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Rohmansyah NA, Ka Praja R, Phanpheng Y, Hiruntrakul A. High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training for Improving Physical Health in Elderly Women. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2023; 60:469580231172870. [PMID: 37158072 PMCID: PMC10184247 DOI: 10.1177/00469580231172870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In elderly women, a lack of regular physical exercise may result in faster decreases in general health and functional performance. Although high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) have been effectively applied in young and clinical groups, there is no evidence to support their use in elderly women to achieve health benefits. Thus, the major goal of this study was to investigate how HIIT affected health-related outcomes in elderly women. Twenty-four inactive elderly women agreed to participate in the 16-week HIIT and MICT intervention. Body composition, insulin resistance, blood lipids, functional capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and quality of life were all measured before and after the intervention. The number of differences between groups was determined using Cohen's effect sizes, and the pre-post intra-group changes were compared using paired t-tests. Using 2 × 2 ANOVA, the time × group interaction effects between HIIT and MICT were evaluated. Body fat percentage, sagittal abdominal diameter, waist circumference, and hip circumference all were improved significantly in the 2 groups. HIIT substantially improved fasting plasma glucose and cardiorespiratory fitness as compared to the MICT. HIIT improved the lipid profile and functional ability more significantly compared to the MICT group. These findings show that HIIT is a useful exercise for improving elderly women's physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rian Ka Praja
- Universitas Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
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Parada-Sánchez SG, Macias-Cervantes MH, Pérez-Vázquez V, Vargas-Ortiz K. The effects of different types of exercise on circulating irisin levels in healthy individuals and in people with overweight, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Physiol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a myokine secreted during exercise. It has drawn the attention of researchers as it regulates several effects of exercise that are considered beneficial. It has also been proposed as a therapeutic tool to treat metabolic disorders. In recent years, the effect of different types of training on circulating irisin has been studied in large populations. An overall beneficial result has been shown, however, the outcome of the investigations has raised some controversy. Herein we evaluated the existing literature on the effects of different types of training on the circulating irisin levels in healthy subjects and in those displaying different metabolic condition. We conducted queries in the PubMed and Web of Science databases for literature published between January 2010 and January 2021. Thirty-seven original articles were retrieved and they were included in this review. Any letter to the editor, meta-analyses, reviews, and systematic review articles were excluded. From these 37 articles, 19 of them reported increased levels of circulating irisin. The interventions encompassed aerobic, resistance, combined, circuit, and interval training types. Such increase of circulating irisin was reported for healthy subjects and for those displaying different metabolic condition. A training that is steadily kept with a moderate to high intensity, including that characterized by brief highly intense intervals, were distinguishable from the rest. Nevertheless, the training effectiveness as evaluated by the increased circulating irisin levels depends on the subject’s metabolic condition and age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - K Vargas-Ortiz
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, Guanajuato, México.
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Heiston EM, Malin SK. Impact of Exercise on Inflammatory Mediators of Metabolic and Vascular Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1134:271-294. [PMID: 30919343 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12668-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of obesity is cornerstone in the etiology of metabolic and vascular insulin resistance and consequently exacerbates glycemic control. Exercise is an efficacious first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes that improves insulin action through, in part, reducing hormone mediated inflammation. Together, improving the coordination of skeletal muscle metabolism with vascular delivery of glucose will be required for optimizing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Heiston
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Steven K Malin
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Monteiro-Junior RS, de Tarso Maciel-Pinheiro P, da Matta Mello Portugal E, da Silva Figueiredo LF, Terra R, Carneiro LSF, Rodrigues VD, Nascimento OJM, Deslandes AC, Laks J. Effect of Exercise on Inflammatory Profile of Older Persons: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. J Phys Act Health 2018; 15:64-71. [PMID: 28771081 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2016-0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins increase with aging, promoting a chronic low-grade inflammation. Studies have shown a positive effect of exercise on inflammatory markers in older persons. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are the main biomarkers investigated. However, it is unclear if exercise could decrease all these biomarkers. PURPOSE The aim was to analyze the effect of chronic exercise on IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP levels in older persons. METHODS Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines were adopted. Original articles that investigated the effect of chronic exercise on inflammatory profile of the elderly persons were eligible for this review. The databases PubMed, PEDro, EBSCO, and BioMed Central were searched. Three reviewers evaluated each publication for reducing bias. Data about IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP were collected and analyzed. A standardized mean difference based on estimated pooled effect size was calculated considering heterogeneity index (I2) and random effect. RESULTS Seventy-six studies were retrieved from databases, and 8 of them were analyzed. IL-6 and CRP levels decreased after chronic exercise (overall effect P < .05). CONCLUSION Regular exercise decreases IL-6 and CRP levels in older persons. The effect of exercise on TNF-α remains unclear.
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Alkhatib A, Tsang C, Tiss A, Bahorun T, Arefanian H, Barake R, Khadir A, Tuomilehto J. Functional Foods and Lifestyle Approaches for Diabetes Prevention and Management. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1310. [PMID: 29194424 PMCID: PMC5748760 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional foods contain biologically active ingredients associated with physiological health benefits for preventing and managing chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A regular consumption of functional foods may be associated with enhanced anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, insulin sensitivity, and anti-cholesterol functions, which are considered integral to prevent and manage T2DM. Components of the Mediterranean diet (MD)-such as fruits, vegetables, oily fish, olive oil, and tree nuts-serve as a model for functional foods based on their natural contents of nutraceuticals, including polyphenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols, pigments, and unsaturated fatty acids. Polyphenols within MD and polyphenol-rich herbs-such as coffee, green tea, black tea, and yerba maté-have shown clinically-meaningful benefits on metabolic and microvascular activities, cholesterol and fasting glucose lowering, and anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation in high-risk and T2DM patients. However, combining exercise with functional food consumption can trigger and augment several metabolic and cardiovascular protective benefits, but it is under-investigated in people with T2DM and bariatric surgery patients. Detecting functional food benefits can now rely on an "omics" biological profiling of individuals' molecular, genetics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, but is under-investigated in multi-component interventions. A personalized approach for preventing and managing T2DM should consider biological and behavioral models, and embed nutrition education as part of lifestyle diabetes prevention studies. Functional foods may provide additional benefits in such an approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alkhatib
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman 15462, Kuwait.
| | - Catherine Tsang
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, St. Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK.
| | - Ali Tiss
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman 15462, Kuwait.
| | - Theeshan Bahorun
- ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, University of Mauritius, MSIRI Building, Réduit 80837, Mauritius.
| | | | - Roula Barake
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman 15462, Kuwait.
| | | | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman 15462, Kuwait.
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Watanabe LP, Riddle NC. Characterization of the Rotating Exercise Quantification System (REQS), a novel Drosophila exercise quantification apparatus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185090. [PMID: 29016615 PMCID: PMC5634558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and has prompted international legislation in an attempt to curtail its prevalence. Despite the fact that one of the most prescribed treatment options for obesity is exercise, the genetic mechanisms underlying exercise response in individuals are still largely unknown. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a promising new model for studying exercise genetics. Currently, the lack of an accurate method to quantify the amount of exercise performed by the animals is limiting the utility of the Drosophila model for exercise genetics research. To address this limitation, we developed the Rotational Exercise Quantification System (REQS), a novel apparatus that is able to simultaneously induce exercise in flies while recording their activity levels. Thus, the REQS provides a method to standardize Drosophila exercise and ensure that all animals irrespective of genotype and sex experience the same level of exercise. Here, we provide a basic characterization of the REQS, validate its measurements using video-tracking technology, illustrate its potential use by presenting a comparison of two different exercise regimes, and demonstrate that it can be used to detect genotype-dependent variation in activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Patrick Watanabe
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Nicole C. Riddle
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Malin SK, Liu Z, Barrett EJ, Weltman A. Exercise resistance across the prediabetes phenotypes: Impact on insulin sensitivity and substrate metabolism. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2016; 17:81-90. [PMID: 27106830 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prediabetes is a heterogeneous term that encompasses different origins of insulin resistance and insulin secretion that contribute to distinct patterns of hyperglycemia. In fact, prediabetes is an umbrella term that characterizes individuals at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD). Based on current definitions there are at least 3 distinct phenotypes of prediabetes: impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerant (IGT), or the combination of both (IFG + IGT). Each phenotype is clinically relevant as they are uniquely recognized as having different levels of risk for progressing to T2D and CVD. Herein, we discuss the underlying pathophysiology that characterizes IFG, IGT and the combination, as well as examine how some of these phenotypes appear resistant to traditional exercise interventions. We propose that substrate metabolism differences between the prediabetes phenotypes may be a unifying mechanism that explains the inter-subject variation in response to exercise seen across obese, metabolic syndrome, pre-diabetic and T2D patients in the current literature. Ultimately, a better understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms that govern disturbances responsible for fasting vs. postprandial hyperglycemia and the combination of both is important for designing optimal and personalized exercise treatment strategies that treat and prevent hyperglycemia and CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Malin
- Applied Metabolism & Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, 210 Emmet St., 225A Memorial Gymnasium, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Eugene J Barrett
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Arthur Weltman
- Applied Metabolism & Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, 210 Emmet St., 225A Memorial Gymnasium, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Lee SS, Yoo JH, So YS. Effect of the low- versus high-intensity exercise training on endoplasmic reticulum stress and GLP-1 in adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:3063-8. [PMID: 26644644 PMCID: PMC4668135 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effect of low-intensity exercise training compare with high-intensity exercise training on endoplasmic reticulum stress and glucagon-like peptide-1 in adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus. [Subjects and Methods] The low-intensity exercise training group performed aerobic exercise training at an intensity of ≤ 45% of the heart rate reserve. The high-intensity interval exercise training group performed interval exercise training at an intensity of ≥ 80% of the heart rate reserve. The exercise-related energy consumption was determined for both groups on a per-week basis (1,200 kcal/week). [Results] Both groups showed improvement in the glucose-regulated protein 78 and dipeptidyl peptidase-4, but the size of the between-group effect was not statistically significant. The high-intensity interval exercise training group showed a significant reduction in percentage body fat. The C-peptide level increased after the 12-weeks programs and was significantly different, between the groups. Fasting glucose, insulin resistance in the fasting state according to homeostasis model assessment, and leptin decreased after the 12-weeks exercise program and were significantly different between the groups, and glucagon-like peptide-1 increased after the 12-week exercise programs and was significantly different between the groups. [Conclusion] In conclusion high-intensity interval exercise training, as defined in this study, may lead to improvements in body composition, glycemic control, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the glucagon-like peptide-1 in adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Soo Lee
- Department of Coaching, Dong-A University, Republic of
Korea
| | - Jae Ho Yoo
- Department of Pediatric, College of Medicine, Dong-A
University Medical Center, Repulic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok So
- Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Repulic of Korea
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Duong K, Lee JSH. Perception of Exercise Lifestyle as a Valid Tool for Prevention and Treatment of Depression in Rural Communities. J Lifestyle Med 2015; 5:39-48. [PMID: 26770890 PMCID: PMC4711958 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2015.5.2.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines perception of exercise lifestyle prescription as a valid treatment for depression among rural patients at a primary care clinic in Texas. METHODS The researchers created a depression and exercise survey completed by 104 patients ages 18 and up living in central, economically disadvantaged rural Texas. Logistic regression was used to analyze data obtained. RESULTS There was a significant difference (p = 0.01) in perception of exercise as a valid treatment for depression as a function of demographic variables, however not as a function of exercise duration (p = 0.12) in the rural primary care clinic's patients. Even though it was not a statistically significant finding, there was a positive correlation found between the amount of exercise engaged in per day and the likelihood to have a positive perception of exercise prescription as a tool in depression prevention and treatment. CONCLUSION Participants between ages 40 to 59 years old, female, and of Hispanic ethnicity independently are most likely to perceive exercise lifestyle as a valid treatment for depression. This is the first study to look specifically at patient perception of exercise as a valid treatment tool for depression not only in rural areas, but also in the nation. Findings from this pilot study may help healthcare service providers learn how to best incorporate exercise prescription into depression prevention and treatment in rural areas, leading to reducing depression epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Duong
- Medical Student, Department of Family Medicine, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, Texas 76107-2699,
USA
| | - Jenny Seung-Hyun Lee
- Assistant Professor, Department of Family Medicine, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, Texas 76107-2699,
USA
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