1
|
Shallie PD, Naicker T. Differential upregulations of SMAC and LAMIN B levels in the buffy coat of HIV associated preeclamptic women. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:5080-5086. [PMID: 33478301 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1875210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess HIV positivity as an apoptotic confounding variable in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. METHODS AND MATERIALS Using a Bio-plex Multiplex Immunoassay, Smac and Lamin B concentrations (ng/ml) were analyzed in a buffy coat collected from 128 pregnant women attending a large regional hospital in Durban, South Africa. Study groups consisted of Normotensive and Preeclamptic pregnant women stratified according to their HIV status. All HIV positive groups received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). RESULTS Our findings showed significant (p < .05) upregulation in the levels of both SMAC and LAMIN B in the HIV positive patients and a concomitant downregulation of the same apoptotic makers were observed in preeclampsia regardless of HIV status. CONCLUSIONS These results could be associated with the fact that apoptosis promotes deregulation of mitochondrial dynamics, contributing to the associated severe obstetric events observed in pregnancies among HIV-infected women on HAART.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philemon D Shallie
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Anatomy, College of Medicine, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, College of Health Sciences, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pedro MN, Rocha GZ, Guadagnini D, Santos A, Magro DO, Assalin HB, Oliveira AG, Pedro RDJ, Saad MJA. Insulin Resistance in HIV-Patients: Causes and Consequences. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:514. [PMID: 30233499 PMCID: PMC6133958 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we review how immune activation and insulin resistance contribute to the metabolic alterations observed in HIV-infected patients, and how these alterations increase the risk of developing CVD. The introduction and evolution of antiretroviral drugs over the past 25 years has completely changed the clinical prognosis of HIV-infected patients. The deaths of these individuals are now related to atherosclerotic CVDs, rather than from the viral infection itself. However, HIV infection, cART, and intestinal microbiota are associated with immune activation and insulin resistance, which can lead to the development of a variety of diseases and disorders, especially with regards to CVDs. The increase in LPS and proinflammatory cytokines circulating levels and intracellular mechanisms activate serine kinases, resulting in insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) serine phosphorylation and consequently a down regulation in insulin signaling. While lifestyle modifications and pharmaceutical interventions can be employed to treat these altered metabolic functions, the mechanisms involved in the development of these chronic complications remain largely unresolved. The elucidation and understanding of these mechanisms will give rise to new classes of drugs that will further improve the quality of life of HIV-infected patients, over the age of 50.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo N. Pedro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Z. Rocha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dioze Guadagnini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andrey Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniela O. Magro
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Heloisa B. Assalin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G. Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Rogerio de Jesus Pedro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mario J. A. Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Mario J. A. Saad
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Harmsen MJ, Browne JL, Venter F, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Rijken MJ. The association between HIV (treatment), pregnancy serum lipid concentrations and pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:489. [PMID: 28697741 PMCID: PMC5505132 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observed adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the lipid profile could be of significance in pregnancy. This systematic review aims to summarize studies that investigated the association between HIV, ART and serum lipids during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in five electronic databases to obtain articles that measured serum lipid concentrations or the incidence of dyslipidaemia in HIV-infected pregnant women. Included articles were assessed for quality according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The extracted data was analysed through descriptive analysis. RESULTS Of the 1264 articles screened, 17 articles were included in this review; eleven reported the incidence of dyslipidaemia, and twelve on maternal serum lipid concentrations under the influence of HIV-infection and ART. No articles reported pregnancy outcomes in relation to serum lipids. Articles were of acceptable quality, but heterogenic in methods and study design. Lipid levels in HIV-infected women increased 1.5-3 fold over the trimesters of pregnancy, and remained within the physiological reference range. The percentage of women with dyslipidaemia was variable between the studies [0-88.9%] and highest in the groups on first generation protease inhibitors and for women on ART at conception. CONCLUSION This systematic review observed physiologic concentrations of serum lipids for HIV-infected women receiving ART during pregnancy. Serum lipids were increased in users of first generation protease inhibitors and for those on treatment at conception. There was no information available about pregnancy outcomes. Future studies are needed which include HIV-uninfected control groups, control for potential confounders, and overcome limitations associated with included studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa J. Harmsen
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joyce L. Browne
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Francois Venter
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marcus J. Rijken
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hernandez S, Moren C, Catalán-García M, Lopez M, Guitart-Mampel M, Coll O, Garcia L, Milisenda J, Justamante A, Gatell JM, Cardellach F, Gratacos E, Miro Ò, Garrabou G. Mitochondrial toxicity and caspase activation in HIV pregnant women. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:26-34. [PMID: 27577111 PMCID: PMC5192803 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the impact of HIV-infection and highly active anti-retroviral treatment in mitochondria and apoptotic activation of caspases during pregnancy and their association with adverse perinatal outcome. Changes of mitochondrial parameters and apoptotic caspase activation in maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells were compared at first trimester of pregnancy and delivery in 27 HIV-infected and -treated pregnant women versus 24 uninfected pregnant controls. We correlated immunovirological, therapeutic and perinatal outcome with experimental findings: mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, mitochondrial protein synthesis, mitochondrial function and apoptotic caspase activation. The HIV pregnancies showed increased adverse perinatal outcome (OR: 4.81 [1.14-20.16]; P < 0.05) and decreased mtDNA content (42.66 ± 5.94%, P < 0.01) compared to controls, even higher in naïve participants. This depletion caused a correlated decrease in mitochondrial protein synthesis (12.82 ± 5.73%, P < 0.01) and function (20.50 ± 10.14%, P < 0.001), not observed in controls. Along pregnancy, apoptotic caspase-3 activation increased 63.64 ± 45.45% in controls (P < 0.001) and 100.00 ± 47.37% in HIV-pregnancies (P < 0.001), in correlation with longer exposure to nucleoside analogues. HIV-infected women showed increased obstetric problems and declined genetic and functional mitochondrial parameters during pregnancy, especially those firstly exposed to anti-retrovirals. The apoptotic activation of caspases along pregnancy is emphasized in HIV pregnancies promoted by nucleoside analogues. However, we could not demonstrate direct mitochondrial or apoptotic implication in adverse obstetric outcome probably because of the reduced sample size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hernandez
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, Clinical Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Constanza Moren
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Catalán-García
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Lopez
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, Clinical Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariona Guitart-Mampel
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Garcia
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, Clinical Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Milisenda
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Justamante
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francesc Cardellach
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Gratacos
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, Clinical Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Òscar Miro
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Garrabou
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nasi M, De Biasi S, Gibellini L, Bianchini E, Pecorini S, Bacca V, Guaraldi G, Mussini C, Pinti M, Cossarizza A. Ageing and inflammation in patients with HIV infection. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 187:44-52. [PMID: 27198731 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, HIV+ patients have an expected lifespan that is only slightly shorter than healthy individuals. For this reason, along with the fact that infection can be acquired at a relatively advanced age, the effects of ageing on HIV+ people have begun to be evident. Successful anti-viral treatment is, on one hand, responsible for the development of side effects related to drug toxicity; on the other hand, it is not able to inhibit the onset of several complications caused by persistent immune activation and chronic inflammation. Therefore, patients with a relatively advanced age, i.e. aged more than 50 years, can experience pathologies that affect much older citizens. HIV+ individuals with non-AIDS-related complications can thus come to the attention of clinicians because of the presence of neurocognitive disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, bone abnormalities and non-HIV-associated cancers. Chronic inflammation and immune activation, observed typically in elderly people and defined as 'inflammaging', can be present in HIV+ patients who experience a type of premature ageing, which affects the quality of life significantly. This relatively new condition is extremely complex, and important factors have been identified as well as the traditional behavioural risk factors, e.g. the toxicity of anti-retroviral treatments and the above-mentioned chronic inflammation leading to a functional decline and a vulnerability to injury or pathologies. Here, we discuss the role of inflammation and immune activation on the most important non-AIDS-related complications of chronic HIV infection, and the contribution of aging per se to this scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Nasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Modena, Italy
| | - S De Biasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Modena, Italy
| | - L Gibellini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Modena, Italy
| | | | - S Pecorini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Modena, Italy
| | - V Bacca
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Modena, Italy
| | - G Guaraldi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Adults and Children, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Infectious Diseases Clinics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - C Mussini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Modena, Italy.,Infectious Diseases Clinics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - M Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, Modena, Italy
| | - A Cossarizza
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shokolenko IN, Wilson GL, Alexeyev MF. The "fast" and the "slow" modes of mitochondrial DNA degradation. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2014; 27:490-8. [PMID: 24724936 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.905829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In a living cell, oxidative stress resulting from an external or internal insult can result in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and degradation. Here, we show that in HeLa cells, mtDNA can withstand relatively high levels of extracellular oxidant H2O2 before it is damaged to a point of degradation, and that mtDNA levels in these cells quickly recover after removal of the stressor. In contrast, mtDNA degradation in mouse fibroblast cells is induced at eight-fold lower concentrations of H2O2, and restoration of the lost mtDNA proceeds much slower. Importantly, mtDNA levels in HeLa cells continue to decline even after withdrawal of the stressor thus marking the "slow" mode of mtDNA degradation. Conversely, in mouse fibroblasts maximal loss of mtDNA is achieved during treatment, and is already detectable at 5 min after exposure, indicating the "fast" mode. These differences may modulate susceptibility to oxidative stress of those organs, which consist of multiple cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inna N Shokolenko
- a Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience , University of South Alabama , Mobile , AL , USA
| | - Glenn L Wilson
- a Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience , University of South Alabama , Mobile , AL , USA
| | - Mikhail F Alexeyev
- a Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience , University of South Alabama , Mobile , AL , USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
To highlight differences between early-onset and adult mitochondrial depletion syndromes (MDS) concerning etiology and genetic background, pathogenesis, phenotype, clinical presentation and their outcome. MDSs most frequently occur in neonates, infants, or juveniles and more rarely in adolescents or adults. Mutated genes phenotypically presenting with adult-onset MDS include POLG1, TK2, TyMP, RRM2B, or PEO1/twinkle. Adult MDS manifest similarly to early-onset MDS, as myopathy, encephalo-myopathy, hepato-cerebral syndrome, or with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), fatigue, or only minimal muscular manifestations. Diagnostic work-up or treatment is not at variance from early-onset cases. Histological examination of muscle may be normal but biochemical investigations may reveal multiple respiratory chain defects. The outcome appears to be more favorable in adult than in early-onset forms. Mitochondrial depletion syndromes is not only a condition of neonates, infants, or juveniles but rarely also occurs in adults, presenting with minimal manifestations or manifestations like in the early-onset forms. Outcome of adult-onset MDS appears more favorable than early-onset MDS.
Collapse
|