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Wang L, Liang B, Liu J, Jin H, Zhu Z, Hao S, Wang S, Sheng X, Zhou X, Zhu H, Sui N. The Combination of Shading and Potassium Application Regulated the Bulb Active Ingredients Accumulation in Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. by Affecting Rhizosphere Microecology. Microorganisms 2025; 13:125. [PMID: 39858893 PMCID: PMC11767283 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2024] [Revised: 12/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
The bulbs of the lily plant Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. possess substantial medicinal properties for relieving coughs and clearing the lungs. However, excessive pursuit of yield during cultivation has led to a decrease in medicinal ingredients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of two single-factor treatments, shading (SK0) and potassium application (S0K), and their coupling treatment (SK) on bulb biomass and medicinal substance content, along with the role of rhizosphere microorganisms. Shading increased the content of active ingredients in bulbs by approximately 11.7% while decreasing bulb biomass by approximately 11.3%. SK treatment mitigated the biomass reduction caused by SK0 treatment while enhancing the accumulation of active ingredients in F. thunbergii, up to 1.2 times higher than that of SK0 treatment. In rhizosphere soil, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium (ANPR), Chryseobacterium, Brevundimonas, and Phoma exhibited significant positive correlations with medicinal components, among which ANPR, Brevundimonas, Chryseobacterium, and Phoma were responsive to SK treatments. Also, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia (BCP) and Brevundimonas responded to changes at different growth stages of F. thunbergii. The relative abundance of these microorganisms was associated with the alterations of soil factors resulting from shading or K application. Our results indicate that these microorganisms are beneficial to the growth of bulbs and the synthesis of active components in F. thunbergii. The combination of shading and K application may regulate the accumulation of medicinal substances in F. thunbergii by modulating the structure of the soil microbial community. Our results serve as a reference for soil improvement for medicinal plant cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leran Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (L.W.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (S.W.); (X.S.); (X.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Bingbing Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (L.W.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (S.W.); (X.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (L.W.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (S.W.); (X.S.); (X.Z.)
- Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Huizhen Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (L.W.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (S.W.); (X.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zixuan Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (L.W.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (S.W.); (X.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Siyu Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (L.W.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (S.W.); (X.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Shumin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (L.W.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (S.W.); (X.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Sheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (L.W.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (S.W.); (X.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xinshu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (L.W.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (S.W.); (X.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Honghai Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (L.W.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (S.W.); (X.S.); (X.Z.)
- Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Ning Sui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (L.W.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (S.W.); (X.S.); (X.Z.)
- Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua 321000, China
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Xu X, Li X, Chen S, Liang Y, Zhang C, Huang Y. Simultaneous Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of 41 Constituents in Uvaria macrophylla Leaves Screen Antioxidant Quality-Markers Using Database-Affinity Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Quadrupole Orbitrap Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2024; 29:4886. [PMID: 39459254 PMCID: PMC11510267 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29204886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, no study has focused on Uvaria macrophylla leaves with various traditional efficiencies. This paper therefore applied a database affinity ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS) strategy to analyze the lyophilized aqueous extract of U. macrophylla leaves. Through database comparison and MS fragment elucidation, this study has putatively identified 41 constituents belonging to flavonoid, phenolic acid, steroid, and saccharide natural product classifications. Significantly, four groups of isomers (liquiritigenin vs. isoliquiritigenin vs. pinocembrin; oroxylin A vs. wogonin vs. galangin 3-methyl ether; isoquercitrin vs. hyperoside; protocatechuic acid vs. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid) have been successfully distinguished from each other. All of 41 constituents were then subjected to a quantitative analysis based on linear regression equation established by the above UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS strategy and an ABTS+•-scavenging antioxidant assay. Finally, the chemical content was multiplied by the corresponding ABTS+•-scavenging percentage to calculate the antioxidant contribution. It was shown that the chemical contents of 41 constituents varied from 0.003 ± 0.000 to 14.418 ± 1.041 mg/g, and gallic acid showed the highest antioxidant contribution. Gallic acid is considered as a suitable antioxidant quality-marker (Q-marker) of U. macrophylla leaves. These findings have scientific implications for the resource development and quality control of U. macrophylla leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu Medical University, Pingliang 744000, China
| | - Xican Li
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Shaoman Chen
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yongbai Liang
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Chuanyang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China;
| | - Yuhan Huang
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
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Li X, Chen S, Zeng J, Cai R, Liang Y, Chen C, Chen B, Li C. Database-aided UHPLC-Q-orbitrap MS/MS strategy putatively identifies 52 compounds from Wushicha Granule to propose anti-counterfeiting quality-markers for pharmacopoeia. Chin Med 2023; 18:116. [PMID: 37689743 PMCID: PMC10492348 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Wushicha Granule, an over-the-counter-drug (OTC) prescription, consists of 19 traditional Chinese herbals medicines (CHMs), such as Chaihu, Hongcha, Chuanxiong, Houpo, and Gancao. The five however have not been effectively characterized by the quality-markers (Q-markers) system in current Pharmacopoeia. The study therefore established a novel database-aided ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-orbitrap MS/MS) strategy. The strategy has putatively identified 52 compounds from Wushicha Granule, mainly including flavonoids, saponins, alkaloid, lignins, and lactones. Especially, saponin "glycyrrhetinic acid" in the Granule was specifically identified as 18β-configuration (rather than 18α-configuration). Meanwhile, two pairs of isomers were fully discriminated, including vitexin vs isovitexin and daidzein vs 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone. 8β-Glycyrrhetinic acid, together with saponin saikosaponin A, alkaloid caffeine, lactone S-senkyunolide A, and lignin magnolol, were further studied using quantum chemical calculation, UV-vis spectra, and anti-counterfeiting validation experiment. In the validation experiment, they have successfully recognized 6 counterfeit Wushicha Granules, by means of a LC-MS equipped extraction software. Based on these results, 8β-glycyrrhetinic acid is recommended to replace the old Q-marker "glycyrrhetinic acid"; while saikosaponin A, caffeine, S-senkyunolide A, and magnolol are recommended as new Q-markers. These recommendations can not only recognize the counterfeits regarding Chaihu, Hongcha, Chuanxiong, Houpo, and Gancao, but also prevent the possible safety-incident. All these will greatly improve the efficiency and specificity of current Pharmacopoeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xican Li
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shaoman Chen
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingyuan Zeng
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rongxin Cai
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yilan Liang
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuanbin Chen
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ban Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Chunhou Li
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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