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Ranpirnase (OKG-0301), a Novel Ribonuclease, Demonstrates Antiviral Activity against Adenovirus in the Ad5/NZW Rabbit Ocular Replication Model. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121485. [PMID: 36558819 PMCID: PMC9787402 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus ocular infections are common ocular viral infections seen worldwide, for which there is no approved antiviral therapy available. Ranpirnase is a novel ribonuclease which preferentially degrades tRNA resulting in an inhibition of protein synthesis. The study goal was to determine the anti-adenoviral activity of topical formulations of ranpirnase (OKG-0301) on adenoviral replication in the Ad5/NZW rabbit ocular replication model. NZW rabbits were inoculated in both eyes with human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV5) after corneal scarification. A day later, topical therapy was initiated in both eyes with 0.03% OKG-0301, 0.003% OKG-0301, saline or 0.5% cidofovir. Eyes were cultured to determine HAdV5 eye titers over 2 weeks. OKG-0301 (0.03% and 0.003%) and 0.5% cidofovir decreased viral titers compared to saline. Furthermore, both OKG-0301 formulations and 0.5% cidofovir shortened the duration of the HAdV5 infection compared to saline. Both 0.03% OKG-0301 and 0.003% OKG-0301 demonstrated increased antiviral activity compared to saline in the Ad5/NZW rabbit ocular replication model. The antiviral activity of the OKG-0301 groups was similar to that of the positive antiviral control, 0.5% cidofovir. Ranpirnase (OKG-0301) may be a potential candidate for a topical antiviral for adenoviral eye infections. Further clinical development is warranted.
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Role of the Ribonuclease ONCONASE in miRNA Biogenesis and tRNA Processing: Focus on Cancer and Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126556. [PMID: 35742999 PMCID: PMC9223570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of transcribed RNAs do not codify for proteins, nevertheless they display crucial regulatory functions by affecting the cellular protein expression profile. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are effectors of interfering mechanisms, so that their biogenesis is a tightly regulated process. Onconase (ONC) is an amphibian ribonuclease known for cytotoxicity against tumors and antiviral activity. Additionally, ONC administration in patients resulted in clinical effectiveness and in a well-tolerated feature, at least for lung carcinoma and malignant mesothelioma. Moreover, the ONC therapeutic effects are actually potentiated by cotreatment with many conventional antitumor drugs. This review not only aims to describe the ONC activity occurring either in different tumors or in viral infections but also to analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying ONC pleiotropic and cellular-specific effects. In cancer, data suggest that ONC affects malignant phenotypes by generating tRNA fragments and miRNAs able to downregulate oncogenes expression and upregulate tumor-suppressor proteins. In cells infected by viruses, ONC hampers viral spread by digesting the primer tRNAs necessary for viral DNA replication. In this scenario, new therapeutic tools might be developed by exploiting the action of ONC-elicited RNA derivatives.
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Früh A, Tielking K, Schoknecht F, Liu S, Schneider UC, Fischer S, Vajkoczy P, Xu R. RNase A Inhibits Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Physiol 2021; 12:724611. [PMID: 34603082 PMCID: PMC8481772 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.724611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) caused by rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, is a life-threatening emergency that is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Emerging evidence suggests involvement of the innate immune response in secondary brain injury, and a potential role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) for SAH-associated neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal patterns of NETs in SAH and the potential role of the RNase A (the bovine equivalent to human RNase 1) application on NET burden. Methods: A total number of n=81 male C57Bl/6 mice were operated utilizing a filament perforation model to induce SAH, and Sham operation was performed for the corresponding control groups. To confirm the bleeding and exclude stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, the animals received MRI after 24h. Mice were treated with intravenous injection of RNase A (42μg/kg body weight) or saline solution for the control groups, respectively. Quadruple-immunofluorescence (IF) staining for cell nuclei (DAPI), F-actin (phalloidin), citrullinated H3, and neurons (NeuN) was analyzed by confocal imaging and used to quantify NET abundance in the subarachnoid space (SAS) and brain parenchyma. To quantify NETs in human SAH patients, cerebrospinal spinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples from day 1, 2, 7, and 14 after bleeding onset were analyzed for double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) via Sytox Green. Results: Neutrophil extracellular traps are released upon subarachnoid hemorrhage in the SAS on the ipsilateral bleeding site 24h after ictus. Over time, NETs showed progressive increase in the parenchyma on both ipsi- and contralateral site, peaking on day 14 in periventricular localization. In CSF and blood samples of patients with aneurysmal SAH, NETs also increased gradually over time with a peak on day 7. RNase application significantly reduced NET accumulation in basal, cortical, and periventricular areas. Conclusion: Neutrophil extracellular trap formation following SAH originates in the ipsilateral SAS of the bleeding site and spreads gradually over time to basal, cortical, and periventricular areas in the parenchyma within 14days. Intravenous RNase application abrogates NET burden significantly in the brain parenchyma, underpinning a potential role in modulation of the innate immune activation after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Früh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Tielking
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Schoknecht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf C Schneider
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvia Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, Giessen University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Cioni P, Gabellieri E, Campanini B, Bettati S, Raboni S. Use of Exogenous Enzymes in Human Therapy: Approved Drugs and Potential Applications. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:411-452. [PMID: 34259137 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210713094722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of safe and efficacious enzyme-based human therapies has increased greatly in the last decades, thanks to remarkable advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for different diseases, and the characterization of the catalytic activity of relevant exogenous enzymes that may play a remedial effect in the treatment of such pathologies. Several enzyme-based biotherapeutics have been approved by FDA (the U.S. Food and Drug Administration) and EMA (the European Medicines Agency) and many are undergoing clinical trials. Apart from enzyme replacement therapy in human genetic diseases, which is not discussed in this review, approved enzymes for human therapy find applications in several fields, from cancer therapy to thrombolysis and the treatment, e.g., of clotting disorders, cystic fibrosis, lactose intolerance and collagen-based disorders. The majority of therapeutic enzymes are of microbial origin, the most convenient source due to fast, simple and cost-effective production and manipulation. The use of microbial recombinant enzymes has broadened prospects for human therapy but some hurdles such as high immunogenicity, protein instability, short half-life and low substrate affinity, still need to be tackled. Alternative sources of enzymes, with reduced side effects and improved activity, as well as genetic modification of the enzymes and novel delivery systems are constantly searched. Chemical modification strategies, targeted- and/or nanocarrier-mediated delivery, directed evolution and site-specific mutagenesis, fusion proteins generated by genetic manipulation are the most explored tools to reduce toxicity and improve bioavailability and cellular targeting. This review provides a description of exogenous enzymes that are presently employed for the therapeutic management of human diseases with their current FDA/EMA-approved status, along with those already experimented at the clinical level and potential promising candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Cioni
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa. Italy
| | - Edi Gabellieri
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa. Italy
| | - Barbara Campanini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, 43124 Parma. Italy
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa. Italy
| | - Samanta Raboni
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa. Italy
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Castro J, Ribó M, Vilanova M, Benito A. Strengths and Challenges of Secretory Ribonucleases as AntiTumor Agents. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:82. [PMID: 33435285 PMCID: PMC7828032 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Approaches to develop effective drugs to kill cancer cells are mainly focused either on the improvement of the currently used chemotherapeutics or on the development of targeted therapies aimed at the selective destruction of cancer cells by steering specific molecules and/or enhancing the immune response. The former strategy is limited by its genotoxicity and severe side effects, while the second one is not always effective due to tumor cell heterogeneity and variability of targets in cancer cells. Between these two strategies, several approaches target different types of RNA in tumor cells. RNA degradation alters gene expression at different levels inducing cell death. However, unlike DNA targeting, it is a pleotropic but a non-genotoxic process. Among the ways to destroy RNA, we find the use of ribonucleases with antitumor properties. In the last few years, there has been a significant progress in the understanding of the mechanism by which these enzymes kill cancer cells and in the development of more effective variants. All the approaches seek to maintain the requirements of the ribonucleases to be specifically cytotoxic for tumor cells. These requirements start with the competence of the enzymes to interact with the cell membrane, a process that is critical for their internalization and selectivity for tumor cells and continue with the downstream effects mainly relying on changes in the RNA molecular profile, which are not only due to the ribonucleolytic activity of these enzymes. Although the great improvements achieved in the antitumor activity by designing new ribonuclease variants, some drawbacks still need to be addressed. In the present review, we will focus on the known mechanisms used by ribonucleases to kill cancer cells and on recent strategies to solve the shortcomings that they show as antitumor agents, mainly their pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Castro
- Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 40, 17003 Girona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.R.)
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Hospital de Santa Caterina, Carrer del Dr. Castany, s/n, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Marc Ribó
- Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 40, 17003 Girona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.R.)
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Hospital de Santa Caterina, Carrer del Dr. Castany, s/n, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Maria Vilanova
- Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 40, 17003 Girona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.R.)
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Hospital de Santa Caterina, Carrer del Dr. Castany, s/n, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Antoni Benito
- Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 40, 17003 Girona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.R.)
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Hospital de Santa Caterina, Carrer del Dr. Castany, s/n, 17190 Salt, Spain
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Taghizadegan N, Firoozrai M, Nassiri M, Ariannejad H. A novel strategy for engineering of a smart generation of immune ribonucleases against EGFR + cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4303-4312. [PMID: 33421131 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) could result in the development of solid tumors of prostate, breast, gastric, colorectal, ovarian, and head and neck, leading to carcinoma. Antibody therapies are ideal methods to overcome malignant diseases. However, immunoribonucleases are a new generation of antibodies in which an RNase binds to a specific antibody and shows a stronger ability to terminate cancer cells. In this study, we engineered Rana pipiens RNase to bind to the scFv of human antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibody. The molecular dynamic simulations confirmed protein stability and the ability of scFv-ranpirnase (rantoxin) to bind to epidermal growth factor receptor protein. Then, the rantoxin construct was synthesized in a pCDNA 3.1 Neo vector. CHO-K1 cells were used as expression hosts and the construct was transfected. Cells were selected by antibiotic therapies using neomycin, 120 mg/ml, and the high-yield colony was screened by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Then, the recombinant protein production was confirmed using the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blot analyses. The molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) confirmed that the I467, S468, Q408, and H409 amino acids of EGFR bonded well to rantoxin. As revealed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blot analyses, the rantoxin production and PCR analysis showed that the T3 colony can produce rantoxin messenger RNA fourfold higher than the GAPDH gene. The immunotoxin function was assessed in A431 cancer cells and EGFR-negative HEK293 cells, and IC50 values were estimated to be 22.4 ± 3 and >620.4 ± 5 nM, respectively. The results indicated that the immunotoxins produced in this study had the potential for use as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Taghizadegan
- Department of Biochemistry, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Mohsen Firoozrai
- Department of Biochemistry, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Ariannejad
- Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Smith TG, Jackson FR, Morgan CN, Carson WC, Martin BE, Gallardo-Romero N, Ellison JA, Greenberg L, Hodge T, Squiquera L, Sulley J, Olson VA, Hutson CL. Antiviral Ranpirnase TMR-001 Inhibits Rabies Virus Release and Cell-to-Cell Infection In Vitro. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020177. [PMID: 32033253 PMCID: PMC7077210 DOI: 10.3390/v12020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, no rabies virus-specific antiviral drugs are available. Ranpirnase has strong antitumor and antiviral properties associated with its ribonuclease activity. TMR-001, a proprietary bulk drug substance solution of ranpirnase, was evaluated against rabies virus in three cell types: mouse neuroblastoma, BSR (baby hamster kidney cells), and bat primary fibroblast cells. When TMR-001 was added to cell monolayers 24 h preinfection, rabies virus release was inhibited for all cell types at three time points postinfection. TMR-001 treatment simultaneous with infection and 24 h postinfection effectively inhibited rabies virus release in the supernatant and cell-to-cell spread with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 0.2–2 nM and 20–600 nM, respectively. TMR-001 was administered at 0.1 mg/kg via intraperitoneal, intramuscular, or intravenous routes to Syrian hamsters beginning 24 h before a lethal rabies virus challenge and continuing once per day for up to 10 days. TMR-001 at this dose, formulation, and route of delivery did not prevent rabies virus transit from the periphery to the central nervous system in this model (n = 32). Further aspects of local controlled delivery of other active formulations or dose concentrations of TMR-001 or ribonuclease analogues should be investigated for this class of drugs as a rabies antiviral therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd G. Smith
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (F.R.J.); (C.N.M.); (W.C.C.); (B.E.M.); (N.G.-R.); (J.A.E.); (L.G.); (V.A.O.); (C.L.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-639-2282
| | - Felix R. Jackson
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (F.R.J.); (C.N.M.); (W.C.C.); (B.E.M.); (N.G.-R.); (J.A.E.); (L.G.); (V.A.O.); (C.L.H.)
| | - Clint N. Morgan
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (F.R.J.); (C.N.M.); (W.C.C.); (B.E.M.); (N.G.-R.); (J.A.E.); (L.G.); (V.A.O.); (C.L.H.)
| | - William C. Carson
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (F.R.J.); (C.N.M.); (W.C.C.); (B.E.M.); (N.G.-R.); (J.A.E.); (L.G.); (V.A.O.); (C.L.H.)
| | - Brock E. Martin
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (F.R.J.); (C.N.M.); (W.C.C.); (B.E.M.); (N.G.-R.); (J.A.E.); (L.G.); (V.A.O.); (C.L.H.)
| | - Nadia Gallardo-Romero
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (F.R.J.); (C.N.M.); (W.C.C.); (B.E.M.); (N.G.-R.); (J.A.E.); (L.G.); (V.A.O.); (C.L.H.)
| | - James A. Ellison
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (F.R.J.); (C.N.M.); (W.C.C.); (B.E.M.); (N.G.-R.); (J.A.E.); (L.G.); (V.A.O.); (C.L.H.)
| | - Lauren Greenberg
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (F.R.J.); (C.N.M.); (W.C.C.); (B.E.M.); (N.G.-R.); (J.A.E.); (L.G.); (V.A.O.); (C.L.H.)
| | - Thomas Hodge
- Tamir Biotechnology, Inc. 12625 High Bluff Drive Suite 113, San Diego, CA 92130, USA; (T.H.); (L.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Luis Squiquera
- Tamir Biotechnology, Inc. 12625 High Bluff Drive Suite 113, San Diego, CA 92130, USA; (T.H.); (L.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jamie Sulley
- Tamir Biotechnology, Inc. 12625 High Bluff Drive Suite 113, San Diego, CA 92130, USA; (T.H.); (L.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Victoria A. Olson
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (F.R.J.); (C.N.M.); (W.C.C.); (B.E.M.); (N.G.-R.); (J.A.E.); (L.G.); (V.A.O.); (C.L.H.)
| | - Christina L. Hutson
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (F.R.J.); (C.N.M.); (W.C.C.); (B.E.M.); (N.G.-R.); (J.A.E.); (L.G.); (V.A.O.); (C.L.H.)
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Dadar M, Chakraborty S, Dhama K, Prasad M, Khandia R, Hassan S, Munjal A, Tiwari R, Karthik K, Kumar D, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W. Advances in Designing and Developing Vaccines, Drugs and Therapeutic Approaches to Counter Human Papilloma Virus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2478. [PMID: 30483247 PMCID: PMC6240620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection with skin-to-skin based transmission mode. HPV annually caused over 500,000 cancer cases including cervical, anogenital and oropharyngeal cancer among others. HPV vaccination has become a public-health concern, worldwide, to prevent the cases of HPV infections including precancerous lesions, cervical cancers, and genital warts especially in adolescent female and male population by launching national programs with international alliances. Currently, available prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines are expensive to be used in developing countries for vaccination programs. The recent progress in immunotherapy, biotechnology, recombinant DNA technology and molecular biology along with alternative and complementary medicinal systems have paved novel ways and valuable opportunities to design and develop effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines, drugs and treatment approach to counter HPV effectively. Exploration and more researches on such advances could result in the gradual reduction in the incidences of HPV cases across the world. The present review presents a current global scenario and futuristic prospects of the advanced prophylactic and therapeutic approaches against HPV along with recent patents coverage of the progress and advances in drugs, vaccines and therapeutic regimens to effectively combat HPV infections and its cancerous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, West Tripura, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Minakshi Prasad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Sameer Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, U P Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Faculty of Medicine SIriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Brand RM, Siegel A, Myerski A, Metter EJ, Engstrom J, Brand RE, Squiquera L, Hodge T, Sulley J, Cranston RD, McGowan I. Ranpirnase Reduces HIV-1 Infection and Associated Inflammatory Changes in a Human Colorectal Explant Model. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2018; 34:838-848. [PMID: 29936861 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ranpirnase (RNP) is a low molecular weight type III endoribonuclease, which demonstrates broad antiviral and antitumor properties. We sought to characterize the antiviral activity of RNP against HIV-1 and to determine whether RNP modulates local inflammatory changes associated with HIV infection in the colorectal explant model. Colorectal explants were incubated for 2 h with HIV-1BaL, in the presence of increasing concentrations of RNP (0-60 μg/mL). After washing, explants were cultured for 14 days, with supernatant collected at days 3, 7, 10, and 14. All samples were assayed for HIV-1 p24. Additionally, 30 soluble inflammatory biomarkers were assayed in the day 3 supernatant sample. Other biopsies were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (10 μg/mL) in the presence of RNP and soluble biomarkers assayed at day 3. RNP inhibited productive infection of the colorectal explants with HIV-1BaL and induced a dose-dependent decrease in 15/30 biomarkers. Affected biomarkers included IP-10, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TARC, IL12-p40, IL-15, IL-17, IL-1α, IL-7, IFNγ, IL12-p70, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, and TNF-β. Similarly, RNP dose-dependent inhibition was demonstrated in 7/30 biomarkers after LPS stimulation, all of which overlapped with HIV-1BaL-induced biomarker changes. The ability of RNP to inhibit both colorectal explant HIV-1BaL infection and inflammatory changes associated with HIV-1 infection makes RPN a promising agent for topical rectal pre-exposure prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda M Brand
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- 2 Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aaron Siegel
- 2 Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashley Myerski
- 2 Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - E Jeffery Metter
- 3 Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jarret Engstrom
- 2 Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Randall E Brand
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Thomas Hodge
- 4 Tamir Biotechnology, Inc., Short Hills, New Jersey
| | - Jamie Sulley
- 4 Tamir Biotechnology, Inc., Short Hills, New Jersey
| | - Ross D Cranston
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian McGowan
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- 2 Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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10
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Koval T, Dohnálek J. Characteristics and application of S1–P1 nucleases in biotechnology and medicine. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:603-612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Morse MA, Balogh KK, Brendle SA, Campbell CA, Chen MX, Furze RC, Harada IL, Holyer ID, Kumar U, Lee K, Prinjha RK, Rüdiger M, Seal JT, Taylor S, Witherington J, Christensen ND. BET bromodomain inhibitors show anti-papillomavirus activity in vitro and block CRPV wart growth in vivo. Antiviral Res 2018; 154:158-165. [PMID: 29653131 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The DNA papillomaviruses infect squamous epithelium and can cause persistent, benign and sometimes malignant hyperproliferative lesions. Effective antiviral drugs to treat human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are lacking and here we investigate the anti-papillomavirus activity of novel epigenetic targeting drugs, BET bromodomain inhibitors. Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal domain (BET) proteins are host proteins which regulate gene transcription, they bind acetylated lysine residues in histones and non-histone proteins via bromodomains, functioning as scaffold proteins in the formation of transcriptional complexes at gene regulatory regions. The BET protein BRD4 has been shown to be involved in the papillomavirus life cycle, as a co-factor for viral E2 and also mediating viral partitioning in some virus types. We set out to study the activity of small molecule BET bromodomain inhibitors in models of papillomavirus infection. Several BET inhibitors reduced HPV11 E1ˆE4 mRNA expression in vitro and topical therapeutic administration of an exemplar compound I-BET762, abrogated CRPV cutaneous wart growth in rabbits, demonstrating translation of anti-viral effects to efficacy in vivo. Additionally I-BET762 markedly reduced viability of HPV16 infected W12 cells compared to non-infected C33A cells. The molecular mechanism for the cytotoxicity to W12 cells is unknown but may be through blocking viral-dependent cell-survival factors. We conclude that these effects, across multiple papillomavirus types and in vivo, highlight the potential to target BET bromodomains to treat HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Morse
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Karla K Balogh
- The Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Foundation, H069, Department of Pathology, C7800, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Sarah A Brendle
- The Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Foundation, H069, Department of Pathology, C7800, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Colin A Campbell
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Mao X Chen
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Rebecca C Furze
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Isobel L Harada
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Ian D Holyer
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Umesh Kumar
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Kevin Lee
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Martin Rüdiger
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Jonathan T Seal
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Simon Taylor
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Jason Witherington
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Neil D Christensen
- The Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Foundation, H069, Department of Pathology, C7800, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
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