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Joseph R, Bansal K, Keyhani NO. Host switching by an ambrosia beetle fungal mutualist: Mycangial colonization of indigenous beetles by the invasive laurel wilt fungal pathogen. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:1894-1908. [PMID: 37190943 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ambrosia beetles require their fungal symbiotic partner as their cultivated (farmed) food source in tree galleries. While most fungal-beetle partners do not kill the host trees they inhabit, since their introduction (invasion) into the United states around ~2002, the invasive beetle Xyleborus glabratus has vectored its mutualist partner (but plant pathogenic) fungus, Harringtonia lauricola, resulting in the deaths of over 300 million trees. Concerningly, indigenous beetles have been caught bearing H. lauricola. Here, we show colonization of the mycangia of the indigenous X. affinis ambrosia beetle by H. lauricola. Mycangial colonization occurred within 1 h of feeding, with similar levels seen for H. lauricola as found for the native X. affinis-R. arxii fungal partner. Fungal mycangial occupancy was stable over time and after removal of the fungal source, but showed rapid turnover when additional fungal cells were available. Microscopic visualization revealed two pre-oral mycangial pouches of ~100-200 × 25-50 μm/each, with narrow entry channels of 25-50 × 3-10 μm. Fungi within the mycangia underwent a dimorphic transition from filamentous/blastospore growth to yeast-like budding with alterations to membrane structures. These data identify the characteristics of ambrosia beetle mycangial colonization, implicating turnover as a mechanism for host switching of H. lauricola to other ambrosia beetle species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Joseph
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kamaldeep Bansal
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nemat O Keyhani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Menocal O, Cruz LF, Kendra PE, Berto M, Carrillo D. Flexibility in the ambrosia symbiosis of Xyleborus bispinatus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1110474. [PMID: 36937297 PMCID: PMC10018145 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1110474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ambrosia beetles maintain strict associations with specific lineages of fungi. However, anthropogenic introductions of ambrosia beetles into new ecosystems can result in the lateral transfer of their symbionts to other ambrosia beetles. The ability of a Florida endemic ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus bispinatus, to feed and establish persistent associations with two of its known symbionts (Raffaelea subfusca and Raffaelea arxii) and two other fungi (Harringtonia lauricola and Fusarium sp. nov.), which are primary symbionts of invasive ambrosia beetles, was investigated. Methods The stability of these mutualisms and their effect on the beetle's fitness were monitored over five consecutive generations. Surface-disinfested pupae with non-developed mycangia were reared separately on one of the four fungal symbionts. Non-treated beetles (i.e., lab colony) with previously colonized mycangia were used as a control group. Results Xyleborus bispinatus could exchange its fungal symbionts, survive, and reproduce on different fungal diets, including known fungal associates and phylogenetically distant fungi, which are plant pathogens and primary symbionts of other invasive ambrosia beetles. These changes in fungal diets resulted in persistent mutualisms, and some symbionts even increased the beetle's reproduction. Females that developed on Fusarium sp. nov. had a significantly greater number of female offspring than non-treated beetles. Females that fed solely on Harringtonia or Raffaelea symbionts produced fewer female offspring. Discussion Even though some ambrosia beetles like X. bispinatus can partner with different ambrosia fungi, their symbiosis under natural conditions is modulated by their mycangium and possibly other environmental factors. However, exposure to symbionts of invasive beetles can result in stable partnerships with these fungi and affect the population dynamics of ambrosia beetles and their symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Menocal
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Octavio Menocal,
| | - Luisa F. Cruz
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, United States
| | - Paul E. Kendra
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Marielle Berto
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Carrillo
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, United States
- Daniel Carrillo,
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Cruz LF, Menocal O, Kendra PE, Carrillo D. Phoretic and internal transport of Raffaelea lauricola by different species of ambrosia beetle associated with avocado trees. Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Nel WJ, Wingfield MJ, de Beer ZW, Duong TA. Ophiostomatalean fungi associated with wood boring beetles in South Africa including two new species. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:667-686. [PMID: 33677752 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ambrosia beetles are small wood inhabiting members of the Curculionidae that have evolved obligate symbioses with fungi. The fungal symbionts concentrate nutrients from within infested trees into a usable form for their beetle partners, which then utilize the fungi as their primary source of nutrition. Ambrosia beetle species associate with one or more primary symbiotic fungal species, but they also vector auxiliary symbionts, which may provide the beetle with developmental or ecological advantages. In this study we isolated and identified ophiostomatalean fungi associated with ambrosia beetles occurring in a native forest area in South Africa. Using a modified Bambara beetle trap, living ambrosia beetle specimens were collected and their fungal symbionts isolated. Four beetle species, three Scolytinae and one Bostrichidae, were collected. Five species of ophiostomatalean fungi were isolated from the beetles and were identified using both morphological characters and DNA sequence data. One of these species, Raffaelea sulphurea, was recorded from South Africa for the first time and two novel species were described as Ceratocystiopsis lunata sp. nov. and Raffaelea promiscua sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma J Nel
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Z Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tuan A Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Laurel Wilt: Current and Potential Impacts and Possibilities for Prevention and Management. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, outbreaks of nonnative invasive insects and pathogens have caused significant levels of tree mortality and disturbance in various forest ecosystems throughout the United States. Laurel wilt, caused by the pathogen Raffaelea lauricola (T.C. Harr., Fraedrich and Aghayeva) and the primary vector, the redbay ambrosia beetle (Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff), is a nonnative pest-disease complex first reported in the southeastern United States in 2002. Since then, it has spread across eleven southeastern states to date, killing hundreds of millions of trees in the plant family Lauraceae. Here, we examine the impacts of laurel wilt on selected vulnerable Lauraceae in the United States and discuss management methods for limiting geographic expansion and reducing impact. Although about 13 species belonging to the Lauraceae are indigenous to the United States, the highly susceptible members of the family to laurel wilt are the large tree species including redbay (Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng) and sassafras (Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees), with a significant economic impact on the commercial production of avocado (Persea americana Mill.), an important species native to Central America grown in the United States. Preventing new introductions and mitigating the impact of previously introduced nonnative species are critically important to decelerate losses of forest habitat, genetic diversity, and overall ecosystem value.
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Rassati D, Marini L, Malacrinò A. Acquisition of fungi from the environment modifies ambrosia beetle mycobiome during invasion. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8103. [PMID: 31763076 PMCID: PMC6870512 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial symbionts can play critical roles when their host attempts to colonize a new habitat. The lack of symbiont adaptation can in fact hinder the invasion process of their host. This scenario could change if the exotic species are able to acquire microorganisms from the invaded environment. Understanding the ecological factors that influence the take-up of new microorganisms is thus essential to clarify the mechanisms behind biological invasions. In this study, we tested whether different forest habitats influence the structure of the fungal communities associated with ambrosia beetles. We collected individuals of the most widespread exotic (Xylosandrus germanus) and native (Xyleborinus saxesenii) ambrosia beetle species in Europe in several old-growth and restored forests. We characterized the fungal communities associated with both species via metabarcoding. We showed that forest habitat shaped the community of fungi associated with both species, but the effect was stronger for the exotic X. germanus. Our results support the hypothesis that the direct contact with the mycobiome of the invaded environment might lead an exotic species to acquire native fungi. This process is likely favored by the occurrence of a bottleneck effect at the mycobiome level and/or the disruption of the mechanisms sustaining co-evolved insect-fungi symbiosis. Our study contributes to the understanding of the factors affecting insect-microbes interactions, helping to clarify the mechanisms behind biological invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Rassati
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonino Malacrinò
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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Skelton J, Johnson AJ, Jusino MA, Bateman CC, Li Y, Hulcr J. A selective fungal transport organ (mycangium) maintains coarse phylogenetic congruence between fungus-farming ambrosia beetles and their symbionts. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20182127. [PMID: 30963860 PMCID: PMC6367168 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousands of species of ambrosia beetles excavate tunnels in wood to farm fungi. They maintain associations with particular lineages of fungi, but the phylogenetic extent and mechanisms of fidelity are unknown. We test the hypothesis that selectivity of their mycangium enforces fidelity at coarse phylogenetic scales, while permitting promiscuity among closely related fungal mutualists. We confirm a single evolutionary origin of the Xylosandrus complex-a group of several xyleborine genera that farm fungi in the genus Ambrosiella. Multi-level co-phylogenetic analysis revealed frequent symbiont switching within major Ambrosiella clades, but not between clades. The loss of the mycangium in Diuncus, a genus of evolutionary cheaters, was commensurate with the loss of fidelity to fungal clades, supporting the hypothesis that the mycangium reinforces fidelity. Finally, in vivo experiments tracked symbiotic compatibility throughout the symbiotic life cycle of Xylosandrus compactus and demonstrated that closely related Ambrosiella symbionts are interchangeable, but the probability of fungal uptake in the mycangium was significantly lower in more phylogenetically distant species of symbionts. Symbiont loads in experimental subjects were similar to wild-caught beetles. We conclude that partner choice in ambrosia beetles is achieved in the mycangium, and co-phylogenetic inferences can be used to predict the likelihood of specific symbiont switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Skelton
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Andrew J. Johnson
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Michelle A. Jusino
- Center for Forest Mycology Research, United States Forest Service, Northern Research Station, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Craig C. Bateman
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - You Li
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Jiri Hulcr
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Ibarra-Juarez LA, Desgarennes D, Vázquez-Rosas-Landa M, Villafan E, Alonso-Sánchez A, Ferrera-Rodríguez O, Moya A, Carrillo D, Cruz L, Carrión G, López-Buenfil A, García-Avila C, Ibarra-Laclette E, Lamelas A. Impact of Rearing Conditions on the Ambrosia Beetle's Microbiome. Life (Basel) 2018; 8:E63. [PMID: 30551580 PMCID: PMC6316638 DOI: 10.3390/life8040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambrosia beetles, along with termites and leafcutter ants, are the only fungus-farming lineages within the tree of life. Bacteria harbored by ambrosia beetles may play an essential role in the nutritional symbiotic interactions with their associated fungi; however, little is known about the impact of rearing conditions on the microbiota of ambrosia beetles. We have used culture-independent methods to explore the effect of rearing conditions on the microbiome associated with Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus bispinatus, and Xyleborus volvulus, evaluating different media in laboratory-controlled conditions and comparing wild and laboratory conditions. Our results revealed that rearing conditions affected the fungal and bacterial microbiome structure and had a strong influence on bacterial metabolic capacities. We propose that the rearing conditions influence the ambrosia-associated fungal and bacterial communities. Furthermore, bacterial microbiome flexibility may help beetles adapt to different substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Arturo Ibarra-Juarez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico.
- Cátedras CONACyT. Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico.
| | - Damaris Desgarennes
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico.
| | | | - Emanuel Villafan
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Andrés Moya
- Joint Unit of Research in Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Institute for Integrative System Biology, University of Valencia-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Daniel Carrillo
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA.
| | - Luisa Cruz
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA.
| | - Gloria Carrión
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico.
| | - Abel López-Buenfil
- Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria, Unidad Integral de Diagnóstico, Servicios y Constatación, Tecámac, Estado de Mexico 55740, Mexico.
| | - Clemente García-Avila
- Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria, Unidad Integral de Diagnóstico, Servicios y Constatación, Tecámac, Estado de Mexico 55740, Mexico.
| | - Enrique Ibarra-Laclette
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico.
| | - Araceli Lamelas
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico.
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Saucedo-Carabez JR, Ploetz RC, Konkol JL, Carrillo D, Gazis R. Partnerships Between Ambrosia Beetles and Fungi: Lineage-Specific Promiscuity Among Vectors of the Laurel Wilt Pathogen, Raffaelea lauricola. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 76:925-940. [PMID: 29675704 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional mutualisms that ambrosia beetles have with fungi are poorly understood. Although these interactions were initially thought to be specific associations with a primary symbiont, there is increasing evidence that some of these fungi are associated with, and move among, multiple beetle partners. We examined culturable fungi recovered from mycangia of ambrosia beetles associated with trees of Persea humilis (silk bay, one site) and P. americana (avocado, six commercial orchards) that were affected by laurel wilt, an invasive disease caused by a symbiont, Raffaelea lauricola, of an Asian ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus. Fungi were isolated from 20 adult females of X. glabratus from silk bay and 70 each of Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus bispinatus, Xyleborus volvulus, Xyleborinus saxesenii, and Xylosandrus crassiusculus from avocado. With partial sequences of ribosomal (LSU and SSU) and nuclear (β-tubulin) genes, one to several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of fungi were identified in assayed individuals. Distinct populations of fungi were recovered from each of the examined beetle species. Raffaelea lauricola was present in all beetles except X. saxesenii and X. crassiusculus, and Raffaelea spp. predominated in Xyleborus spp. Raffaelea arxii, R. subalba, and R. subfusca were present in more than a single species of Xyleborus, and R. arxii was the most abundant symbiont in both X. affinis and X. volvulus. Raffaelea aguacate was detected for the first time in an ambrosia beetle (X. bispinatus). Yeasts (Ascomycota, Saccharomycotina) were found consistently in the mycangia of the examined beetles, and distinct, putatively co-adapted populations of these fungi were associated with each beetle species. Greater understandings are needed for how mycangia in ambrosia beetles interact with fungi, including yeasts which play currently underresearched roles in these insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Saucedo-Carabez
- Tropical Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031-3314, USA
| | - Randy C Ploetz
- Tropical Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031-3314, USA.
| | - J L Konkol
- Tropical Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031-3314, USA
| | - D Carrillo
- Tropical Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031-3314, USA
| | - R Gazis
- Tropical Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031-3314, USA
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Skelton J, Jusino MA, Li Y, Bateman C, Thai PH, Wu C, Lindner DL, Hulcr J. Detecting Symbioses in Complex Communities: the Fungal Symbionts of Bark and Ambrosia Beetles Within Asian Pines. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 76:839-850. [PMID: 29476344 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Separating symbioses from incidental associations is a major obstacle in symbiosis research. In this survey of fungi associated with Asian bark and ambrosia beetles, we used quantitative culture and DNA barcode identification to characterize fungal communities associated with co-infesting beetle species in pines (Pinus) of China and Vietnam. To quantitatively discern likely symbioses from coincidental associations, we used multivariate analysis and multilevel pattern analysis (a type of indicator species analysis). Nearly half of the variation in fungal community composition in beetle galleries and on beetle bodies was explained by beetle species. We inferred a spectrum of ecological strategies among beetle-associated fungi: from generalist multispecies associates to highly specialized single-host symbionts that were consistently dominant within the mycangia of their hosts. Statistically significant fungal associates of ambrosia beetles were typically only found with one beetle species. In contrast, bark beetle-associated fungi were often associated with multiple beetle species. Ambrosia beetles and their galleries were frequently colonized by low-prevalence ambrosia fungi, suggesting that facultative ambrosial associations are commonplace, and ecological mechanisms such as specialization and competition may be important in these dynamic associations. The approach used here could effectively delimit symbiotic interactions in any system where symbioses are obscured by frequent incidental associations. It has multiple advantages including (1) powerful statistical tests for non-random associations among potential symbionts, (2) simultaneous evaluation of multiple co-occurring host and symbiont associations, and (3) identifying symbionts that are significantly associated with multiple host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Skelton
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Michelle A Jusino
- United States Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Center for Forest Mycology Research, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - You Li
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Craig Bateman
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pham Hong Thai
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chengxu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of State Forest Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel L Lindner
- United States Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Center for Forest Mycology Research, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Jiri Hulcr
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA.
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Nutritional symbionts of a putative vector, Xyleborus bispinatus, of the laurel wilt pathogen of avocado, Raffaelea lauricola. Symbiosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-017-0514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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12
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No rest for the laurels: symbiotic invaders cause unprecedented damage to southern USA forests. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Wuest CE, Harrington TC, Fraedrich SW, Yun HY, Lu SS. Genetic Variation in Native Populations of the Laurel Wilt Pathogen, Raffaelea lauricola, in Taiwan and Japan and the Introduced Population in the United States. PLANT DISEASE 2017; 101:619-628. [PMID: 30677356 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-16-1517-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Laurel wilt is a vascular wilt disease caused by Raffaelea lauricola, a mycangial symbiont of an ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus. The fungus and vector are native to Asia but were apparently introduced to the Savannah, GA, area 15 or more years ago. Laurel wilt has caused widespread mortality on redbay (Persea borbonia) and other members of the Lauraceae in the southeastern United States, and the pathogen and vector have spread as far as Texas. Although believed to be a single introduction, there has been no extensive study on genetic variation of R. lauricola populations that would suggest a genetic bottleneck in the United States. Ten isolates of R. lauricola from Japan, 55 from Taiwan, and 125 from the United States were analyzed with microsatellite and 28S rDNA markers, and with primers developed for two mating-type genes. The new primers identified isolates as either MAT1 or MAT2 mating types in roughly equal proportions in Taiwan and Japan, where there was also high genetic diversity within populations based on all the markers, suggesting that these populations may have cryptic sex. Aside from a local population near Savannah and a single isolate in Alabama that had unique microsatellite alleles, the U.S. population was genetically uniform and included only the MAT2 mating type, supporting the single introduction hypothesis. This study suggests the importance of preventing a second introduction of R. lauricola to the United States, which could introduce the opposite mating type and allow for genetic recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Wuest
- Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | | | | | - Hye-Young Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea 08826
| | - Sheng-Shan Lu
- Division of Forest Protection, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei 10066, Taiwan
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14
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Laurel Wilt in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems: Understanding the Drivers and Scales of Complex Pathosystems. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Simmons DR, de Beer ZW, Huang YT, Bateman C, Campbell AS, Dreaden TJ, Li Y, Ploetz RC, Black A, Li HF, Chen CY, Wingfield MJ, Hulcr J. New Raffaelea species ( Ophiostomatales) from the USA and Taiwan associated with ambrosia beetles and plant hosts. IMA Fungus 2016; 7:265-273. [PMID: 27990333 PMCID: PMC5159597 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.02.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Raffaelea (Ophiostomatales) is a genus of more than 20 ophiostomatoid fungi commonly occurring in symbioses with wood-boring ambrosia beetles. We examined ambrosia beetles and plant hosts in the USA and Taiwan for the presence of these mycosymbionts and found 22 isolates representing known and undescribed lineages in Raffaelea. From 28S rDNA and β-tubulin sequences, we generated a molecular phylogeny of Ophiostomatales and observed morphological features of seven cultures representing undescribed lineages in Raffaelea s. lat. From these analyses, we describe five new species in Raffaelea s. lat.: R. aguacate, R. campbellii, R. crossotarsa, R. cyclorhipidia, and R. xyleborina spp. nov. Our analyses also identified two plant-pathogenic species of Raffaelea associated with previously undocumented beetle hosts: (1) R. quercivora, the causative agent of Japanese oak wilt, from Cyclorhipidion ohnoi and Crossotarsus emancipatus in Taiwan, and (2) R. lauricola, the pathogen responsible for laurel wilt, from Ambrosiodmus lecontei in Florida. The results of this study show that Raffaelea and associated ophiostomatoid fungi have been poorly sampled and that future investigations on ambrosia beetle mycosymbionts should reveal a substantially increased diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Rabern Simmons
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Z. Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Yin-Tse Huang
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Craig Bateman
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alina S. Campbell
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Tyler J. Dreaden
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Forest Health Research and Education Center, Southern Research Station, USDA-Forest Service, Lexington, KY 40517, USA
| | - You Li
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Randy C. Ploetz
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Adam Black
- Peckerwood Garden Conservation Foundation, Hempstead, TX 77445, USA
| | - Hou-Feng Li
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40027, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40027, Taiwan
| | - Michael J. Wingfield
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Jiri Hulcr
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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