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Fan X, Zhou D, Xu C, Song X, Wang X, Qin C, Zhu Z, Xu W, Zhu M. Screening of RNA methyltransferase NSP16 inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and study of related mechanisms. Am J Transl Res 2025; 17:1237-1250. [PMID: 40092096 PMCID: PMC11909547 DOI: 10.62347/vuzm7431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the abilities of several drugs to block the second methylation process of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA with non-structural protein 16 (NSP16) and expose the virus to the innate immune mechanism of the host for the purpose of improving infection control and drug development for COVID-19. METHODS Recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmids PET30a-NSP16 and PET15b-NSP10 and a plasmid for preserving the untranslated region (UTR) sequences, pUC57-UTR, were constructed. The obtained UTR template was transcribed in vitro to obtain RNAs. Then, bioluminescence was used to determine the Km values of NSP16 and non-structural protein 10 (NSP10) and study the inhibition effects of four clinical drugs - cladribine, didanosine, sin efungin and ebselen - on SARS-CoV-2 NSP16 2'-O-MTase. RESULTS The catalytic subunit NSP16 and stimulatory subunit NSP10 of SARS-COV-2 2'-O-MTase were successfully expressed. The Km values of the substrates of NSP16, including SAM and Cap0-RNA, were also determined. Among the four drugs, sinefungin exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect and ebselen ranked second, while cladribine and didanosine showed no significant inhibitory effects according to the luminescence data. CONCLUSION Four drugs with potential inhibitory activity were examined. Among them, cladribine and didanosine have weak inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 NSP16 and, therefore, are not suitable for clinical application. Sinefungin has the strongest inhibitory effect, and ebselen ranks second. Therefore, they can be regarded as qualified clinical candidates for SARS-CoV-2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University Chaohu 238000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Dangui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University Chaohu 238000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Chonghe Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Xixi Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University Chaohu 238000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University Chaohu 238000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University Chaohu 238000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zhongqi Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University Chaohu 238000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei 230022, Anhui, PR China
| | - Mei Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University Chaohu 238000, Anhui, PR China
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Kumondai M, Gutiérrez Rico EM, Hishinuma E, Nakanishi Y, Yamazaki S, Ueda A, Saito S, Tadaka S, Kinoshita K, Saigusa D, Nakayoshi T, Oda A, Hirasawa N, Hiratsuka M. Functional Characterization of 21 Rare Allelic CYP1A2 Variants Identified in a Population of 4773 Japanese Individuals by Assessing Phenacetin O-Deethylation. J Pers Med 2021; 11:690. [PMID: 34442334 PMCID: PMC8401128 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), which accounts for approximately 13% of the total hepatic cytochrome content, catalyzes the metabolic reactions of approximately 9% of frequently used drugs, including theophylline and olanzapine. Substantial inter-individual differences in enzymatic activity have been observed among patients, which could be caused by genetic polymorphisms. Therefore, we functionally characterized 21 novel CYP1A2 variants identified in 4773 Japanese individuals by determining the kinetic parameters of phenacetin O-deethylation. Our results showed that most of the evaluated variants exhibited decreased or no enzymatic activity, which may be attributed to potential structural alterations. Notably, the Leu98Gln, Gly233Arg, Ser380del Gly454Asp, and Arg457Trp variants did not exhibit quantifiable enzymatic activity. Additionally, three-dimensional (3D) docking analyses were performed to further understand the underlying mechanisms behind variant pharmacokinetics. Our data further suggest that despite mutations occurring on the protein surface, accumulating interactions could result in the impairment of protein function through the destabilization of binding regions and changes in protein folding. Therefore, our findings provide additional information regarding rare CYP1A2 genetic variants and how their underlying effects could clarify discrepancies noted in previous phenotypical studies. This would allow the improvement of personalized therapeutics and highlight the importance of identifying and characterizing rare variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kumondai
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; (M.K.); (E.M.G.R.); (Y.N.); (S.Y.); (N.H.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Evelyn Marie Gutiérrez Rico
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; (M.K.); (E.M.G.R.); (Y.N.); (S.Y.); (N.H.)
| | - Eiji Hishinuma
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (E.H.); (A.U.); (S.S.)
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.T.); (K.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Yuya Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; (M.K.); (E.M.G.R.); (Y.N.); (S.Y.); (N.H.)
| | - Shuki Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; (M.K.); (E.M.G.R.); (Y.N.); (S.Y.); (N.H.)
| | - Akiko Ueda
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (E.H.); (A.U.); (S.S.)
| | - Sakae Saito
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (E.H.); (A.U.); (S.S.)
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.T.); (K.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Shu Tadaka
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.T.); (K.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.T.); (K.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.T.); (K.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Tomoki Nakayoshi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan; (T.N.); (A.O.)
| | - Akifumi Oda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan; (T.N.); (A.O.)
| | - Noriyasu Hirasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; (M.K.); (E.M.G.R.); (Y.N.); (S.Y.); (N.H.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (E.H.); (A.U.); (S.S.)
| | - Masahiro Hiratsuka
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; (M.K.); (E.M.G.R.); (Y.N.); (S.Y.); (N.H.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (E.H.); (A.U.); (S.S.)
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.T.); (K.K.); (D.S.)
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