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Royan MR, Hodne K, Nourizadeh-Lillabadi R, Weltzien FA, Henkel C, Fontaine R. Day length regulates gonadotrope proliferation and reproduction via an intra-pituitary pathway in the model vertebrate Oryzias latipes. Commun Biol 2024; 7:388. [PMID: 38553567 PMCID: PMC10980775 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In seasonally breeding mammals and birds, the production of the hormones that regulate reproduction (gonadotropins) is controlled by a complex pituitary-brain-pituitary pathway. Indeed, the pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) regulates gonadotropin expression in pituitary gonadotropes, via dio2-expressing tanycytes, hypothalamic Kisspeptin, RFamide-related peptide, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. However, in fish, how seasonal environmental signals influence gonadotropins remains unclear. In addition, the seasonal regulation of gonadotrope (gonadotropin-producing cell) proliferation in the pituitary is, to the best of our knowledge, not elucidated in any vertebrate group. Here, we show that in the vertebrate model Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), a long day seasonally breeding fish, photoperiod (daylength) not only regulates hormone production by the gonadotropes but also their proliferation. We also reveal an intra-pituitary pathway that regulates gonadotrope cell number and hormone production. In this pathway, Tsh regulates gonadotropes via folliculostellate cells within the pituitary. This study suggests the existence of an alternative regulatory mechanism of seasonal gonadotropin production in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rahmad Royan
- Department of Preclinical Science and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Kjetil Hodne
- Department of Preclinical Science and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Rasoul Nourizadeh-Lillabadi
- Department of Preclinical Science and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Preclinical Science and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Christiaan Henkel
- Department of Preclinical Science and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Department of Preclinical Science and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
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2
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Ager-Wick E, Maugars G, von Krogh K, Fontaine R, Weltzien FA, Henkel C. An RNA-seq time series of the medaka pituitary gland during sexual maturation. Sci Data 2023; 10:62. [PMID: 36720883 PMCID: PMC9889309 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-01967-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Directing both organismal homeostasis and physiological adaptation, the pituitary is a key endocrine gland in all vertebrates. One of its major tasks is to coordinate sexual maturation through the production and release of hormones stimulating gonad development. In order to study its developmental dynamics in the model fish medaka (Oryzias latipes), we sampled both the pituitary and the ovaries of 68 female fish. Of these, 55 spanned the entire course of sexual maturation from prepubertal juveniles to spawning adults. An additional 13 showed either considerably faster or slower growth and development than the majority of fish. We used histological examination of the ovaries to determine a histological maturation stage, and analyzed the pituitary glands using RNA-seq optimized for low input. Taken together, these data reveal the timing of hormone production priorities, and form a comprehensive resource for the study of their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirill Ager-Wick
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XPhysiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Gersende Maugars
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XPhysiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway ,grid.9916.70000 0001 2173 1046Present Address: Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Université Le Havre Normandie, Le Havre, France
| | - Kristine von Krogh
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XPhysiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Romain Fontaine
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XPhysiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XPhysiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Christiaan Henkel
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XPhysiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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3
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Characterization of hormone-producing cell types in the teleost pituitary gland using single-cell RNA-seq. Sci Data 2021; 8:279. [PMID: 34711832 PMCID: PMC8553774 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-01058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The pituitary is the vertebrate endocrine gland responsible for the production and secretion of several essential peptide hormones. These, in turn, control many aspects of an animal’s physiology and development, including growth, reproduction, homeostasis, metabolism, and stress responses. In teleost fish, each hormone is presumably produced by a specific cell type. However, key details on the regulation of, and communication between these cell types remain to be resolved. We have therefore used single-cell sequencing to generate gene expression profiles for 2592 and 3804 individual cells from the pituitaries of female and male adult medaka (Oryzias latipes), respectively. Based on expression profile clustering, we define 15 and 16 distinct cell types in the female and male pituitary, respectively, of which ten are involved in the production of a single peptide hormone. Collectively, our data provide a high-quality reference for studies on pituitary biology and the regulation of hormone production, both in fish and in vertebrates in general. Measurement(s) | RNA-seq gene expression profiling assay | Technology Type(s) | tag based single cell RNA sequencing | Factor Type(s) | sex | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Oryzias latipes | Sample Characteristic - Environment | fresh water aquarium |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16592621
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Grønlien HK, Fontaine R, Hodne K, Tysseng I, Ager-Wick E, Weltzien FA, Haug TM. Long extensions with varicosity-like structures in gonadotrope Lh cells facilitate clustering in medaka pituitary culture. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245462. [PMID: 33507913 PMCID: PMC7842944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that some pituitary cell types are organized in complex networks in both mammals and fish. In this study, we have further investigated the previously described cellular extensions formed by the medaka (Oryzias latipes) luteinizing hormone gonadotropes (Lh cells). Extensions, several cell diameters long, with varicosity-like swellings, were common both in vitro and in vivo. Some extensions approached other Lh cells, while others were in close contact with blood vessels in vivo. Gnrh further stimulated extension development in vitro. Two types of extensions with different characteristics could be distinguished, and were classified as major or minor according to size, origin and cytoskeleton protein dependance. The varicosity-like swellings appeared on the major extensions and were dependent on both microtubules and actin filaments. Immunofluorescence revealed that Lhβ protein was mainly located in these swellings and at the extremity of the extensions. We then investigated whether these extensions contribute to network formation and clustering, by following their development in primary cultures. During the first two days in culture, the Lh cells grew long extensions that with time physically attached to other cells. Successively, tight cell clusters formed as cell somas that were connected via extensions migrated towards each other, while shortening their extensions. Laser photolysis of caged Ca2+ showed that Ca2+ signals originating in the soma propagated from the soma along the major extensions, being particularly visible in each swelling. Moreover, the Ca2+ signal could be transferred between densely clustered cells (sharing soma-soma border), but was not transferred via extensions to the connected cell. In summary, Lh gonadotropes in medaka display a complex cellular structure of hormone-containing extensions that are sensitive to Gnrh, and may be used for clustering and possibly hormone release, but do not seem to contribute to communication between cells themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Hodne
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabelle Tysseng
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirill Ager-Wick
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude Marie Haug
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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Kim JW, Cho JY, Kim DG, Nam BH, Nho ES, Kim BS, Kim YO, Kong HJ. Establishment of Conditions for Long-Term Maintenance of Primary Embryonic Cell Cultures from Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Dev Reprod 2020; 24:207-214. [PMID: 33110952 PMCID: PMC7576961 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2020.24.3.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Primary cell culture is a sufficient method frequently used to study the cellular
properties and mechanisms of isolated cells in a controlled environment. In this
study, an embryonic cell line (FGBC8) derived from the blastula stages of
embryos of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus was developed.
Furthermore, conditions for optimal long-term maintenance of this primary
embryonic cell culture were investigated. Morphologically, FGBC8 cells were
composed primarily of epithelial-like cells. FGBC8 cells were subcultured for
>160 passages over ~830 days. The doubling time of FGBC8 cells was
73.8 h, and the modal diploid chromosome number was 48. FGBC8 cells transfected
with green fluorescence protein (GFP)-expression plasmid exhibited a strong
signal 48 h after transfection. Consequently, we demonstrated that fish serum is
a crucial supplement for the long-term survival and maintenance of comparable
morphology in these primary embryonic cells. Our results can be used as a guide
for primary embryonic cell cultures for other fish species and may be useful for
cell biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Won Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea
| | - Ja Young Cho
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea
| | - Dong-Gyun Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea
| | - Eun-Soo Nho
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea
| | - Bong-Seok Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea
| | - Young-Ok Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Kong
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea
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Liu J, Liu X, Zeng Q, Wang B, Xiao K, Tan C, Du H. Establishment and characterization of a cell line derived from fin of the endangered Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:650-658. [PMID: 32888116 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus) is an endangered endemic freshwater fish of China. Cell-line is a potential means used for long-term preservation of germplasm resources and an ideal in vitro model in place of living organisms for biological studies. Here, culture condition and characterization of fin-derived cell in Yangtze sturgeon were carried out. Tissue explant techniques have been efficiently used in the Yangtze sturgeon caudal fin (YSCF) culture. The YSCF cell line showed a fibroblast-like morphology and stable growth in minimum essential medium eagle's (MEME) supplemented with 10-20% fetal bovine serum at 25°C. Cells were cryopreserved with preservative DMSO in liquid nitrogen and grew normally after recovery. No bacterial, fungal, or mycoplasma contamination was detected in the YSCF cells. Karyotype analysis of the YSCF cells showed that the chromosome numbers of the YSCF ranged from 242 to 273, and the modal chromosome number was identified as 264 at passage 9. The YSCF cells were confirmed from A. dabryanus by assay of 16S rRNA and COI. Furthermore, GFP reporter gene was successfully transferred into YSCF cells and expressed. The established YSCF cell lines will contribute to the preservation of germplasm resources and provide a useful vitro tool for further biological studies in sturgeon species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China.,China Three Gorges Corporation, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China.,China Three Gorges Corporation, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Qingkai Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China.,China Three Gorges Corporation, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Binzhong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China.,China Three Gorges Corporation, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Kan Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China.,China Three Gorges Corporation, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Chun Tan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China.,China Three Gorges Corporation, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Hejun Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China. .,China Three Gorges Corporation, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China.
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7
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Fontaine R, Ager-Wick E, Hodne K, Weltzien FA. Plasticity in medaka gonadotropes via cell proliferation and phenotypic conversion. J Endocrinol 2020; 245:21-37. [PMID: 31977313 PMCID: PMC7040568 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh) produced by the gonadotropes play a major role in control of reproduction. Contrary to mammals and birds, Lh and Fsh are mostly produced by two separate cell types in teleost. Here, we investigated gonadotrope plasticity, using transgenic lines of medaka (Oryzias latipes) where DsRed2 and hrGfpII are under the control of the fshb and lhb promotors respectively. We found that Fsh cells appear in the pituitary at 8 dpf, while Lh cells were previously shown to appear at 14 dpf. Similar to Lh cells, Fsh cells show hyperplasia from juvenile to adult stages. Hyperplasia is stimulated by estradiol. Both Fsh and Lh cells show hypertrophy during puberty with similar morphology. They also share similar behavior, using their cellular extensions to make networks. We observed bi-hormonal gonadotropes in juveniles and adults but not in larvae where only mono-hormonal cells are observed, suggesting the existence of phenotypic conversion between Fsh and Lh in later stages. This is demonstrated in cell culture, where some Fsh cells start to produce Lhβ, a phenomenon enhanced by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gnrh) stimulation. We have previously shown that medaka Fsh cells lack Gnrh receptors, but here we show that with time in culture, some Fsh cells start responding to Gnrh, while fshb mRNA levels are significantly reduced, both suggestive of phenotypic change. All together, these results reveal high plasticity of gonadotropes due to both estradiol-sensitive proliferation and Gnrh promoted phenotypic conversion, and moreover, show that gonadotropes lose part of their identity when kept in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Fontaine
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirill Ager-Wick
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Hodne
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence should be addressed to F-A Weltzien:
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In Vitro Effects of Bisphenol A and Tetrabromobisphenol A on Cell Viability and Reproduction-Related Gene Expression in Pituitaries from Sexually Maturing Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.). FISHES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes4030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) are widely used industrial chemicals, ubiquitously present in the environment. While BPA is a well-known endocrine disruptor and able to affect all levels of the teleost reproductive axis, information regarding TBBPA on this subject is very limited. Using primary cultures from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), the present study was aimed at investigating potential direct effects of acute (72 h) BPA and TBBPA exposure on cell viability and the expression of reproductive-relevant genes in the pituitary. The results revealed that both bisphenols stimulate cell viability in terms of metabolic activity and membrane integrity at environmentally relevant concentrations. BPA had no direct effects on gonadotropin gene expression, but enhanced the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor 2a, the main gonadotropin modulator in Atlantic cod. In contrast, TBBPA increased gonadotropin transcript levels but had no effect on GnRH receptor mRNA. In conclusion, both anthropogenic compounds display endocrine disruptive properties and are able to directly interfere with gene expression related to reproductive function in cod pituitary cells at environmentally relevant concentrations in vitro.
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