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Yang C, Zhou Q, Shen Y, Liu L, Cao Y, Tian H, Cao S, Liu C. The co-dispersal strategy of Endocarpon (Verrucariaceae) shapes an unusual lichen population structure. MYCOSCIENCE 2024; 65:138-150. [PMID: 39233758 PMCID: PMC11369309 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The reproduction and dispersal strategies of lichens play a major role in shaping their population structure and photobiont diversity. Sexual reproduction, which is common, leads to high lichen genetic diversity and low photobiont selectivity. However, the lichen genus Endocarpon adopts a special co-dispersal model in which algal cells from the photobiont and ascospores from the mycobiont are released together into the environment. To explore the dispersal strategy impact on population structures, a total of 62 Endocarpon individuals and 12 related Verrucariaceae genera individuals, representing co-dispersal strategy and conventional independent dispersal mode were studied. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Endocarpon, with a large-scale geographical distribution, showed an extremely high specificity of symbiotic associations with their photobiont. Furthermore, three types of group I intron at 1769 site have been found in most Endocarpon mycobionts, which showed a high variety of group I intron in the same insertion site even in the same species collected from one location. This study suggested that the ascospore-alga co-dispersal mode of Endocarpon resulted in this unusual mycobiont-photobiont relationship; also provided an evidence for the horizontal transfer of group I intron that may suggest the origin of the complexity and diversity of lichen symbiotic associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChunYan Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | | | - Yue Shen
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, State Ocean Administration, Polar Research Institute of China
| | - LuShan Liu
- Emergency Department of China Rehabilitation Research Center, Capital medical University
| | - YunShu Cao
- Inner Mongolia Vocational and Technical College of Communications
| | - HuiMin Tian
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Chifeng University
| | - ShuNan Cao
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, State Ocean Administration, Polar Research Institute of China
| | - ChuanPeng Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology
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Farkas E, Biró B, Varga N, Sinigla M, Lőkös L. Analysis of Lichen Secondary Chemistry Doubled the Number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. Species (Parmeliaceae, Lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary. CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOL 2021. [DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2021v42a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edit Farkas
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, H-2163 Vácrátót, Alkotmány u. 2-4 (Hungary)
| | - Bernadett Biró
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, H-2163 Vácrátót, Alkotmány u. 2-4 (Hungary)
| | - Nóra Varga
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, H-2163 Vácrátót, Alkotmány u. 2-4 (Hungary)
| | - Mónika Sinigla
- Bakony Museum of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, H-8420 Zirc, Rákóczi tér 3-5 (Hungary)
| | - László Lőkös
- Department of Botany, Hungarian Natural History Museum, H-1431 Budapest, Pf. 137 (Hungary)
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Szczepańska K, Urbaniak J, Śliwa L. Taxonomic recognition of some species-level lineages circumscribed in nominal Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans s. lat. (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota). PeerJ 2020; 8:e9555. [PMID: 32832264 PMCID: PMC7409781 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans (Nyl.) R. Sant., a saxicolous, placodioid lichen, is considered to have a worldwide distribution in warm-temperate to boreal-arctic areas in Asia, Europe and North America. However, recent studies have revealed that this species includes five unrecognized species-level lineages—‘subd A, B, C, D and E’. During research focused on the diversity of saxicolous lichens in mountainous areas of southern Poland, some interesting representatives of the genus Rhizoplaca were found. The main aim of our study was to determine the taxonomic status of the collected specimens by means of molecular tools and a comparative analysis of similar herbarium materials. Methods Detailed morphological, anatomical and chemical examinations of reference material from Asia, Europe and North and South America focused primarily on a selected group of lecanoroid taxa with a placodioid thallus. In addition, 21 new generated sequences representing Lecanora pseudomellea, Protoparmeliopsis muralis, Rhizoplaca opiniconensis, R. subdiscrepans s. lat. and R. phaedrophthalma were selected for molecular study using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS rDNA), together with 95 available GenBank sequences mainly from the genus Rhizoplaca. Results Polish specimens that clustered with members of a potential species-level lineage ‘subd E’ of Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans complex were recovered. Comprehensive analyses of the lichen group led us to the conclusion that lineage ‘subd E’ represents R. subdiscrepans s. str. and that the taxon appears to have a limited geographical distribution and specific habitat preferences. Furthermore, some of the recently defined species candidates within R. subdiscrepans s. lat.—‘subd D’ and ‘subd A’—should be assigned to two previously known species of Rhizoplaca, namely R. opiniconensis (Brodo) Leavitt, Zhao Xin & Lumbsch and R. phaedrophthalma (Poelt) Leavitt, Zhao Xin & Lumbsch, respectively. These two species are characterized by phenotypic features observed as well in analyzed specimens representing lineages ’subd D’ and ’subd A’. Moreover, the representatives of these lineages demonstrate some differences in occupied habitat and geographical range that also correspond with the indicated species. Additionally, it was found that Lecanora pseudomellea B.D. Ryan is a strongly supported monophyletic lineage within Rhizoplaca, and therefore an appropriate new combination for the species is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szczepańska
- Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jacek Urbaniak
- Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Lucyna Śliwa
- Department of Lichenology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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Degtjarenko P, Jüriado I, Mandel T, Tõrra T, Saag A, Scheidegger C, Randlane T. Microsatellite based genetic diversity of the widespread epiphytic lichen Usnea subfloridana (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) in Estonia: comparison of populations from the mainland and an island. MycoKeys 2019; 58:27-45. [PMID: 31534414 PMCID: PMC6731264 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.58.36557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the distribution of genetic patterns and structure is an essential target in population genetics and, thereby, important for conservation genetics. The main aim of our study was to investigate the population genetics of Usnea subfloridana, a widespread lichenised fungus, focusing on a comparison of genetic variation of its populations amongst three geographically remote and disconnected regions, in order to determine relationships amongst environmental data, variation in lichen secondary chemistry and microsatellite data in genotyped populations. In all, 928 Usnea thalli from 17 populations were genotyped using seven specific fungal microsatellite markers. Different measures of genetic diversity (allelic richness, private allelic richness, Nei's unbiased genetic diversity and clonal diversity) were calculated and compared between lichen populations. Our results revealed a low genetic differentiation of U. subfloridana populations amongst three distant areas in Estonia and also a high level of gene flow. The results support suggestion of the long-range vegetative dispersal of subpendulous U. subfloridana via symbiotic propagules (soralia, isidia or fragments of thalli). Our study has also provided evidence that environmental variables, including mean annual temperature and geographical longitude, shape the genetic structure of U. subfloridana populations in Estonia. Additionally, a weak but statistically significant correlation between lichen chemotypes and microsatellite allele distribution was found in genotyped specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Degtjarenko
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, SwitzerlandBiodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research InstituteBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Department of Botany, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, EstoniaUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Inga Jüriado
- Department of Botany, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, EstoniaUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Tiina Mandel
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, SwitzerlandBiodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research InstituteBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Department of Botany, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, EstoniaUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Tiiu Tõrra
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, SwitzerlandBiodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research InstituteBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Department of Botany, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, EstoniaUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Andres Saag
- Department of Botany, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, EstoniaUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Christoph Scheidegger
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, SwitzerlandBiodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research InstituteBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Tiina Randlane
- Department of Botany, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, EstoniaUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
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Distribution patterns of haplotypes for symbionts from Umbilicaria esculenta and U. muehlenbergii reflect the importance of reproductive strategy in shaping population genetic structure. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:212. [PMID: 26471277 PMCID: PMC4608304 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diversity of lichen fungal components and their photosynthetic partners reflects both ecological and evolutionary factors. In present study, molecular investigations of the internal transcribed spacer of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS nrDNA) region were conducted to analyze the genetic diversity of Umbilicaria esculenta and U. muehlenbergii together with their associated green algae. RESULT It was here demonstrated that the reproductive strategy is a principal reason for fungal selectivity to algae. U. muehlenbergii, which disperses via sexual spores, exhibits lower selectivity to its photosynthetic partners than U. esculenta, which has a vegetative reproductive strategy. The difference of genotypic diversity (both fungal and algal) between these two Umbilicaria species is low, although their nucleotide diversity can vary greatly. CONCLUSIONS The present study illustrates that lichen-forming fungi with sexual reproductive strategies are less selective with respect to their photobionts; and reveals that both sexual and vegetative reproduction allow lichens to generate similar amounts of diversity to adapt to the environments. The current study will be helpful for elucidating how lichens with different reproductive strategies adapt to changing environments.
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Leavitt S, Fernández-Mendoza F, Pérez-Ortega S, Sohrabi M, Divakar P, Lumbsch T, St. Clair L. DNA barcode identification of lichen-forming fungal species in the Rhizoplaca melanophthalma species-complex (Lecanorales, Lecanoraceae), including five new species. MycoKeys 2013. [DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.7.4508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Complex patterns of speciation in cosmopolitan “rock posy” lichens – Discovering and delimiting cryptic fungal species in the lichen-forming Rhizoplaca melanophthalma species-complex (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 59:587-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Construction and characterization of a full-length cDNA library from mycobiont of Endocarpon pusillum (lichen-forming Ascomycota). World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0768-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pino-Bodas R, Martín MP, Burgaz AR. Cladonia subturgida and C. iberica (Cladoniaceae) form a single, morphologically and chemically polymorphic species. Mycol Prog 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-011-0746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ascomycota has a faster evolutionary rate and higher species diversity than Basidiomycota. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2010; 53:1163-9. [PMID: 20953937 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-010-4063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Differences in rates of nucleotide or amino acid substitutions among major groups of organisms are repeatedly found and well documented. A growing body of evidence suggests a link between the rate of neutral molecular change within populations and the evolution of species diversity. More than 98% of terrestrial fungi belong to the phyla Ascomycota or Basidiomycota. The former is considerably richer in number of species than the latter. We obtained DNA sequences of 21 protein-coding genes from the lichenized fungus Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca and used them together with sequences from GenBank for subsequent analyses. Three datasets were used to test rate discrepancies between Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and that within Ascomycota: (i) 13 taxa including 105 protein-coding genes, (ii) nine taxa including 21 protein-coding genes, and (iii) nuclear LSU rDNA of 299 fungal species. Based on analyses of the 105 protein-coding genes and nuclear LSU rDNA datasets, we found that the evolutionary rate was higher in Ascomycota than in Basidiomycota. The differences in substitution rates between Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were significant. Within Ascomycota, the species-rich Sordariomycetes has the fastest evolutionary rate, while Leotiomycetes has the slowest. Our results indicate that the main contribution to the higher substitution rates in Ascomycota does not come from mutualism, ecological conditions, sterility, metabolic rate or shorter generation time, but is possibly caused by the founder effect. This is another example of the correlation between species number and evolutionary rates, which is consistent with the hypothesis that the founder effect is responsible for accelerated substitution rates in diverse clades.
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