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Roux J, Kamgan Nkuekam G, Marincowitz S, van der Merwe NA, Uchida J, Wingfield MJ, Chen S. Cryphonectriaceae associated with rust-infected Syzygium jambos in Hawaii. MycoKeys 2020; 76:49-79. [PMID: 33505197 PMCID: PMC7790811 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.76.58406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Syzygium jambos (Myrtales, Myrtaceae) trees in Hawaii are severely affected by a rust disease caused by Austropuccinia psidii (Pucciniales, Sphaerophragmiaceae), but they are commonly co-infected with species of Cryphonectriaceae (Diaporthales). In this study, S. jambos and other trees in the Myrtales were examined on three Hawaiian Islands for the presence of Cryphonectriaceae. Bark samples with fruiting bodies were collected from infected trees and fungi were isolated directly from these structures. Pure cultures were produced and the fungi were identified using DNA sequence data for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, part of the β-tubulin (BT1) gene and the transcription elongation factor-1α (TEF1) gene. Five species in three genera of Cryphonectriaceae were identified from Myrtaceae tree samples. These included Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis, Microthia havanensis and three previously-unknown taxa described here as Celoporthe hauoliensis sp. nov., Cel. hawaiiensis sp. nov. and Cel. paradisiaca sp. nov. Representative isolates of Cel. hauoliensis, Cel. hawaiiensis, Cel. paradisiaca, Chr. deuterocubensis and Mic. havanensis were used in artificial inoculation studies to consider their pathogenicity on S. jambos. Celoporthe hawaiiensis, Cel. paradisiaca and Chr. deuterocubensis produced lesions on young S. jambos trees in inoculation trials, suggesting that, together with A. psidii, they may contribute to the death of trees. Microsatellite markers were subsequently used to consider the diversity of Chr. deuterocubensis on the Islands and thus to gain insights into its possible origin in Hawaii. Isolates of this important Myrtaceae and particularly Eucalyptus pathogen were found to be clonal. This provides evidence that Chr. deuterocubensis was introduced to the Hawaiian Islands as a single introduction, from a currently unknown source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda Roux
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Gilbert Kamgan Nkuekam
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Seonju Marincowitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, FABI, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluUnited States of America
| | - Nicolaas A. van der Merwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, FABI, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluUnited States of America
| | - Janice Uchida
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, Tropical Plant Pathology Program, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USAUniversity of PretoriaZhanjiangChina
| | - Michael J. Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, FABI, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluUnited States of America
| | - ShuaiFei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, FABI, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluUnited States of America
- China Eucalypt Research Centre (CERC), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), ZhanJiang, 524022, GuangDong Province, ChinaChina Eucalypt Research Centre, Chinese Academy of ForestryZhanJiangChina
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Li Q, Harrington TC, McNew D, Li J. Ceratocystis uchidae, a new species on Araceae in Hawaii and Fiji. MYCOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Aylward J, Dreyer LL, Laas T, Smit L, Roets F. Knoxdaviesia capensis : dispersal ecology and population genetics of a flower-associated fungus. FUNGAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Misse AC, Barnes I, Roets F, Mbenoun M, Wingfield MJ, Roux J. Ecology and population structure of a tree wound-infecting fungus in a native South African forest environment. Fungal Biol 2016; 121:69-81. [PMID: 28007218 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ceratocystis tsitsikammensis was first isolated from bark harvesting wounds on two indigenous tree species in the Afromontane forests of the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Inoculation studies indicated that it is a potential pathogen of native Rapanea melanophloeos trees. In this study, we investigated the distribution, ecology and biology of C. tsitsikammensis in the Garden Route National Park of South Africa. Isolates were obtained from wounds on R. melanophloeos, three non-native hosts as well as from nitidulid and staphylinid beetles visiting wounds on these trees. The genetic diversity and population biology of the fungus was examined using microsatellite markers. Its mating strategy was also determined by amplifying its mating type genes and the fungus was shown to be homothallic. Despite the homothallic nature of the fungus, high levels of random mating and absence of genetic structure was found in the investigated population, suggesting a strong effect of gene flow, probably linked to insect dispersal. The gene diversity of C. tsitsikammensis was similar to that of a related fungus, Ceratocystis albifundus, that is known to be native in Africa. This, together with the fact that C. tsitiskamensis is not known elsewhere, within or outside South Africa, suggests that it is native and endemic to the Cape Afromontane region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain C Misse
- Department of Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Irene Barnes
- Department of Genetics, FABI, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Francois Roets
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, 7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Michael Mbenoun
- Department of Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Jolanda Roux
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, FABI, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa.
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Mbenoun M, Wingfield MJ, Letsoalo T, Bihon W, Wingfield BD, Roux J. Independent origins and incipient speciation among host-associated populations of Thielaviopsis ethacetica in Cameroon. Fungal Biol 2015; 119:957-972. [PMID: 26466872 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Thielaviopsis ethacetica was recently reinstated as a distinct taxon using DNA phylogenies. It is widespread affecting several crop plants of global economic importance. In this study, microsatellite markers were developed and used in conjunction with sequence data to investigate the genetic diversity and structure of Th. ethacetica in Cameroon. A collection of 71 isolates from cacao, oil palm, and pineapple, supplemented with nine isolates from other countries were analysed. Four genetic groups were identified. Two of these were associated with oil palm in Cameroon and showed high genetic diversity, suggesting that they might represent an indigenous population of the pathogen. In contrast, the remaining two groups, associated with cacao and pineapple, had low genetic diversity and, most likely, represent introduced populations. There was no evidence of gene flow between these groups. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the tef1-α as well as the combined flanking regions of six microsatellite loci were consistent with population genetic analyses and suggested that Th. ethacetica is comprised of two divergent genetic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mbenoun
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Private Bag X20 Hatfield, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Private Bag X20 Hatfield, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Teboho Letsoalo
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Private Bag X20 Hatfield, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Wubetu Bihon
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Private Bag X20 Hatfield, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; Agricultural Research Council-Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute (ARC-VOPI), Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Brenda D Wingfield
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Private Bag X20 Hatfield, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Jolanda Roux
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Private Bag X20 Hatfield, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa.
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Oliveira LSS, Harrington TC, Ferreira MA, Damacena MB, Al-Sadi AM, Al-Mahmooli IHS, Alfenas AC. Species or Genotypes? Reassessment of Four Recently Described Species of the Ceratocystis Wilt Pathogen, Ceratocystis fimbriata, on Mangifera indica. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2015; 105:1229-1244. [PMID: 25822187 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-15-0065-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ceratocystis wilt is among the most important diseases on mango (Mangifera indica) in Brazil, Oman, and Pakistan. The causal agent was originally identified in Brazil as Ceratocystis fimbriata, which is considered by some as a complex of many cryptic species, and four new species on mango trees were distinguished from C. fimbriata based on variation in internal transcribed spacer sequences. In the present study, phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequences of mating type genes, TEF-1α, and β-tubulin failed to identify lineages corresponding to the four new species names. Further, mating experiments found that the mango isolates representing the new species were interfertile with each other and a tester strain from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), on which the name C. fimbriata is based, and there was little morphological variation among the mango isolates. Microsatellite markers found substantial differentiation among mango isolates at the regional and population levels, but certain microsatellite genotypes were commonly found in multiple populations, suggesting that these genotypes had been disseminated in infected nursery stock. The most common microsatellite genotypes corresponded to the four recently named species (C. manginecans, C. acaciivora, C. mangicola, and C. mangivora), which are considered synonyms of C. fimbriata. This study points to the potential problems of naming new species based on introduced genotypes of a pathogen, the value of an understanding of natural variation within and among populations, and the importance of phenotype in delimiting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo S S Oliveira
- First, fourth, and seventh authors: Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil; second author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; third author: Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; and fifth and sixth authors: Department of Crop Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, AlKhoud 123, Oman
| | - Thomas C Harrington
- First, fourth, and seventh authors: Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil; second author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; third author: Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; and fifth and sixth authors: Department of Crop Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, AlKhoud 123, Oman
| | - Maria A Ferreira
- First, fourth, and seventh authors: Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil; second author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; third author: Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; and fifth and sixth authors: Department of Crop Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, AlKhoud 123, Oman
| | - Michelle B Damacena
- First, fourth, and seventh authors: Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil; second author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; third author: Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; and fifth and sixth authors: Department of Crop Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, AlKhoud 123, Oman
| | - Abdullah M Al-Sadi
- First, fourth, and seventh authors: Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil; second author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; third author: Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; and fifth and sixth authors: Department of Crop Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, AlKhoud 123, Oman
| | - Issa H S Al-Mahmooli
- First, fourth, and seventh authors: Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil; second author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; third author: Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; and fifth and sixth authors: Department of Crop Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, AlKhoud 123, Oman
| | - Acelino C Alfenas
- First, fourth, and seventh authors: Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil; second author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; third author: Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; and fifth and sixth authors: Department of Crop Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, AlKhoud 123, Oman
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Microsatellite analyses of the Antarctic endemic lichen Buellia frigida Darb. (Physciaceae) suggest limited dispersal and the presence of glacial refugia in the Ross Sea region. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aylward J, Dreyer LL, Steenkamp ET, Wingfield MJ, Roets F. Panmixia defines the genetic diversity of a unique arthropod-dispersed fungus specific to Protea flowers. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:3444-55. [PMID: 25535560 PMCID: PMC4228618 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Knoxdaviesia proteae, a fungus specific to the floral structures of the iconic Cape Floral Kingdom plant, Protea repens, is dispersed by mites phoretic on beetles that pollinate these flowers. Although the vectors of K. proteae have been identified, little is known regarding its patterns of distribution. Seed bearing infructescences of P. repens were sampled from current and previous flowering seasons, from which K. proteae individuals were isolated and cultured. The genotypes of K. proteae isolates were determined using 12 microsatellite markers specific to this species. Genetic diversity indices showed a high level of similarity between K. proteae isolates from the two different infructescence age classes. The heterozygosity of the population was high (0.74 ± 0.04), and exceptional genotypic diversity was encountered (Ĝ = 97.87%). Population differentiation was negligible, owing to the numerous migrants between the infructescence age classes (N m = 47.83) and between P. repens trees (N m = 2.96). Parsimony analysis revealed interconnected genotypes, indicative of recombination and homoplasies, and the index of linkage disequilibrium confirmed that outcrossing is prevalent in K. proteae ([Formula: see text] = 0.0067; P = 0.132). The high diversity and panmixia in this population is likely a result of regular gene flow and an outcrossing reproductive strategy. The lack of genetic cohesion between individuals from a single P. repens tree suggests that K. proteae dispersal does not primarily occur over short distances via mites as hypothesized, but rather that long-distance dispersal by beetles plays an important part in the biology of these intriguing fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Aylward
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa ; Department of Science and Technology (DST)/National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB), University of Pretoria Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Léanne L Dreyer
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa ; Department of Science and Technology (DST)/National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB), University of Pretoria Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Emma T Steenkamp
- Department of Science and Technology (DST)/National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB), University of Pretoria Pretoria, 0002, South Africa ; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Science and Technology (DST)/National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB), University of Pretoria Pretoria, 0002, South Africa ; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Francois Roets
- Department of Science and Technology (DST)/National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB), University of Pretoria Pretoria, 0002, South Africa ; Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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Simpson MC, Wilken PM, Coetzee MPA, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD. Analysis of microsatellite markers in the genome of the plant pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata. Fungal Biol 2013; 117:545-55. [PMID: 23931120 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ceratocystis fimbriata sensu lato represents a complex of cryptic and commonly plant pathogenic species that are morphologically similar. Species in this complex have been described using morphological characteristics, intersterility tests and phylogenetics. Microsatellite markers have been useful to study the population structure and origin of some species in the complex. In this study we sequenced the genome of C. fimbriata. This provided an opportunity to mine the genome for microsatellites, to develop new microsatellite markers, and map previously developed markers onto the genome. Over 6000 microsatellites were identified in the genome and their abundance and distribution was determined. Ceratocystis fimbriata has a medium level of microsatellite density and slightly smaller genome when compared with other fungi for which similar microsatellite analyses have been performed. This is the first report of a microsatellite analysis conducted on a genome sequence of a fungal species in the order Microascales. Forty-seven microsatellite markers have been published for population genetic studies, of which 35 could be mapped onto the C. fimbriata genome sequence. We developed an additional ten microsatellite markers within putative genes to differentiate between species in the C. fimbriata s.l. complex. These markers were used to distinguish between 12 species in the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C Simpson
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute FABI, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa.
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Baskarathevan J, Jaspers MV, Jones EE, Cruickshank RH, Ridgway HJ. Genetic and pathogenic diversity of Neofusicoccum parvum in New Zealand vineyards. Fungal Biol 2011; 116:276-88. [PMID: 22289773 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic diversity of 50 isolates of Neofusicoccum parvum, the predominant species of the Botryosphaeriaceae recovered from grapevines displaying symptoms of dieback and decline in New Zealand, was compared to that of isolates from Australia, South Africa, and California. The eight universally primed polymerase chain reaction (UP-PCR) primers distinguished 56 genotypes, with only four clonal pairs found. Seven main groups were identified in a neighbour-joining (NJ) tree with isolates from different regions and vineyards of New Zealand, Australia, and California distributed in different groups, indicating a high level of intra and intervineyard genetic variation. All of the South African isolates were positioned in a separate UP-PCR group, indicating that these isolates were less related to the other N. parvum isolates. When compared to fungi that reproduce sexually the genetic diversity and Shannon diversity indices were low (0.076-0.249; 0.109-0.367, respectively), genetic identity levels were high (0.76-0.95), and genetic distance levels were low (0.04-0.27). The large number of genotypes and the low number of clones in the New Zealand N. parvum populations may be explained by parasexual recombination as anastomosis was observed between nonself pairings. Pathogenicity tests using isolates from different UP-PCR groups inoculated onto either green shoots or 1-y-old grapevines detected virulence diversity, indicating intra and intervineyard variation between isolates, however, no correlation was detected between UP-PCR group and virulence.
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Kamgan Nkuekam G, Wingfield MJ, Mohammed C, Carnegie AJ, Pegg GS, Roux J. Ceratocystis species, including two new species associated with nitidulid beetles, on eucalypts in Australia. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2011; 101:217-41. [PMID: 21935691 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-011-9625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The genus Ceratocystis includes important fungal pathogens of trees, including Eucalyptus spp. Ironically, very little is known regarding the diversity or biology of Ceratocystis species on Eucalyptus species in Australia, where most of these trees are native. The aim of this study was to survey for Ceratocystis spp., and their possible insect associates, on eucalypts in Australia and thus to establish a foundation of knowledge regarding these fungi on the continent. Collections were made in three states of Australia from wounds on trees, as well as from nitidulid beetles associated with these wounds. Ceratocystis spp. were identified based on morphology and multigene sequence comparisons. Of the 54 isolates obtained, two previously unknown species of Ceratocystis were found and these are described here as Ceratocystis corymbiicola sp. nov. and Ceratocystis tyalla sp. nov. Furthermore, the distribution of Ceratocystis pirilliformis is expanded to include Eucalyptus spp. in Tasmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Kamgan Nkuekam
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20 Hatfield, Pretoria, 0038, Pretoria, South Africa
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