassiicola affects a wide range of hosts (Lopez et al. 2018), including tomato, cucumber, zucchini and banana which are all important for Mauritius, the occurrence of this pathogen is a potential threat. Additionally, the results will help in developing efficient disease control strategies, thus minimizing yield loss of tomatoes produced locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooreen Mamode Ally
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Department of Agricultural and Food Science, 40, Raymond Peril Rose Hill, Select, Rose Hill, Mauritius, 230
- University of Mauritius;
| | - Hudaa Neetoo
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Réduit, 80837, Mauritius;
| | - Mala Ranghoo-Sanmukhiya
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Réduit, 80837, Mauritius;
| | - Shane Hardowar
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Department of Agricultural Production Systems, Réduit, 80837, Mauritius;
| | - Vivian Vally
- Food and Agricultural Research and Extension Institute, Plant Pathology Division, Reduit, Mauritius;
| | - Arty Bunwaree
- AREU, Plant Pathology, Reduit, Reduit, Mauritius, Nil
- AREU, Plant Pathology, Reduit, Mauritius;
| | - Teresa Ann Coutinho
- University of Pretoria, Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Private Bag X28, Pretoria, South Africa, 0002;
| | - Mira Vojvodić
- Institute of Plant Protection, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Phytopathology, Belgrade , Serbia;
| | - Aleksandra Bulajic
- Institute of Plant Protection, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Phytopathology, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade , Serbia, 11080
- Serbia;
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Smith RL, Sawbridge T, Mann R, Kaur J, May TW, Edwards J. Rediscovering an old foe: Optimised molecular methods for DNA extraction and sequencing applications for fungarium specimens of powdery mildew (Erysiphales). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232535. [PMID: 32401807 PMCID: PMC7219758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify a reliable DNA extraction protocol to use on 25-year-old powdery mildew specimens from the reference collection VPRI in order to produce high quality sequences suitable to address taxonomic phylogenetic questions. We tested 13 extraction protocols and two library preparation kits and found the combination of the E.Z.N.A.® Forensic DNA kit for DNA extraction and the NuGen Ovation® Ultralow System library preparation kit was the most suitable for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reannon L. Smith
- Department of Jobs, Agriculture Victoria Research, Regions and Precincts, Bundoora, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Tim Sawbridge
- Department of Jobs, Agriculture Victoria Research, Regions and Precincts, Bundoora, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Ross Mann
- Department of Jobs, Agriculture Victoria Research, Regions and Precincts, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Jatinder Kaur
- Department of Jobs, Agriculture Victoria Research, Regions and Precincts, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Tom W. May
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Edwards
- Department of Jobs, Agriculture Victoria Research, Regions and Precincts, Bundoora, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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Meeboon J, Takamatsu S, Braun U. Morphophylogenetic analyses revealed that Podosphaera tridactyla constitutes a species complex. Mycologia 2020; 112:244-266. [PMID: 32091967 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1698924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Podosphaera tridactyla (s. lat.) is a powdery mildew species occurring on a wide range of Prunus spp. almost worldwide. We have investigated the phylogeny of the Po. tridactyla complex, with special emphasis on potential aspects of cryptic speciation. The results suggested that Po. tridactyla represents a species complex consisting of at least 12 different species. Based on detailed morphological examinations and molecular sequence analyses, we propose dividing Po. tridactyla s. lat. into 10 species, encompassing 7 new species (Po. ampla, Po. pruni-avium, Po. pruni-cerasoidis, Po. prunigena, Po. pruni-lusitanicae, Po. prunina, and Po. pruni-japonicae) and 3 known species (Po. longiseta, Po. salatai, and Po. tridactyla s. str.). Oidium passerinii on Pr. laurocerasus is confirmed as a synonym of Po. tridactyla s. str. Epitypes are designated for Po. tridactyla and Oidium passerinii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamjan Meeboon
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-Machiya, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.,Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan
| | - Susumu Takamatsu
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-Machiya, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.,Centre of Crop Protection, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia
| | - Uwe Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Moparthi S, Grove GG, Pandey B, Bradshaw M, Latham SR, Braun U, Meeboon J, Romberg M. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Podosphaera cerasi, sp. nov., and Podosphaera prunicola sensu lato. Mycologia 2019; 111:647-659. [PMID: 31161891 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1611316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Powdery mildew of Prunus spp. is a significant disease in most cherry growing regions of Washington, USA. Powdery mildews on Prunus virginiana and Pr. avium were previously assigned to Podosphaera clandestina s. lat. (= Po. oxyacanthae) or Po. prunicola. In this report, we confirm the presence of two distinct Podosphaera species on these hosts. Phylogenetic analyses of nuc rDNA sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) and 28S subunit confirmed the presence of two distinct species. A morphological comparison with type material of Po. prunicola and additional collections demonstrated that the powdery mildew on Pr. virginiana (including var. demissa and var. melanocarpa) is in fact Po. prunicola. The powdery mildew on Pr. avium is genetically, morphologically, and biologically distinct from Po. prunicola and is described here as the new species Po. cerasi. Cross-inoculation experiments confirmed that these two species are host specific. Podosphaera prunicola was unable to colonize Pr. avium, whereas Po. cerasi was unable to colonize Pr. virginiana. Morphological reexamination of numerous specimens identified as Po. prunicola on a broad range of Prunus species suggests that Po. prunicola is probably confined to species in Prunus subgen.Padus (= Prunus subgen. Cerasus sect. Laurocerasus, including sect. Padus), with Pr. virginiana as the principal host. Podosphaera cerasi occurs on hosts in Prunus subgen. Cerasus, and our work confirms a newly described species of powdery mildew on Pr. avium. This work also includes the first documented and genetically proven European record of Po. prunicola on Pr. serotina and its widespread occurrence in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnalatha Moparthi
- a Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University , Prosser , Washington 99350
| | - Gary G Grove
- a Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University , Prosser , Washington 99350
| | - Binod Pandey
- a Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University , Prosser , Washington 99350
| | - Michael Bradshaw
- b School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195
| | - Suzanne Rooney Latham
- c Plant Pest Diagnostics Laboratory, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services, California Department of Food and Agriculture , 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento , California 95832-1448
| | - Uwe Braun
- d Herbarium, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer, Institut für Biologie, Martin-Luther-Universität , Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Jamjan Meeboon
- e Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsu , Mie 514-2392 , Japan.,f Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University , 1577 Kurima-Machiya, Tsu 514-8507 , Japan
| | - Megan Romberg
- g Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture , Beltsville , Maryland 20705
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Tang S, Jiang W, Qiu P, Fu X, Li Y, Wang L, Liu S. Podosphaera paracurvispora (Erysiphaceae, Ascomycota), a new powdery mildew species on Pyrus from China. MYCOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Genetic diversity analysis of the cucurbit powdery mildew fungus Podosphaera xanthii suggests a clonal population structure. Fungal Biol 2015; 119:791-801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Meeboon J, Takamatsu S. Notes on powdery mildews (Erysiphales) in Japan: III. Golovinomyces and Podosphaera. MYCOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Takamatsu S, Ito Arakawa H, Shiroya Y, Kiss L, Heluta V. First comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the genus Erysiphe (Erysiphales, Erysiphaceae) I. The Microsphaera lineage. Mycologia 2015; 107:475-89. [PMID: 25724999 DOI: 10.3852/15-007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The genus Erysiphe (including powdery mildew fungi only known as anamorph, Pseudoidium) is the largest genus in the Erysiphaceae and contains more than 50% of all species in this family. Little is known about the phylogenetic structure of this genus. We conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Microsphaera-lineage, a monophyletic group including species of sects. Microsphaera and Erysiphe, using 401 sequences of nuc ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and the 28S rDNA regions. This analysis gave many small clades delimited by the host plant genus or family. We identified two deep branches, albeit with moderate bootstrap supports, that divided the 401 sequences into three large groups. In addition, we identified four large clades consisting of homogeneous sequences of powdery mildews from a wide range of host plants beyond family level, namely, the E. aquilegiae clade, the E. alphitoides clade, the E. quercicola clade, and the E. trifoliorum s. lat. clade. Isolates from herbaceous plants were mostly situated in the E. aquilegiae clade and in Group III that was located at the most derived position of the Microsphaera-lineage. On the other hand, the basal part of the Microsphaera-lineage was occupied by isolates from woody plants except for E. glycines that was used as an outgroup taxon. This supports our previous hypothesis that tree-parasitic powdery mildews are phylogenetically primitive in the Erysiphaceae in general, and host-shift from trees to herbs occurred many times independently during the evolution of powdery mildews. Molecular clock analyses suggested that the divergence of the Microsphaera-lineage began ca. 20 million years ago in the Miocene Epoch of the Neogene Period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Takamatsu
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-Machiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hanako Ito Arakawa
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-Machiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shiroya
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-Machiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Levente Kiss
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), 1525 Budapest, P.O. Box 102, Hungary
| | - Vasyl Heluta
- M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2 Tereshchenkivska Street, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine
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Erysiphe viburni-plicati and Podosphaera photiniae, two new species of Erysiphales (Ascomycota) from Japan. MYCOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Xu L, Lu Y, You Q, Liu X, Grisham MP, Pan Y, Que Y. Biogeographical variation and population genetic structure of Sporisorium scitamineum in Mainland China: insights from ISSR and SP-SRAP markers. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:296020. [PMID: 24772015 PMCID: PMC3977103 DOI: 10.1155/2014/296020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 100 Sporisorium scitamineum isolates were investigated by inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and single primer-sequence related amplified polymorphism (SP-SRAP) markers. These isolates were clearly assorted into three distinct clusters regardless of method used: either cluster analysis or by principal component analysis (PCA) of the ISSR, SP-SRAP, or ISSR + SP-SRAP data set. The total gene diversity (H t) and gene diversity between subpopulations (H s) were estimated to be 0.34 to 0.38 and 0.22 to 0.29, respectively, by analyzing separately the ISSR and SP-SRAP data sets, and to be 0.26-0.36 by analyzing ISSR + SP-SRAP data set. The gene diversity attributable to differentiation among populations (G st) was estimated to be 0.35 and 0.22, and the gene flow (Nm) was 0.94 and 1.78, respectively, when analyzing separately ISSR and SP-SRAP data set, and was 0.27 and 1.33, respectively, when analyzing ISSR + SP-SRAP data set. Our study showed that there is considerable genetic variation in the analyzed 100 isolates, and the environmental heterogeneity has played an important role for this observed high degree of variation. The genetic differentiation of sugarcane smut fungus depends to a large extent on the heterogeneity of their habitats and is the result of long-term adaptations of pathogens to their ecological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yunhai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qian You
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | | | - Yongbao Pan
- USDA-ARS, Sugarcane Research Unit, Houma, LA 70360, USA
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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18
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Jiwan D, Roalson EH, Main D, Dhingra A. Antisense expression of peach mildew resistance locus O (PpMlo1) gene confers cross-species resistance to powdery mildew in Fragaria x ananassa. Transgenic Res 2013; 22:1119-31. [PMID: 23728780 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-013-9715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) is one of the major plant pathogens. The conventional method of PM control includes frequent use of sulfur-based fungicides adding to production costs and potential harm to the environment. PM remains a major scourge for Rosaceae crops where breeding approaches mainly resort to gene-for-gene resistance. We have tested an alternate source of PM resistance in Rosaceae. Mildew resistance locus O (MLO) has been well studied in barley due to its role in imparting broad spectrum resistance to PM. We identified PpMlo1 (Prunus persica Mlo) in peach and characterized it further to test if a similar mechanism of resistance is conserved in Rosaceae. Due to its recalcitrance in tissue culture, reverse genetic studies involving PpMloI were not feasible in peach. Therefore, Fragaria x ananassa LF9 line, a taxonomic surrogate, was used for functional analysis of PpMlo1. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation yielded transgenic strawberry plants expressing PpMlo1 in sense and antisense orientation. Antisense expression of PpMlo1 in transgenic strawberry plants conferred resistance to Fragaria-specific powdery mildew, Podosphaera macularis. Phylogenetic analysis of 208 putative Mlo gene copies from 35 plant species suggests a large number of duplications of this gene family prior to the divergence of monocots and eudicots, early in eudicot diversification. Our results indicate that the Mlo-based resistance mechanism is functional in Rosaceae, and that Fragaria can be used as a host to test mechanistic function of genes derived from related tree species. To the best of our knowledge, this work is one of the first attempts at testing the potential of using a Mlo-based resistance strategy to combat powdery mildew in Rosaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick Jiwan
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, PO Box 646414, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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Takamatsu S, Matsuda S, Grigaliunaite B. Comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the genus Golovinomyces (Ascomycota: Erysiphales) reveals close evolutionary relationships with its host plants. Mycologia 2013; 105:1135-52. [PMID: 23709526 DOI: 10.3852/13-046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Erysiphaceae were originally parasitic to trees, and host shift from trees to herbs might have occurred many times independently in the tribes and genera. To investigate the evolutionary relationships between Golovinomyces species and their host plants, we conducted a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis of this genus with 183 nucleotide sequences of ITS and 28S rDNA regions from samples collected worldwide. These sequences were divided into 11 distinct lineages. Ten of these lineages consist in each case of sequences from a single plant family or tribe, which suggests close evolutionary relationships of Golovinomyces species and their host plants. The basal five clades were composed of sequences each from a single tribe of the Asteraceae. This result supports speculation that co-speciation occurred between asteraceous hosts and Golovinomyces in the early evolution stage of this genus. Lineage XI at the most derived position of the tree includes sequences from a wide range of host families and is divided into many species with close genetic affinity. Sequences from the putative G. orontii group were separated into three groups, suggesting that G. orontii is a species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Takamatsu
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-Machiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
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20
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Tollenaere C, Laine AL. Investigating the production of sexual resting structures in a plant pathogen reveals unexpected self-fertility and genotype-by-environment effects. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:1716-26. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Tollenaere
- Metapopulation Research Group; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - A.-L. Laine
- Metapopulation Research Group; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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22
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Molecular phylogenetic status of Korean strain of Podosphaera xanthii, a causal pathogen of powdery mildew on Japanese thistle (Cirsium japonicum) in Korea. J Microbiol 2013; 50:1075-80. [PMID: 23275000 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-012-2618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Powdery mildew diseases are sensitive to climate change and spread can be favored by increased temperature and low moisture. During 2011 to 2012, a powdery mildew disease by a Podosphaera species was observed on the leaves of Japanese thistle (Cirsium japonicum) in Korea. The initial sign of this disease included scattered superficial white mycelia on leaves. As the disease progressed, abundant necrotic black spots exhibiting chasmothecia were formed on the leaves. rDNA ITS and 28S homologies of the fungus (EML-CSPW1) showed 100% identity values with those regions from many strains of P. xanthii (syn. P. fusca) via NCBI BLASTN search.
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Que Y, Xu L, Lin J, Chen R, Grisham MP. Molecular Variation of Sporisorium scitamineum in Mainland China Revealed by RAPD and SRAP Markers. PLANT DISEASE 2012; 96:1519-1525. [PMID: 30727308 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-11-0663-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane smut caused by Sporisorium scitamineum occurs worldwide, causing serious losses in sugar yield and quality. To study the molecular variation of S. scitamineum, 23 S. scitamineum isolates collected from the six primary sugarcane production areas in mainland China (Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian, and Jiangxi provinces) were assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. The results of RAPD, SRAP, and RAPD-SRAP combined analysis showed that, whereas the molecular variation of S. scitamineum was associated with geographic origin, there was no evidence of co-evolution between sugarcane and the pathogen. The results of RAPD, SRAP, or RAPD-SRAP combined analysis also did not provide any information about race differentiation of S. scitamineum. This suggests that the mixture of spores from sori collected from different areas should be used in artificial inoculations for resistance breeding and selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Que
- Key Lab of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
| | - L Xu
- Key Lab of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
| | - J Lin
- Key Lab of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
| | - R Chen
- Key Lab of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
| | - M P Grisham
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Sugarcane Research Unit, Houma, LA 70360
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