1
|
Dresen M, Valentin-Weigand P, Berhanu Weldearegay Y. Role of Metabolic Adaptation of Streptococcus suis to Host Niches in Bacterial Fitness and Virulence. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040541. [PMID: 37111427 PMCID: PMC10144218 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, both a common colonizer of the porcine upper respiratory tract and an invasive pig pathogen, successfully adapts to different host environments encountered during infection. Whereas the initial infection mainly occurs via the respiratory tract, in a second step, the pathogen can breach the epithelial barrier and disseminate within the whole body. Thereby, the pathogen reaches other organs such as the heart, the joints, or the brain. In this review, we focus on the role of S. suis metabolism for adaptation to these different in vivo host niches to encounter changes in nutrient availability, host defense mechanisms and competing microbiota. Furthermore, we highlight the close link between S. suis metabolism and virulence. Mutants deficient in metabolic regulators often show an attenuation in infection experiments possibly due to downregulation of virulence factors, reduced resistance to nutritive or oxidative stress and to phagocytic activity. Finally, metabolic pathways as potential targets for new therapeutic strategies are discussed. As antimicrobial resistance in S. suis isolates has increased over the last years, the development of new antibiotics is of utmost importance to successfully fight infections in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Dresen
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Valentin-Weigand
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bai Y, Shang M, Xu M, Wu A, Sun L, Zheng L. Transcriptome, Phenotypic, and Virulence Analysis of Streptococcus sanguinis SK36 Wild Type and Its CcpA-Null Derivative (ΔCcpA). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:411. [PMID: 31867286 PMCID: PMC6904348 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Catabolic control protein (CcpA) is linked to complex carbohydrate utilization and virulence factor in many bacteria species, influences the transcription of target genes by many mechanisms. To characterize the activity and regulatory mechanisms of CcpA in Streptococcus sanguinis, here, we analyzed the transcriptome of Streptococcus sanguinis SK36 and its CcpA-null derivative (ΔCcpA) using RNA-seq. Compared to the regulon of CcpA in SK36 in the RegPrecise database, we found that only minority of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) contained putative catabolite response element (cre) in their regulatory regions, indicating that many genes could have been affected indirectly by the loss of CcpA and analyzing the sequence of the promoter region using prediction tools is not a desirable method to recognize potential target genes of global regulator CcpA. Gene ontology and pathway analysis of DEGs revealed that CcpA exerts an influence predominantly involved in carbon catabolite metabolism and some amino acid catabolite pathways, which has been linked to expression of virulence genes in many pathogens and coordinately regulate the disease progression in vivo studies. However, in some scenarios, differences observed at the transcript level could not reflect the real differences at the protein level. Therefore, to confirm the differences in phenotype and virulence of SK36 and ΔCcpA, we characterized the role of CcpA in the regulation of biofilm development, EPS production and the virulence of Streptococcus sanguinis. Results showed CcpA inactivation impaired biofilm and EPS formation, and CcpA also involved in virulence in rabbit infective endocarditis model. These findings will undoubtedly contribute to investigate the mechanistic links between the global regulator CcpA and the virulence of Streptococcus sanguinis, further broaden our understanding of the relationship between basic metabolic processes and virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Bai
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengmeng Shang
- Department of Scientific Research, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (East), Beijing, China
| | - Mengya Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Anyi Wu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Luning Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lanyan Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xia X, Qin W, Zhu H, Wang X, Jiang J, Hu J. How Streptococcus suis serotype 2 attempts to avoid attack by host immune defenses. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2019; 52:516-525. [PMID: 30954397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) type 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes swine streptococcosis, a widespread infectious disease that occurs in pig production areas worldwide and causes serious economic losses in the pork industry. Hosts recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate both innate and acquired immune responses. However, S. suis has evolved multiple mechanisms to escape host defenses. Pathogenic proteins, such as enolase, double-component regulatory systems, factor H-combining proteins and other pathogenic and virulence factors, contribute to immune escape by evading host phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), complement-mediated immune destruction, etc. SS2 can prevent neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation to avoid being trapped by porcine neutrophils and disintegrate host immunoglobulins via IgA1 hydrolases and IgM proteases. Currently, the pathogenesis of arthritis and meningitis caused by SS2 infection remains unclear, and further studies are necessary to elucidate it. Understanding immune evasion mechanisms after SS2 infection is important for developing high-efficiency vaccines and targeted drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China; Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China; Postdoctoral Research Station, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wanhai Qin
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Huili Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Jinqing Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Jianhe Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China; Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lang X, Wan Z, Pan Y, Bu Z, Wang X, Wang X, Ji X, Zhu L, Wan J, Sun Y, Wang X. Catabolite control protein A has an important role in the metabolic regulation of Streptococcus suis type 2 according to iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5967-72. [PMID: 26299628 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The catabolite control protein A (ccpA) regulates the carbon metabolism in Streptococcus suis type 2 and has pleiotropic regulatory functions in bacterial virulence and transcription. The present study systematically investigated ccpA activity in Streptococcus suis type 2 using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) liquid chromatography‑tandem mass spectrometry‑based proteomics. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses demonstrated that ccpA is an important protein for the regulation of metabolism, virulence and immune pathways in Streptococcus suis type 2. The present study therefore expanded the current understanding of the effects of ccpA on virulence, metabolic regulation and transcription in Streptococcus suis type 2 and other important pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xulong Lang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghai Wan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, Changchun Stomatological Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130042, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Bu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| | - Xiuran Wang
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| | - Xue Ji
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| | - Lingwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| | - Jiayu Wan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| | - Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|