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Scholz J, Weil PP, Pembaur D, Koukou G, Aydin M, Hauert D, Postberg J, Kreppel F, Hagedorn C. An Adenoviral Vector as a Versatile Tool for Delivery and Expression of miRNAs. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091952. [PMID: 36146759 PMCID: PMC9504453 DOI: 10.3390/v14091952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Only two decades after discovering miRNAs, our understanding of the functional effects of deregulated miRNAs in the development of diseases, particularly cancer, has been rapidly evolving. These observations and functional studies provide the basis for developing miRNA-based diagnostic markers or new therapeutic strategies. Adenoviral (Ad) vectors belong to the most frequently used vector types in gene therapy and are suitable for strong short-term transgene expression in a variety of cells. Here, we report the set-up and functionality of an Ad-based miRNA vector platform that can be employed to deliver and express a high level of miRNAs efficiently. This vector platform allows fast and efficient vector production to high titers and the expression of pri-miRNA precursors under the control of a polymerase II promoter. In contrast to non-viral miRNA delivery systems, this Ad-based miRNA vector platform allows accurate dosing of the delivered miRNAs. Using a two-vector model, we showed that Ad-driven miRNA expression was sufficient in down-regulating the expression of an overexpressed and highly stable protein. Additional data corroborated the downregulation of multiple endogenous target RNAs using the system presented here. Additionally, we report some unanticipated synergistic effects on the transduction efficiencies in vitro when cells were consecutively transduced with two different Ad-vectors. This effect might be taken into consideration for protocols using two or more different Ad vectors simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Scholz
- Chair for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, School of Life Sciences (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Patrick Philipp Weil
- Centre for Biomedical Education & Research (ZBAF), Clinical Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Daniel Pembaur
- Chair for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, School of Life Sciences (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Georgia Koukou
- Chair for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, School of Life Sciences (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Malik Aydin
- Laboratory of Experimental Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, School of Life Sciences (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Dorota Hauert
- Chair for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, School of Life Sciences (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Jan Postberg
- Centre for Biomedical Education & Research (ZBAF), Clinical Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Florian Kreppel
- Chair for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, School of Life Sciences (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Claudia Hagedorn
- Chair for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, School of Life Sciences (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
- Correspondence:
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A new insight into aggregation of oncolytic adenovirus Ad5-delta-24-RGD during CsCl gradient ultracentrifugation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16088. [PMID: 34373477 PMCID: PMC8352973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-cycle cesium chloride (2 × CsCl) gradient ultracentrifugation is a conventional approach for purifying recombinant adenoviruses (rAds) for research purposes (gene therapy, vaccines, and oncolytic vectors). However, rAds containing the RGD-4C peptide in the HI loop of the fiber knob domain tend to aggregate during 2 × CsCl gradient ultracentrifugation resulting in a low infectious titer yield or even purification failure. An iodixanol-based purification method preventing aggregation of the RGD4C-modified rAds has been proposed. However, the reason explaining aggregation of the RGD4C-modified rAds during 2 × CsCl but not iodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation has not been revealed. In the present study, we showed that rAds with the RGD-4C peptide in the HI loop but not at the C-terminus of the fiber knob domain were prone to aggregate during 2 × CsCl but not iodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation. The cysteine residues with free thiol groups after the RGD motif within the inserted RGD-4C peptide were responsible for formation of the interparticle disulfide bonds under atmospheric oxygen and aggregation of Ad5-delta-24-RGD4C-based rAds during 2 × CsCl gradient ultracentrifugation, which could be prevented using iodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation, most likely due to antioxidant properties of iodixanol. A cysteine-to-glycine substitution of the cysteine residues with free thiol groups (RGD-2C2G) prevented aggregation during 2 × CsCl gradient purification but in coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR)-low/negative cancer cell lines of human and rodent origin, this reduced cytolytic efficacy to the levels observed for a fiber non-modified control vector. However, both Ad5-delta-24-RGD4C and Ad5-delta-24-RGD2C2G were equally effective in the murine immunocompetent CT-2A glioma model due to a primary role of antitumor immune responses in the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy.
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Tessarollo NG, Domingues ACM, Antunes F, da Luz JCDS, Rodrigues OA, Cerqueira OLD, Strauss BE. Nonreplicating Adenoviral Vectors: Improving Tropism and Delivery of Cancer Gene Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081863. [PMID: 33919679 PMCID: PMC8069790 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent preclinical and clinical studies have used viral vectors in gene therapy research, especially nonreplicating adenovirus encoding strategic therapeutic genes for cancer treatment. Adenoviruses were the first DNA viruses to go into therapeutic development, mainly due to well-known biological features: stability in vivo, ease of manufacture, and efficient gene delivery to dividing and nondividing cells. However, there are some limitations for gene therapy using adenoviral vectors, such as nonspecific transduction of normal cells and liver sequestration and neutralization by antibodies, especially when administered systemically. On the other hand, adenoviral vectors are amenable to strategies for the modification of their biological structures, including genetic manipulation of viral proteins, pseudotyping, and conjugation with polymers or biological membranes. Such modifications provide greater specificity to the target cell and better safety in systemic administration; thus, a reduction of antiviral host responses would favor the use of adenoviral vectors in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we describe the structural and molecular features of nonreplicating adenoviral vectors, the current limitations to their use, and strategies to modify adenoviral tropism, highlighting the approaches that may allow for the systemic administration of gene therapy.
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Barry MA, Rubin JD, Lu SC. Retargeting adenoviruses for therapeutic applications and vaccines. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1918-1946. [PMID: 31944286 PMCID: PMC7311308 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ads) are robust vectors for therapeutic applications and vaccines, but their use can be limited by differences in their in vitro and in vivo pharmacologies. This review emphasizes that there is not just one Ad, but a whole virome of diverse viruses that can be used as therapeutics. It discusses that true vector targeting involves not only retargeting viruses, but importantly also detargeting the viruses from off-target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Barry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rubin
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shao-Chia Lu
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Na Y, Nam JP, Hong J, Oh E, Shin HC, Kim HS, Kim SW, Yun CO. Systemic administration of human mesenchymal stromal cells infected with polymer-coated oncolytic adenovirus induces efficient pancreatic tumor homing and infiltration. J Control Release 2019; 305:75-88. [PMID: 31071373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenovirus (oAd)-mediated gene therapy is a promising approach for cancer treatment because of its cancer cell-restricted replication and therapeutic gene expression. However, systemic administration of oAd is severely restricted by their immunogenic nature and poor tumor homing ability, thus oAd cannot be utilized to treat disseminated metastases. In this study, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSCs) was used as a viral replication-permissive carrier for oAd with an aim to improve the systemic delivery of the virus to tumor tissues. To overcome the poor delivery of oAd into hMSCs, a relaxin (RLX)-expressing oncolytic Ad (oAd/RLX), which degrades dense tumor extracellular matrix of highly desmoplastic pancreatic cancer, was complexed with biodegradable polymer (poly (ethyleneimine)-conjugated poly(CBA-DAH); PCDP), generating oAd/RLX-PCDP complex. oAd/RLX-PCDP complex enhanced the internalization of oAd into hMSC, leading to superior viral production and release from hMSCs, along with high RLX expression. Furthermore, systemic administration of oAd/RLX-PCDP-treated hMSCs elicited more potent antitumor effect compared to naked oAd/RLX or oAd/RLX-treated hMSC in pancreatic tumor model. This potent antitumor effect of systemically administered oAd/RLX-PCDP-treated hMSCs was achieved by superior viral replication in tumor tissues than any other treatment group. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that hMSCs are effective carriers for the systemic delivery of oAd to tumor sites and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Na
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Joung-Pyo Nam
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - JinWoo Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eonju Oh
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Sung Wan Kim
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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