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Fonseka DL, Markell SG, Zaccaron ML, Ebert MK, Pasche JS. Ascochyta blight in North Dakota field pea: the pathogen complex and its fungicide sensitivity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1165269. [PMID: 37600208 PMCID: PMC10434212 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1165269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, Ascochyta blight is caused by a complex of host-specific fungal pathogens, including Ascochyta pisi, Didymella pinodes, and Didymella pinodella. The application of foliar fungicides is often necessary for disease management, but a better understanding of pathogen prevalence, aggressiveness, and fungicide sensitivity is needed to optimize control. Leaf and stem samples were obtained from 56 field pea production fields in 14 counties in North Dakota from 2017 to 2020 and isolates were collected from lesions characteristic of Ascochyta blight. Based on fungal characteristics and sequencing the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region, 73% of isolates were confirmed to be D. pinodes (n = 177) and 27% were A. pisi (n = 65). Across pathogens, aggressiveness was similar among some isolates in greenhouse assays. The in vitro pyraclostrobin sensitivity of all D. pinodes isolates collected from 2017 to 2020 was lower than that of the three baseline isolates. Sensitivity of 91% of A. pisi isolates collected in 2019 and 2020 was lower than the sensitivity of two known sensitive isolates. Resistance factors (Rf) from mean EC50 values of pyraclostrobin baseline/known sensitive isolates to isolates collected from 2017 to 2020 ranged from 2 to 1,429 for D. pinodes and 1 to 209 for A. pisi. In vitro prothioconazole sensitivity of 91% of D. pinodes isolates collected from 2017 to 2020 was lower than the sensitivity of the baseline isolates and 98% of A. pisi isolates collected from 2019 to 2020 was lower than the sensitivity of the known sensitive isolates. Prothioconazole Rf ranged from 1 to 338 for D. pinodes and 1 to 127 for A. pisi. Based on in vitro results, 92% of D. pinodes and 98% of A. pisi isolates collected displayed reduced-sensitivity/resistance to both fungicides when compared to baseline/known sensitive isolates. Disease control under greenhouse conditions of both pathogens provided by both fungicides was significantly lower in isolates determined to be reduced-sensitive or resistant in in vitro assays when compared to sensitive. Results reported here reinforce growers desperate need of alternative fungicides and/or management tools to fight Ascochyta blight in North Dakota and neighboring regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Julie S. Pasche
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
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Annan EN, Nyamesorto B, Yan Q, McPhee K, Huang L. Optimized High Throughput Ascochyta Blight Screening Protocols and Immunity to A. pisi in Pea. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030494. [PMID: 36986416 PMCID: PMC10052128 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascochyta blight (AB) is a destructive disease of the field pea (Pisum sativum L.) caused by necrotrophic fungal pathogens known as the AB-disease complex. To identify resistant individuals to assist AB resistance breeding, low-cost, high throughput, and reliable protocols for AB screening are needed. We tested and optimized three protocols to determine the optimum type of pathogen inoculum, the optimal development stage for host inoculation, and the timing of inoculation for detached-leaf assays. We found that different plant development stages do not affect AB infection type on peas, but the timing of inoculation affects the infection type of detached leaves due to wound-induced host defense response. After screening nine pea cultivars, we discovered that cultivar Fallon was immune to A. pisi but not to A. pinodes or the mixture of the two species. Our findings suggest that AB screening can be done with any of the three protocols. A whole-plant inoculation assay is necessary for identifying resistance to stem/node infection. Pathogen inoculation must be completed within 1.5 h post-detachment to avoid false positives of resistance for detach-leaf assays. It is essential to use a purified single-species inoculum for resistant resource screenings to identify the host resistance to each single species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel N Annan
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150, USA
| | - Bernard Nyamesorto
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150, USA
| | - Qing Yan
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150, USA
| | - Kevin McPhee
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150, USA
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150, USA
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Dutt A, Anthony R, Andrivon D, Jumel S, Le Roy G, Baranger A, Leclerc M, Le May C. Competition and facilitation among fungal plant parasites affect their life‐history traits. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Dutt
- INRAE UMR 1349 Inst. de Génétique Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Domaine de la Motte Le Rheu France
- Inst. Agro, centre de Rennes Rennes France
| | - Rault Anthony
- INRAE UMR 1349 Inst. de Génétique Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Domaine de la Motte Le Rheu France
| | - Didier Andrivon
- INRAE UMR 1349 Inst. de Génétique Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Domaine de la Motte Le Rheu France
| | - Stéphane Jumel
- INRAE UMR 1349 Inst. de Génétique Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Domaine de la Motte Le Rheu France
- UMT PISOM INRA/Terres Inovia Le Rheu France
| | - Gwenola Le Roy
- INRAE UMR 1349 Inst. de Génétique Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Domaine de la Motte Le Rheu France
- UMT PISOM INRA/Terres Inovia Le Rheu France
| | - Alain Baranger
- INRAE UMR 1349 Inst. de Génétique Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Domaine de la Motte Le Rheu France
- UMT PISOM INRA/Terres Inovia Le Rheu France
| | - Melen Leclerc
- INRAE UMR 1349 Inst. de Génétique Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Domaine de la Motte Le Rheu France
| | - Christophe Le May
- INRAE UMR 1349 Inst. de Génétique Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Domaine de la Motte Le Rheu France
- UMT PISOM INRA/Terres Inovia Le Rheu France
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Barbetti MJ, Khan TN, Pritchard I, Lamichhane JR, Aubertot JN, Corrales DC, You MP. Challenges With Managing Disease Complexes During Application of Different Measures Against Foliar Diseases of Field Pea. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:616-627. [PMID: 32830592 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-20-1470-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies were undertaken across five field locations in Western Australia to determine the relative changes in disease severity and subsequent field pea yield from up to four foliar pathogens associated with a field pea foliar disease complex (viz. genera Didymella, Phoma, Peronospora, and Septoria) across four different pea varieties sown at three different times and at three different densities. Delaying sowing of field pea significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the severity of Ascochyta blight (all five locations) and Septoria blight (one location), increased the severity of downy mildew (four locations), but had no effect on seed yield. In relation to Ascochyta blight severity at 80 days after sowing, at all locations the early time of sowing had significantly (P < 0.05) more severe Ascochyta blight than the mid and late times of sowing. Increasing actual plant density from 20 to 25 plants m-2 to 58 to 78 plants m-2 significantly (P < 0.05) increased the severity of the Ascochyta blight (four locations) and downy mildew (one location), and it increased seed yield at four locations irrespective of sowing date and three locations irrespective of variety. Compared with varieties Dundale, Wirrega, and Pennant, variety Alma showed significantly (P < 0.05) less severe Ascochyta blight, downy mildew, and Septoria blight (one location each). Grain yield was highest for the early time of sowing at three locations. Varieties Alma, Dundale, and Wirrega significantly (P < 0.05) outyielded Pennant at four locations. The percentage of isolations of individual Ascochyta blight pathogens at 80 days after the first time of sowing varied greatly, with genus Didymella ranging from 25 to 93% and genus Phoma ranging from 6 to 23% across the five field locations. This fluctuating nature of individual pathogen types and proportions within the Ascochyta blight complex, along with variation in the occurrence of pathogens Peronospora and Septoria, highlights the challenges to understand and manage the complexities of co-occurring different foliar pathogens of field pea. While the search for more effective host resistance continues, there is a need for and opportunities from further exploring and exploiting cultural management approaches focusing on crop sequence diversification, intercropping, manipulating time of sowing and stand density, and application of improved seed sanitation and residue/inoculum management practices. We discuss the constraints and opportunities toward overcoming the challenges associated with managing foliar disease complexes in field pea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Barbetti
- School of Agriculture and Environment and the UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Tanveer N Khan
- School of Agriculture and Environment and the UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ian Pritchard
- Department of Primary Industry and Regional Development, Northam, Western Australia 6401, Australia
| | - Jay Ram Lamichhane
- INRAE, Université Fédérale de Toulouse, UMR AGIR, CS52627, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Noël Aubertot
- INRAE, Université Fédérale de Toulouse, UMR AGIR, CS52627, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - David Camilo Corrales
- INRAE, Université Fédérale de Toulouse, UMR AGIR, CS52627, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Ming Pei You
- School of Agriculture and Environment and the UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Ranjbar Sistani N, Desalegn G, Kaul HP, Wienkoop S. Seed Metabolism and Pathogen Resistance Enhancement in Pisum sativum During Colonization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: An Integrative Metabolomics-Proteomics Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:872. [PMID: 32612631 PMCID: PMC7309134 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pulses are one of the most important categories of food plants, and Pea (Pisum sativum L.) as a member of pulses is considered a key crop for food and feed and sustainable agriculture. Integrative multi-omics and microsymbiont impact studies on the plant's immune system are important steps toward more productive and tolerant food plants and thus will help to find solutions against food poverty. Didymella pinodes is a main fungal pathogen of pea plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) promote plant growth and alleviate various stresses. However, it remained unclear as to how the AMF effect on seed metabolism and how this influences resistance against the pathogen. This study assesses the AMF impacts on yield components and seed quality upon D. pinodes infection on two different P. sativum cultivars, susceptible versus tolerant, grown in pots through phenotypic and seed molecular analyses. We found that AMF symbiosis affects the majority of all tested yield components as well as a reduction of disease severity in both cultivars. Seeds of mycorrhizal pea plants showed strong responses of secondary metabolites with nutritional, medicinal, and pharmaceutical attributes, also involved in pathogen response. This is further supported by proteomic data, functionally determining those primary and secondary metabolic pathways, involved in pathogen response and induced upon AMF-colonization. The data also revealed cultivar specific effects of AMF symbiosis that increase understanding of genotype related differences. Additionally, a suite of proteins and secondary metabolites are presented, induced in seeds of P. sativum upon AMF-colonization and pathogen attack, and possibly involved in induced systemic resistance against D. pinodes, useful for modern breeding strategies implementing microsymbionts toward increased pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Ranjbar Sistani
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Getinet Desalegn
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Kaul
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Ranjbar Sistani N, Kaul HP, Desalegn G, Wienkoop S. Rhizobium Impacts on Seed Productivity, Quality, and Protection of Pisum sativum upon Disease Stress Caused by Didymella pinodes: Phenotypic, Proteomic, and Metabolomic Traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1961. [PMID: 29204150 PMCID: PMC5699443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In field peas, ascochyta blight is one of the most common fungal diseases caused by Didymella pinodes. Despite the high diversity of pea cultivars, only little resistance has been developed until to date, still leading to significant losses in grain yield. Rhizobia as plant growth promoting endosymbionts are the main partners for establishment of symbiosis with pea plants. The key role of Rhizobium as an effective nitrogen source for legumes seed quality and quantity improvement is in line with sustainable agriculture and food security programs. Besides these growth promoting effects, Rhizobium symbiosis has been shown to have a priming impact on the plants immune system that enhances resistance against environmental perturbations. This is the first integrative study that investigates the effect of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae (Rlv) on phenotypic seed quality, quantity and fungal disease in pot grown pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars with two different resistance levels against D. pinodes through metabolomics and proteomics analyses. In addition, the pathogen effects on seed quantity components and quality are assessed at morphological and molecular level. Rhizobium inoculation decreased disease severity by significant reduction of seed infection level. Rhizobium symbiont enhanced yield through increased seed fresh and dry weights based on better seed filling. Rhizobium inoculation also induced changes in seed proteome and metabolome involved in enhanced P. sativum resistance level against D. pinodes. Besides increased redox and cell wall adjustments light is shed on the role of late embryogenesis abundant proteins and metabolites such as the seed triterpenoid Soyasapogenol. The results of this study open new insights into the significance of symbiotic Rhizobium interactions for crop yield, health and seed quality enhancement and reveal new metabolite candidates involved in pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Ranjbar Sistani
- Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Kaul
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Getinet Desalegn
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Characterization of a novel, ubiquitous fungal endophyte from the rhizosphere and root endosphere of Populus trees. FUNGAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Timmerman-Vaughan GM, Moya L, Frew TJ, Murray SR, Crowhurst R. Ascochyta blight disease of pea (Pisum sativum L.): defence-related candidate genes associated with QTL regions and identification of epistatic QTL. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2016; 129:879-96. [PMID: 26801334 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-016-2669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Advances have been made in our understanding of Ascochyta blight resistance genetics through mapping candidate genes associated with QTL regions and demonstrating the importance of epistatic interactions in determining resistance. Ascochyta blight disease of pea (Pisum sativum L.) is economically significant with worldwide distribution. The causal pathogens are Didymella pinodes, Phoma medicaginis var pinodella and, in South Australia, P. koolunga. This study aimed to identify candidate genes that map to quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Ascochyta blight field disease resistance and to explore the role of epistatic interactions. Candidate genes associated with QTL were identified beginning with 101 defence-related genes from the published literature. Synteny between pea and Medicago truncatula was used to narrow down the candidates for mapping. Fourteen pea candidate sequences were mapped in two QTL mapping populations, A26 × Rovar and A88 × Rovar. QTL peaks, or the intervals containing QTL peaks, for the Asc2.1, Asc4.2, Asc4.3 and Asc7.1 QTL were defined by four of these candidate genes, while another three candidate genes occurred within 1.0 LOD confidence intervals. Epistasis involving QTL × background marker and background marker × background marker interactions contributed to the disease response phenotypes observed in the two mapping populations. For each population, five pairwise interactions exceeded the 5% false discovery rate threshold. Two candidate genes were involved in significant pairwise interactions. Markers in three genomic regions were involved in two or more epistatic interactions. Therefore, this study has identified pea defence-related sequences that are candidates for resistance determination, and that may be useful for marker-assisted selection. The demonstration of epistasis informs breeders that the architecture of this complex quantitative resistance includes epistatic interactions with non-additive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail M Timmerman-Vaughan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, PO Box 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Leire Moya
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, PO Box 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tonya J Frew
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, PO Box 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sarah R Murray
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, PO Box 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ross Crowhurst
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, 120 Mt Albert Rd., Auckland, New Zealand
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