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Zhou Y, Gu C, Liang J, Zhang B, Yang H, Zhou Z, Li M, Sun L, Tao TH, Wei X. A silk-based self-adaptive flexible opto-electro neural probe. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:118. [PMID: 36389054 PMCID: PMC9643444 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The combination of optogenetics and electrophysiological recording enables high-precision bidirectional interactions between neural interfaces and neural circuits, which provides a promising approach for the study of progressive neurophysiological phenomena. Opto-electrophysiological neural probes with sufficient flexibility and biocompatibility are desirable to match the low mechanical stiffness of brain tissue for chronic reliable performance. However, lack of rigidity poses challenges for the accurate implantation of flexible neural probes with less invasiveness. Herein, we report a hybrid probe (Silk-Optrode) consisting of a silk protein optical fiber and multiple flexible microelectrode arrays. The Silk-Optrode can be accurately inserted into the brain and perform synchronized optogenetic stimulation and multichannel recording in freely behaving animals. Silk plays an important role due to its high transparency, excellent biocompatibility, and mechanical controllability. Through the hydration of the silk optical fiber, the Silk-Optrode probe enables itself to actively adapt to the environment after implantation and reduce its own mechanical stiffness to implant into the brain with high fidelity while maintaining mechanical compliance with the surrounding tissue. The probes with 128 recording channels can detect high-yield well-isolated single units while performing intracranial light stimulation with low optical losses, surpassing previous work of a similar type. Two months of post-surgery results suggested that as-reported Silk-Optrode probes exhibit better implant-neural interfaces with less immunoreactive glial responses and tissue lesions. A silk optical fiber-based Silk-Optrode probe consisting of a natural silk optical fiber and a flexible micro/nano electrode array is reported. The multifunctional soft probe can modify its own Young's modulus through hydration to achieve accurate implantation into the brain. The low optical loss and single-unit recording abilities allow simultaneous optogenetic stimulation and multichannel readout, which expands the applications in the operation and parsing of neural circuits in behavioral animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Chi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Jizhi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Huiran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhitao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Liuyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
| | - Tiger H. Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 200031 Shanghai, China
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
- Neuroxess Co., Ltd. (Jiangxi), 330029 Nanchang, Jiangxi China
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, 519031 Zhuhai, Guangdong China
- Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Translational Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
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Luchicchi A, Pattij T, Viaña JNM, de Kloet S, Marchant N. Tracing goes viral: Viruses that introduce expression of fluorescent proteins in chemically-specific neurons. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 348:109004. [PMID: 33242528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.109004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the last century, there has been great progress in understanding how the brain works. In particular, the last two decades have been crucial in gaining more awareness over the complex functioning of neurotransmitter systems. The use of viral vectors in neuroscience has been pivotal for such development. Exploiting the properties of viral particles, modifying them according to the research needs, and making them target chemically-specific neurons, techniques such as optogenetics and chemogenetics have been developed, which could lead to a giant step toward gene therapy for brain disorders. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of some of the most widely used viral techniques in neuroscience. We will discuss advantages and disadvantages of these methods. In particular, attention is dedicated to the pivotal role played by the introduction of adeno-associated virus and the retrograde tracer canine-associated-2 Cre virus in order to achieve optimal visualization, and interrogation, of chemically-specific neuronal populations and their projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Luchicchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John Noel M Viaña
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, ANU College of Science, The Australian National University, Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Sybren de Kloet
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nathan Marchant
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Mabil P, Huidobro N, Torres-Ramirez O, Flores-Hernandez J, Flores A, Gutierrez R, Manjarrez E. Noisy Light Augments the Na + Current in Somatosensory Pyramidal Neurons of Optogenetic Transgenic Mice. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:490. [PMID: 32528244 PMCID: PMC7263390 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous reports, we developed a method to apply Brownian optogenetic noise-photostimulation (BONP, 470 nm) up to 0.67 mW on the barrel cortex of in vivo ChR2 transgenic mice. In such studies, we found that the BONP produces an increase in the evoked field potentials and the neuronal responses of pyramidal neurons induced by somatosensory mechanical stimulation. Here we extended such findings by examining whether the same type of BONP augments the Na+ current amplitude elicited by voltage-clamp ramps of dissociated pyramidal neurons from the somatosensory cortex of ChR2 transgenic and wild type mice. We found that in all neurons from the ChR2 transgenic mice, but none of the wild type mice, the peak amplitude of a TTX-sensitive Na+ current and its inverse of latency exhibited inverted U-like graphs as a function of the BONP level. It means that an intermediate level of BONP increases both the peak amplitude of the Na+ current and its inverse of latency. Our research suggests that the impact of BONP on the Na+ channels of pyramidal neurons could be associated with the observed augmentation-effects in our previous in vivo preparation. Moreover, it provides caution information for the use of an appropriate range of light intensity, <0.67 mW, which could avoid opto non-genetics (also termed “optonongenetic”) related responses due to light-induced temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mabil
- Laboratory of Integrative Neurophysiology, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Nayeli Huidobro
- Laboratory of Integrative Neurophysiology, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.,Decanato de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Oswaldo Torres-Ramirez
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jorge Flores-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Amira Flores
- Laboratory of Integrative Neurophysiology, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ranier Gutierrez
- Departamento de Farmacología, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elias Manjarrez
- Laboratory of Integrative Neurophysiology, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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