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Dias da Rocha MA, Saint Aroman M, Mengeaud V, Carballido F, Doat G, Coutinho A, Bagatin E. Unveiling the Nuances of Adult Female Acne: A Comprehensive Exploration of Epidemiology, Treatment Modalities, Dermocosmetics, and the Menopausal Influence. Int J Womens Health 2024; 16:663-678. [PMID: 38650835 PMCID: PMC11034510 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s431523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Previously considered a skin disease exclusively affecting adolescents, characterized by inflammatory and non-inflammatory skin lesions, acne vulgaris is now increasingly observed in adult life, including post-menopause. Today, adult female acne (AFA) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit, with polymorphic lesions presenting as open or closed comedones, papules, pustules, and even nodules or cysts, often with the presence of sequelae. AFA may persist from adolescence or manifest de novo in adulthood. Its etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic, hormonal, dietary, and environmental factors, yet still incompletely understood. Increased sebum production, keratinocyte hyper-proliferation, inflammation, and reduced diversity of Cutibacterium acnes strains are the underlying disease mechanisms. During menopausal transition, a relative increase in androgen levels occurs, just as estrogens begin to decline, which can manifest itself as acne. Whereas most AFA exhibit few acne lesions with normo-androgenic serum levels, baseline investigations including androgen testing panel enable associated comorbidities to be eliminated, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, or tumors. Another interesting feature is AFA's impact on quality of life, which is greater than in adolescents, being similar to other chronic diseases like asthma. The therapeutic approach to AFA depends on its severity and associated features. This review investigates the intricate facets of AFA, with a specific focus on incidence rates, treatment modalities, and the curious impact of menopause. Utilizing insights from contemporary literature and scientific discussions, this article seeks to advance our understanding of AFA, offering new perspectives to shape clinical practices and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markéta Saint Aroman
- Corporate Medical Direction Dermocosmetics Care & Personal Care, Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Mengeaud
- Laboratoires Dermatologiques Ducray, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Lavaur, France
| | - Fabienne Carballido
- Laboratoires Dermatologiques A-Derma, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Lavaur, France
| | - Gautier Doat
- Laboratoires Dermatologiques Avène, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Lavaur, France
| | - Ana Coutinho
- Laboratorios Pierre Fabre do Brasil LTDA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edileia Bagatin
- Department of Dermatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Srivastava S, Huang SF, Jagtap MS. Assessment of the Effect of Rehmannia glutinosa Leaf Extract in Maintaining Skin Health: A Proof-of-Concept, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:863-875. [PMID: 38651075 PMCID: PMC11034513 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s448928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Purpose A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, proof-of-concept trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of VerbasnolTM [Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch leaf-based extract (RGLE)] in females, with moderate to severe acne vulgaris. Participants and Methods Twenty-two females aged 18 to 35 years having moderate to severe acne with Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) scores of 19 to 38 were included in the study and were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either one capsule (100 mg/day) of RGLE or placebo orally after breakfast for 56 days. The primary outcome was a change in acne severity measured by the GAGS compared to the placebo on day 56. The secondary outcomes were changes in the number of inflammatory acne lesions, facial sebum secretion, quality of life, local pain and itching, skin wrinkle severity, and other skin characteristics, including radiance, luminosity, smoothness, texture, firmness, and hydration. Additionally, the percentage of responders and global tolerability and efficacy were evaluated. Results The mean GAGS score was reduced by 21.72% and 14.20% on day 28 in RGLE (n=10) and placebo groups (n=12), respectively, which further reduced in both groups on day 56. The RGLE group reported better improvement in other skin characteristics on day 56. No safety or tolerability concerns were reported for the extract. RGLE reduced acne and improved the skin quality in females compared to placebo as early as 28 days of supplementation. Conclusion RGLE supplementation at a dose of 100 mg/day has provided a clinically relevant decrease in acne severity and improved the skin hydration and quality of life of the participants with acne after 56 days of dose administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Srivastava
- Department of Clinical Development and Strategy, Vedic Lifesciences Pvt. Ltd., Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shu Fen Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, NuLiv Holding Inc., Taipei City, Taiwan (Republic of China)
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Verde L, Frias-Toral E, Cacciapuoti S, Simancas-Racines D, Megna M, Caiazzo G, Potestio L, Maisto M, Tenore GC, Colao A, Savastano S, Muscogiuri G, Barrea L. Very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD): a therapeutic nutritional tool for acne? J Transl Med 2024; 22:322. [PMID: 38556870 PMCID: PMC10983624 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne, a chronic inflammatory disease impacting the pilosebaceous unit, is influenced significantly by inflammation and oxidative stress, and is commonly associated with obesity. Similarly, obesity is also associated with increased inflammation and oxidation. The role of diet in acne remains inconclusive, but the very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD), known for weight loss and generating anti-inflammatory ketone bodies, presents promising potential. Despite this, the effects of VLCKD on acne remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a 45-day active phase of VLCKD in reducing the clinical severity of acne in young women with treatment-naïve moderate acne and grade I obesity. METHODS Thirty-one women with treatment-naïve moderate acne, grade I obesity (BMI 30.03-34.65 kg/m2), aged 18-30 years, meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria, and consenting to adhere to VLCKD were recruited. Baseline and post-intervention assessments included anthropometric measurements, body composition, phase angle (PhA), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels, and reactive oxygen metabolite derivatives (dROMs) as markers of inflammation, dysbiosis, and oxidative stress, respectively. A comprehensive dermatological examination, incorporating the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), was conducted for all women. RESULTS VLCKD resulted in general improvements in anthropometric and body composition parameters. Significantly, there were significant reductions in both the GAGS score (Δ%: - 31.46 ± 9.53, p < 0.001) and the DLQI score (Δ%: - 45.44 ± 24.02, p < 0.001) after the intervention. These improvements coincided with significant decreases in TMAO (p < 0.001) and dROMs (p < 0.001) levels and a significant increase in PhA (Δ%: + 8.60 ± 7.40, p < 0.001). Changes in the GAGS score positively correlated with changes in dROMs (p < 0.001) and negatively with PhA (p < 0.001) even after adjusting for Δ% FM. Changes in the DLQI score positively correlated with changes in dROMs (p < 0.001) and negatively with PhA (p < 0.001) even after adjustment for Δ% FM. CONCLUSION Given the side effects of drugs used for acne, there is an increasing need for safe, tolerable, and low-cost treatments that can be used for acne disease. The 45-day active phase of VLCKD demonstrated notable improvements in acne severity, and these improvements seemed to be attributable to the known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of VLCKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Verde
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- School of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, 0901952, Ecuador
| | - Sara Cacciapuoti
- Section of Dermatology-Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniel Simancas-Racines
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, 170129, Ecuador.
| | - Matteo Megna
- Section of Dermatology-Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Caiazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche avanzate, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Potestio
- Section of Dermatology-Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Maisto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Benessere, Nutrizione e Sport, Università Telematica Pegaso, Centro Direzionale, Via Porzio, Isola F2, 80143, Naples, Italy
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Dréno B, Nguyen JM, Hainaut E, Machet L, Leccia MT, Beneton N, Claudel JP, Célérier P, Le Moigne M, Le Naour S, Vrignaud F, Poinas A, Dert C, Boisrobert A, Flet L, Korner S, Khammari A. Efficacy of Spironolactone Compared with Doxycycline in Moderate Acne in Adult Females: Results of the Multicentre, Controlled, Randomized, Double-blind Prospective and Parallel Female Acne Spironolactone vs doxyCycline Efficacy (FASCE) Study. Acta Derm Venereol 2024; 104:adv26002. [PMID: 38380975 PMCID: PMC10910526 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v104.26002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Acne in adult females is triggered mainly by hormones. Doxycycline is a reference treatment in acne. Spironolactone targets the androgen receptor of sebaceous glands and is prescribed off-label for female adult acne. This multicentre, controlled, randomized, double-blind prospective and parallel study assessed the efficacy of spironolactone compared with doxycycline in adult female acne. A total of 133 women with moderate acne were randomized to receive treatment with: (i) doxycycline and benzoyl peroxide for 3 months followed by a 3-month treatment with its placebo and benzoyl peroxide, or (ii) spironolactone and benzoyl peroxide for 6 months. Successfully treated patients continued with benzoyl peroxide or spironolactone alone for a further 6 months. Primary endpoints were treatment success at month 4 and month 6 with the AFAST score. At all visits, the ECLA score, lesion counts, local and systemic safety and quality of life were assessed. Spironolactone performed better at month 4 and showed a statistically significant better treatment success after 6 months than doxycycline (p = 0.007). Spironolactone was 1.37-times and 2.87-times more successful compared with doxycycline at respective time-points. AFAST and ECLA scores, as well as lesion counts always improved more with spironolactone. Patients' quality of life was better with spironolactone at month 4 and month 6. Spironolactone was very well tolerated. This is the first study to show that, in female adults with moderate acne, treatment with spironolactone is significantly more successful than doxycycline and very well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Dréno
- Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Ewa Hainaut
- Department of Dermatology, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Laurent Machet
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Tours, INSERM U1253, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Leccia
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Photobiology, CHU A. Michallon, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | - Marie Le Moigne
- Department of Dermatology, Nantes University, CHU Nantes, CIC1413, Nantes, France
| | - Sarah Le Naour
- Department of Dermatology, Nantes University, CHU Nantes, CIC1413, Nantes, France
| | - Florence Vrignaud
- Clinical Investigation Centre CIC1413, CHU Nantes and INSERM, Nantes, France; Nantes University, CHU Nantes, UTCG, Nantes, France
| | - Alexandra Poinas
- Clinical Investigation Centre CIC1413, CHU Nantes and INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Cécile Dert
- Health Economics Studies and Development of Health Products, Department of Partnership and Innovation, CHU Nantes, Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Aurélie Boisrobert
- Department of Dermatology, Nantes University, CHU Nantes, CIC1413, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Flet
- Department of Pharmacy, CHU Nantes, Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Simon Korner
- Vigilances Unit, Department of Research and Innovation, CHU Nantes, Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Amir Khammari
- Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France; Department of Dermatology, Nantes University, CHU Nantes, CIC1413, Nantes, France
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Wang X, Fan MJ, Yu YF, Fan XY, Chen J, Lai YF, Liu Y, Ye HY, Zhang ZY, Zhao Y, Wang YF, Xiang LH, He M, Ma Y. Acromegaly presented with acne vulgaris: a retrospective study with 123 cases. J Endocrinol Invest 2023:10.1007/s40618-023-02254-6. [PMID: 38112910 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is a prevalent skin condition. We have found that some acromegaly patients have acne. However, no study has examined the relationship between acromegaly and acne. OBJECTIVE To explore prevalence and correlation of adult acne in patients with acromegaly. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, we collected questionnaires, clinical information, and laboratory test results of acromegaly patients from January 2022 to December 2022 at Huashan Hospital. Of the 133 questionnaires returned, 123 had valid responses. RESULTS Of the 123 patients with acromegaly enrolled in this study, 54.5% had adult acne. No statistically significant difference was found in prevalence between male and female patients. 61.2% of adult acne patients reported late-onset acne. Late-onset acne patients first developed acne years before acromegaly diagnosis (mean of 5.6 years for male and 4.5 years for female patients). Some acne patients have received traditional anti-acne treatment. Moreover, 31% of the patients reported no improvement, and only 3.5% of patients claimed complete resolution of acne after treatment. Before acromegaly treatment, the prevalence of adult acne was 51.2%, with mild acne accounting for 73.0%, moderate acne accounting for 23.8%, and severe acne accounting for 3.2%. After acromegaly treatment, the prevalence of adult acne was significantly decreased to 37.4% (P = 0.007). An overall decrease in acne severity was noted, with 93.5%, 6.5%, and 0% having mild, moderate, and severe acne, respectively. A total of 83.6% of the patients had self-assessed acne remission, and 33.3% of the patients reported complete acne resolution. However, 9.0% of patients reported that their condition had worsened after acromegaly treatment. After treatment, GH, IGF-1, IGF-1 index, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR decreased significantly in all patients with acromegaly (P < 0.05). Acne remission correlated positively with IGF-1 levels, but not with GH levels. The relationship between acromegaly and acne remains to be elucidated. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide preliminary evidence of the high prevalence of adult acne in acromegaly patients, and a high rate of late-onset acne as well. Traditional anti-acne treatments are less effective. Acne could be considerably relieved by treating acromegaly. Acne remission positively correlated with IGF-1 decline as well, which revealed the correlation between acne and IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - M J Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Y F Yu
- Department of Endocrine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Y F Lai
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - H Y Ye
- Department of Endocrine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y Zhang
- Department of Endocrine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Y F Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - L H Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - M He
- Department of Endocrine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Y Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
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Krzemińska B, Dybowski MP, Klimek K, Typek R, Miazga-Karska M, Ginalska G, Dos Santos Szewczyk K. Can Extracts from the Leaves and Fruits of the Cotoneaster Species Be Considered Promising Anti-Acne Agents? MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092907. [PMID: 35566257 PMCID: PMC9105355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the phenolic profile and biological activity of the extracts from the leaves and fruits of Cotoneaster nebrodensis and Cotoneaster roseus. Considering that miscellaneous species of Cotoneaster are thought to be healing in traditional Asian medicine, we assumed that this uninvestigated species may reveal significant therapeutic properties. Here, we report the simultaneous assessment of chemical composition as well as biological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and cytotoxic properties) of tested species. Complementary LC-MS analysis revealed that polyphenols (especially flavonoids and proanthocyanidins) are the overriding phytochemicals with the greatest significance in tested biological activities. In vitro chemical tests considering biological activities revealed that obtained results showed different values depending on concentration, extraction solvent as well as phenolic content. Biological assays demonstrated that the investigated extracts possessed antibacterial properties and were not cytotoxic toward normal skin fibroblasts. Given the obtained results, we concluded that knowledge of the chemical composition and biological activities of investigated species are important to achieve a better understanding of the utilization of these plants in traditional medicine and be useful for further research in their application to treat various diseases, such as skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Krzemińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał P. Dybowski
- Department of Chromatography, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie Sklodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.D.); (R.T.)
| | - Katarzyna Klimek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (M.M.-K.); (G.G.)
| | - Rafał Typek
- Department of Chromatography, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie Sklodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.D.); (R.T.)
| | - Małgorzata Miazga-Karska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (M.M.-K.); (G.G.)
| | - Grażyna Ginalska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (M.M.-K.); (G.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Dos Santos Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-814-487-064
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Miyamoto K, Munakata Y, Yan X, Tsuji G, Furue M. Enhanced Fluctuations in Facial Pore Size, Redness, and TEWL Caused by Mask Usage Are Normalized by the Application of a Moisturizer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082121. [PMID: 35456214 PMCID: PMC9030563 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mask wearing is described as one of the main public health measures against COVID-19. Mask wearing induces various types of subjective and objective facial skin damage, such as hair pore dilatation and redness. Facial pore size and redness show morning-to-evening intra-day fluctuations. It remains unknown whether mask usage affects fluctuations in pore size and redness. We measured facial skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), pore size, and redness four times a day for 6 weeks in 20 healthy young women. After a 2-week no-mask-usage period (baseline period), all subjects wore unwoven masks for 2 weeks; then, for the following 2 weeks, they applied masks after the topical application of a moisturizer containing a Galactomyces ferment filtrate (GFF) skin care formula (Pitera™). We demonstrated that mask wearing significantly increased the intra-day fluctuations of pore size, redness, and TEWL. In addition, significant correlations were evident among these three parameters. Notably, these mask-induced skin changes were significantly improved, achieving a return to baseline levels, by the application of a GFF-containing moisturizer. In conclusion, mask wearing aggravates intra-day fluctuations in pore size and redness. Appropriate moisturization can minimize this mask-related skin damage, most likely by normalizing the elevated TEWL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kukizo Miyamoto
- Research and Development, Kobe Innovation Center, Procter and Gamble Innovation GK, Kobe 651-0088, Japan; (Y.M.); (X.Y.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yoko Munakata
- Research and Development, Kobe Innovation Center, Procter and Gamble Innovation GK, Kobe 651-0088, Japan; (Y.M.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xianghong Yan
- Research and Development, Kobe Innovation Center, Procter and Gamble Innovation GK, Kobe 651-0088, Japan; (Y.M.); (X.Y.)
| | - Gaku Tsuji
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
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