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Chen L, Tyryshkin K, Moore A, Scott DW, Steidl C, Li Y, Shepherd LE, Rauh M, Deng L, Good D, Virk S, Chen BE, Crocker S, Baetz T, LeBrun DP. Objective quantification of BCL2 protein by multiplex immunofluorescence in routine biopsy samples of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma demonstrates associations with survival and BCL2 gene alterations. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:1334-1344. [PMID: 31942813 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1713318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Up-regulation of BCL2 in cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can confer treatment resistance. Quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) histology allows objective quantification of protein-based biomarkers. We investigated the utility of QIF for evaluating BCL2 as a biomarker in DLBCL by quantifying BCL2 selectively in CD20-expressing lymphoma cells in biopsy samples from 116 cases of DLBCL in two cohorts one of which consisted of relapsed/refractory cases from a clinical trial. BCL2 protein by QIF correlated with BCL2 mRNA abundance and was associated with both translocation and copy number gain of the BCL2 gene. Elevated BCL2 protein expression by QIF, but not immunohistochemistry or mRNA quantification, was associated with inferior overall and relapse-free survival in the relapsed/refractory cohort. QIF is an effective means of quantifying BCL2 protein objectively in routine cancer biopsy specimens and shows promise for identifying relapsed/refractory DLBCL patients at risk of inferior outcomes after salvage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Chen
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Kathrin Tyryshkin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Alison Moore
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - David W Scott
- BC Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Yi Li
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Lois E Shepherd
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.,Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Kingston, Canada
| | - Michael Rauh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Lan Deng
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - David Good
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Shakeel Virk
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | - Susan Crocker
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Tara Baetz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - David P LeBrun
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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Kuo CT, Chen CL, Li CC, Huang GS, Ma WY, Hsu WF, Lin CH, Lu YS, Wo AM. Immunofluorescence can assess the efficacy of mTOR pathway therapeutic agent Everolimus in breast cancer models. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10898. [PMID: 31358767 PMCID: PMC6662705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
When breast cancer patients start to exhibit resistance to hormonal therapy or chemotherapy, the mTOR inhibitor everolimus can be considered as an alternative therapeutic agent. Everolimus can deregulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and affect a range of cellular functions. In some patients, the agent does not exhibit the desired efficacy and, even worse, not without the associated side effects. This study assessed the use of immunofluorescence (IF) as a modality to fill this unmet need of predicting the efficacy of everolimus prior to administration. Cell viability and MTT assays based on IF intensities of pho-4EBP1 Thr37/46 and pho-S6K1 Ser424 on breast cancer cells (Hs578T, MCF7, BT474, MDA-MB-231) and patient-derived cell culture from metastatic sites (ABC-82T and ABC-16TX1) were interrogated. Results show that independent pho-4EBP1 Thr37/46 and pho-S6K1 Ser424 IF expressions can classify data into different groups: everolimus sensitive and resistant. The combined IF baseline intensity of these proteins is predictive of the efficacy of everolimus, and their intensities change dynamically when cells are resistant to everolimus. Furthermore, mTOR resistance is not only consequence of the AKT/mTOR pathway but also through the LKB1 or MAPK/ERK pathway. The LKB1 and pho-GSK3β may also be potential predictive markers for everolimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ting Kuo
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lin Chen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chi Li
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Syuan Huang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yuan Ma
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Hsu
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shen Lu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Andrew M Wo
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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