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Protective Effects of Triphala on Dermal Fibroblasts and Human Keratinocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145921. [PMID: 26731545 PMCID: PMC4711708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin is body’s vital organ constantly exposed to abiotic oxidative stress. This can have deleterious effects on skin such as darkening, skin damage, and aging. Plant-derived products having skin-protective effects are well-known traditionally. Triphala, a formulation of three fruit products, is one of the most important rasayana drugs used in Ayurveda. Several skin care products based on Triphala are available that claim its protective effects on facial skin. However, the skin protective effects of Triphala extract (TE) and its mechanistic action on skin cells have not been elucidated in vitro. Gallic acid, ellagic acid, and chebulinic acid were deduced by LC-MS as the major constituents of TE. The identified key compounds were docked with skin-related proteins to predict their binding affinity. The IC50 values for TE on human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were 204.90 ± 7.6 and 239.13 ± 4.3 μg/mL respectively. The antioxidant capacity of TE was 481.33 ± 1.5 mM Trolox equivalents in HaCaT cells. Triphala extract inhibited hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced RBC haemolysis (IC50 64.95 μg/mL), nitric oxide production by 48.62 ± 2.2%, and showed high reducing power activity. TE also rescued HDF from H2O2-induced damage; inhibited H2O2 induced cellular senescence and protected HDF from DNA damage. TE increased collagen-I, involucrin and filaggrin synthesis by 70.72 ± 2.3%, 67.61 ± 2.1% and 51.91 ± 3.5% in HDF or HaCaT cells respectively. TE also exhibited anti-tyrosinase and melanin inhibition properties in a dose-dependent manner. TE increased the mRNA expression of collagen-I, elastin, superoxide dismutase (SOD-2), aquaporin-3 (AQP-3), filaggrin, involucrin, transglutaminase in HDF or HaCaT cells, and decreased the mRNA levels of tyrosinase in B16F10 cells. Thus, Triphala exhibits protective benefits on skin cells in vitro and can be used as a potential ingredient in skin care formulations.
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Aulino P, Costa A, Chiaravalloti E, Perniconi B, Adamo S, Coletti D, Marrelli M, Tatullo M, Teodori L. Muscle extracellular matrix scaffold is a multipotent environment. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:336-40. [PMID: 25897295 PMCID: PMC4402437 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.10761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The multipotency of scaffolds is a new concept. Skeletal muscle acellular scaffolds (MAS) implanted at the interface of Tibialis Anterior/tibial bone and masseter muscle/mandible bone in a murine model were colonized by muscle cells near the host muscle and by bone-cartilaginous tissues near the host bone, thus highlighting the importance of the environment in directing cell homing and differentiation. These results unveil the multipotency of MAS and point to the potential of this new technique as a valuable tool in musculo-skeletal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Aulino
- 1. Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy ; 2. Calabrodental clinic, Biomedical Section, Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Crotone, Italy
| | - Alessandra Costa
- 1. Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy ; 3. Fondazione San Raffaele, Ceglie Messapica, Italy ; 4. Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ernesto Chiaravalloti
- 2. Calabrodental clinic, Biomedical Section, Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Crotone, Italy
| | - Barbara Perniconi
- 2. Calabrodental clinic, Biomedical Section, Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Crotone, Italy ; 5. UMR 8256 CNRS Biology of Adaptation and Aging, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Sergio Adamo
- 1. Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Coletti
- 2. Calabrodental clinic, Biomedical Section, Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Crotone, Italy ; 5. UMR 8256 CNRS Biology of Adaptation and Aging, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Massimo Marrelli
- 2. Calabrodental clinic, Biomedical Section, Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Crotone, Italy
| | - Marco Tatullo
- 2. Calabrodental clinic, Biomedical Section, Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Crotone, Italy ; 6. Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Crotone, Italy
| | - Laura Teodori
- 3. Fondazione San Raffaele, Ceglie Messapica, Italy ; 7. UTAPRAD-DIM, ENEA Frascati, Rome, Italy
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