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Sime W, Jemaà M, Abassi Y, Lasorsa VA, Bonne Køhler J, Hansson K, Bexell D, Michaelis M, Cinatl J, Strand D, Capasso M, Massoumi R. Discovery of epi-Enprioline as a Novel Drug for the Treatment of Vincristine Resistant Neuroblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186577. [PMID: 32911859 PMCID: PMC7556009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a childhood solid tumour originating from undifferentiated neural progenitor cells of the sympathetic nervous system. Drug resistance of childhood cancer neuroblastoma is a serious clinical problem. In the present study, we aimed to identify novel drugs that can inhibit the growth and survival of chemoresistant neuroblastoma. High-throughput screening identified a small molecule, epi-enprioline that was able to induce apoptosis of vincristine-resistant neuroblastoma cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Epi-enprioline reduced tumour growth in multiple preclinical models, including an orthotopic neuroblastoma patient-derived xenograft model in vivo. In summary, our data suggest that epi-enprioline can be considered as a lead compound for the treatment of vincristine-resistant neuroblastoma uncovering a novel strategy, which can be further explored as a treatment for drug-resistant neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wondossen Sime
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (W.S.); (M.J.); (Y.A.); (J.B.K.); (K.H.); (D.B.)
| | - Mohamed Jemaà
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (W.S.); (M.J.); (Y.A.); (J.B.K.); (K.H.); (D.B.)
| | - Yasmin Abassi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (W.S.); (M.J.); (Y.A.); (J.B.K.); (K.H.); (D.B.)
| | - Vito Alessandro Lasorsa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.A.L.); (M.C.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via G Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Julie Bonne Køhler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (W.S.); (M.J.); (Y.A.); (J.B.K.); (K.H.); (D.B.)
| | - Karin Hansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (W.S.); (M.J.); (Y.A.); (J.B.K.); (K.H.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniel Bexell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (W.S.); (M.J.); (Y.A.); (J.B.K.); (K.H.); (D.B.)
| | - Martin Michaelis
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK;
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, Clinics of the Goethe-University, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Daniel Strand
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Mario Capasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.A.L.); (M.C.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via G Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy
- IRCCS SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco, 113, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Ramin Massoumi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (W.S.); (M.J.); (Y.A.); (J.B.K.); (K.H.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-46-2226430
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Mironova N, Vlassov V. Surveillance of Tumour Development: The Relationship Between Tumour-Associated RNAs and Ribonucleases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1019. [PMID: 31572192 PMCID: PMC6753386 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour progression is accompanied by rapid cell proliferation, loss of differentiation, the reprogramming of energy metabolism, loss of adhesion, escape of immune surveillance, induction of angiogenesis, and metastasis. Both coding and regulatory RNAs expressed by tumour cells and circulating in the blood are involved in all stages of tumour progression. Among the important tumour-associated RNAs are intracellular coding RNAs that determine the routes of metabolic pathways, cell cycle control, angiogenesis, adhesion, apoptosis and pathways responsible for transformation, and intracellular and extracellular non-coding RNAs involved in regulation of the expression of their proto-oncogenic and oncosuppressing mRNAs. Considering the diversity/variability of biological functions of RNAs, it becomes evident that extracellular RNAs represent important regulators of cell-to-cell communication and intracellular cascades that maintain cell proliferation and differentiation. In connection with the elucidation of such an important role for RNA, a surge in interest in RNA-degrading enzymes has increased. Natural ribonucleases (RNases) participate in various cellular processes including miRNA biogenesis, RNA decay and degradation that has determined their principal role in the sustention of RNA homeostasis in cells. Findings were obtained on the contribution of some endogenous ribonucleases in the maintenance of normal cell RNA homeostasis, which thus prevents cell transformation. These findings directed attention to exogenous ribonucleases as tools to compensate for the malfunction of endogenous ones. Recently a number of proteins with ribonuclease activity were discovered whose intracellular function remains unknown. Thus, the comprehensive investigation of physiological roles of RNases is still required. In this review we focused on the control mechanisms of cell transformation by endogenous ribonucleases, and the possibility of replacing malfunctioning enzymes with exogenous ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentin Vlassov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Michaelis M, Rothweiler F, Wurglics M, Aniceto N, Dittrich M, Zettl H, Wiese M, Wass M, Ghafourian T, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Cinatl J. Substrate-specific effects of pirinixic acid derivatives on ABCB1-mediated drug transport. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11664-76. [PMID: 26887049 PMCID: PMC4905501 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pirinixic acid derivatives, a new class of drug candidates for a range of diseases, interfere with targets including PPARα, PPARγ, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), and microsomal prostaglandin and E2 synthase-1 (mPGES1). Since 5-LO, mPGES1, PPARα, and PPARγ represent potential anti-cancer drug targets, we here investigated the effects of 39 pirinixic acid derivatives on prostate cancer (PC-3) and neuroblastoma (UKF-NB-3) cell viability and, subsequently, the effects of selected compounds on drug-resistant neuroblastoma cells. Few compounds affected cancer cell viability in low micromolar concentrations but there was no correlation between the anti-cancer effects and the effects on 5-LO, mPGES1, PPARα, or PPARγ. Most strikingly, pirinixic acid derivatives interfered with drug transport by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCB1 in a drug-specific fashion. LP117, the compound that exerted the strongest effect on ABCB1, interfered in the investigated concentrations of up to 2μM with the ABCB1-mediated transport of vincristine, vinorelbine, actinomycin D, paclitaxel, and calcein-AM but not of doxorubicin, rhodamine 123, or JC-1. In silico docking studies identified differences in the interaction profiles of the investigated ABCB1 substrates with the known ABCB1 binding sites that may explain the substrate-specific effects of LP117. Thus, pirinixic acid derivatives may offer potential as drug-specific modulators of ABCB1-mediated drug transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Michaelis
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany.,Centre for Molecular Processing and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK.,Current address: Centre for Molecular Processing and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Florian Rothweiler
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany
| | - Mario Wurglics
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Natália Aniceto
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich in Medway, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Michaela Dittrich
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Heiko Zettl
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Michael Wiese
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich in Medway, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.,Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Mark Wass
- Centre for Molecular Processing and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | | | | | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany
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Mironova N, Patutina O, Brenner E, Kurilshikov A, Vlassov V, Zenkova M. The systemic tumor response to RNase A treatment affects the expression of genes involved in maintaining cell malignancy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78796-78810. [PMID: 29108266 PMCID: PMC5667999 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, pancreatic RNase A was shown to inhibit tumor and metastasis growth that accompanied by global alteration of miRNA profiles in the blood and tumor tissue (Mironova et al., 2013). Here, we performed a whole transcriptome analysis of murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) after treatment of tumor-bearing mice with RNase A. We identified 966 differentially expressed transcripts in LLC tumors, of which 322 were upregulated and 644 were downregulated after RNase A treatment. Many of these genes are involved in signaling pathways that regulate energy metabolism, cell-growth promoting and transforming activity, modulation of the cancer microenvironment and extracellular matrix components, and cellular proliferation and differentiation. Following RNase A treatment, we detected an upregulation of carbohydrate metabolism, inositol phosphate cascade and oxidative phosphorylation, re-arrangement of cell adhesion, cell cycle control, apoptosis, and transcription. Whereas cancer-related signaling pathways (e.g., TGF-beta, JAK/STAT, and Wnt) were downregulated following RNase A treatment, as in the case of the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is involved in the progression of non-small lung cancer. RNase A therapy resulted in the downregulation of genes that inhibit the biogenesis of some miRNAs, particularly the let-7 miRNA family. Taken together, our data suggest that the antitumor activity and decreased invasion potential of tumor cells caused by RNase A are associated with enhanced energy cascade functioning, rearrangement of cancer-related events regulating cell growth and dissemination, and attenuation of signaling pathways having tumor-promoting activity. Thus, RNase A can be proposed as a potential component of anticancer therapy with multiple modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga Patutina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenyi Brenner
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Kurilshikov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Valentin Vlassov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marina Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Mironova NL, Petrushanko IY, Patutina OA, Sen'kova AV, Simonenko OV, Mitkevich VA, Markov OV, Zenkova MA, Makarov AA. Ribonuclease binase inhibits primary tumor growth and metastases via apoptosis induction in tumor cells. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:2120-31. [PMID: 23759588 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous ribonucleases are known to inhibit tumor growth via apoptosis induction in tumor cells, allowing to consider them as promising anticancer drugs for clinical application. In this work the antitumor potential of binase was evaluated in vivo and the mechanism of cytotoxic effect of binase on tumor cells was comprehensively studied in vitro. We investigated tumoricidal activity of binase using three murine tumor models of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), lymphosarcoma RLS 40 and melanoma B-16. We show for the first time that intraperitoneal injection of binase at a dose range 0.1-5 mg/kg results in retardation of primary tumor growth up to 45% in LLC and RLS 40 and inhibits metastasis up to 50% in LLC and RLS 40 and up to 70% in B-16 melanoma. Binase does not exhibit overall toxic effect and displays a general systemic and immunomodulatory effects. Treatment of RLS 40-bearing animals with binase together with polychemotherapy revealed that binase decreases the hepatotoxicity of polychemotherapy while maintaining its antitumor effect. It was demonstrated that the cytotoxic effect of binase is realized via the induction of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway is manifested by a drop of mitochondrial potential, increase in calcium concentration and inhibition of respiratory activity. Subsequent synthesis of TNF-α in the cells under the action of binase triggers extrinsic apoptotic pathway through the binding of TNF with cell-death receptors and activation of caspase 8. Thus binase is a potential anticancer therapeutics inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda L Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Selection of a highly invasive neuroblastoma cell population through long-term human cytomegalovirus infection. Oncogenesis 2012; 1:e10. [PMID: 23552602 PMCID: PMC3412641 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2012.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is suspected to increase tumour malignancy by infection of cancer and/or stroma cells (oncomodulation). So far, oncomodulatory mechanisms have been attributed to the presence of HCMV and direct action of its gene products on cancer cells. Here, we investigated whether the prolonged presence of HCMV can result in the irreversible selection of a cancer cell population with increased malignancy. The neuroblastoma cell line UKF-NB-4 was long-term (200 passages) infected with the HCMV strain Hi91 (UKF-NB-4Hi) before virus eradication using ganciclovir (UKF-NB-4HiGCV). Global gene expression profiling of UKF-NB-4, UKF-NB-4Hi and UKF-NB-4HiGCV cells and subsequent bioinformatic signal transduction pathway analysis revealed clear differences between UKF-NB-4 and UKF-NB-4Hi, as well as between UKF-NB-4 and UKF-NB-4HiGCV cells, but only minor differences between UKF-NB-4Hi and UKF-NB-4HiGCV cells. Investigation of the expression of a subset of five genes in different chronically HCMV-infected cell lines before and after virus eradication suggested that long-term HCMV infection reproducibly causes specific changes. Array comparative genomic hybridisation showed virtually the same genomic differences for the comparisons UKF-NB-4Hi/UKF-NB-4 and UKF-NB-4HiGCV/UKF-NB-4. UKF-NB-4Hi cells are characterised by an increased invasive potential compared with UKF-NB-4 cells. This phenotype was completely retained in UKF-NB-4HiGCV cells. Moreover, there was a substantial overlap in the signal transduction pathways that differed significantly between UKF-NB-4Hi/UKF-NB-4HiGCV and UKF-NB-4 cells and those differentially regulated between tumour tissues from neuroblastoma patients with favourable or poor outcome. In conclusion, we present the first experimental evidence that long-term HCMV infection can result in the selection of tumour cell populations with enhanced malignancy.
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Li W, Xie Y, Sun RWY, Liu Q, Young J, Yu WY, Che CM, Tam PK, Ren Y. Inhibition of Akt sensitises neuroblastoma cells to gold(III) porphyrin 1a, a novel antitumour drug induced apoptosis and growth inhibition. Br J Cancer 2009; 101:342-9. [PMID: 19550420 PMCID: PMC2720197 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gold(III) porphyrin 1a is a new class of anticancer drug, which inhibits cell proliferation of wide range of human cancer cell lines and induces apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. However, the underlying signalling mechanism by which gold(III) porphyrin 1a modifies the intracellular apoptosis pathways in tumour cells has not been explained in detail in neuroblastoma cells. METHODS Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined by measuring 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Annexin V binding, respectively. Western blot assay was used to detect proteins involved in apoptotic and Akt pathways. In vivo tumour growth was assessed by inoculating tumour cells to nude mice subcutaneously, and gold(III) porphyrin 1a was administrated intravenously. RESULTS This study assessed the antitumour effect and mechanism of gold(III) porphyrin 1a on neuroblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Gold(III) porphyrin 1a displayed a growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells effectively in vitro, which was accompanied with release of cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO and caspases activation. Further studies indicated that gold(III) porphyrin 1a inhibited X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP). However, we found that gold(III) porphyrin 1a can induce a survival signal, Akt activation within minutes and could last for at least 24 h. To further confirm association between activation of Akt and the effectiveness of gold(III) porphyrin 1a, neuroblastoma cells were treated with API-2, an Akt-specific inhibitor. API-2 sensitised cells to gold(III) porphyrin 1a-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition. CONCLUSION These results suggested that Akt may be considered as a molecular 'brake' that neuroblastoma cells rely on to slow down gold(III) porphyrin 1a-induced apoptosis and antiproliferation. Gold(III) porphyrin 1a is a mitochondrial apoptotic stimulus but also activates Akt, suggesting an involvement of Akt in mediating the effectiveness to growth inhibition and apoptosis by gold(III) porphyrin 1a and that inhibition of Akt can enhance the anticancer activity of gold(III) porphyrin 1a in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, PR China
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Van Maerken T, Sarkar D, Speleman F, Dent P, Weiss WA, Fisher PB. Adenovirus-mediated hPNPase(old-35) gene transfer as a therapeutic strategy for neuroblastoma. J Cell Physiol 2009; 219:707-15. [PMID: 19202553 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment options for neuroblastoma fail to eradicate the disease in the majority of high-risk patients, clearly mandating development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Gene therapy represents a promising approach for reversing the neoplastic phenotype or driving tumor cells to self-destruction. We presently studied the effects of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of human polynucleotide phosphorylase (hPNPase(old-35)), a 3',5'-exoribonuclease with growth-inhibitory properties, in neuroblastoma cells. Transgene expression was driven by either the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter or by a tumor-selective promoter derived from progression elevated gene-3 (PEG-3). Our data demonstrate that efficient adenoviral transduction of neuroblastoma cells and robust transgene expression are feasible objectives, that the PEG-3 promoter is capable of selectively targeting gene expression in the majority of neuroblastoma cells, and that hPNPase(old-35) induces profound growth suppression and apoptosis of malignant neuroblastoma cells, while exerting limited effects on normal neural crest-derived melanocytes. These findings support future applications of hPNPase(old-35) for targeted gene-based therapy of neuroblastoma and suggest that combination with the PEG-3 promoter holds promise for creating a potent and selective neuroblastoma therapeutic. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 707-715, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Van Maerken
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Reversal of P-glycoprotein–Mediated Multidrug Resistance by the Murine Double Minute 2 Antagonist Nutlin-3. Cancer Res 2009; 69:416-21. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Inhibition of apoptosis prevents West Nile virus induced cell death. BMC Microbiol 2007; 7:49. [PMID: 17535425 PMCID: PMC1891299 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-7-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background West Nile virus (WNV) infection can cause severe meningitis and encephalitis in humans. Apoptosis was recently shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of WNV encephalitis. Here, we used WNV-infected glioma cells to study WNV-replication and WNV-induced apoptosis in human brain-derived cells. Results T98G cells are highly permissive for lytic WNV-infection as demonstrated by the production of infectious virus titre and the development of a characteristic cytopathic effect. WNV replication decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis as indicated by the activation of the effector caspase-3, the initiator caspases-8 and -9, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) cleavage and the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. Truncation of BID indicated cross-talk between the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Inhibition of the caspases-8 or -9 inhibited PARP cleavage, demonstrating that both caspases are involved in WNV-induced apoptosis. Pan-caspase inhibition prevented WNV-induced apoptosis without affecting virus replication. Conclusion We found that WNV infection induces cell death in the brain-derived tumour cell line T98G by apoptosis under involvement of constituents of the extrinsic as well as the intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Our results illuminate the molecular mechanism of WNV-induced neural cell death.
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Blaheta RA, Daher FH, Michaelis M, Hasenberg C, Weich EM, Jonas D, Kotchetkov R, Doerr HW, Cinatl J. Chemoresistance induces enhanced adhesion and transendothelial penetration of neuroblastoma cells by down-regulating NCAM surface expression. BMC Cancer 2006; 6:294. [PMID: 17181871 PMCID: PMC1780063 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Drug resistance to chemotherapy is often associated with increased malignancy in neuroblastoma (NB). One explanation for the link between resistance and malignancy might be that resistance facilitates cancer progression and invasion. To investigate this hypothesis, adhesion, transendothelial penetration and NCAM (CD56) adhesion receptor expression of drug-resistant versus drug-sensitive NB tumor cells were evaluated. Methods Acquired drug resistance was mimicked by exposing parental UKF-NB-2, UKF-NB-3 or IMR-32 tumor cells to increasing concentrations of vincristine- (VCR) or doxorubicin (DOX) to establish the resistant tumor cell sublines UKF-NB-2VCR, UKF-NB-2DOX, UKF-NB-3VCR, UKF-NB-3DOX, IMR-32VCR and IMR-32DOX. Additionally, the malignant behaviour of UKF-NB-4, which already possessed the intrinsic multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, was analyzed. UKF-NB-4 exposed to VCR or DOX were designated UKF-NB-4VCR or UKF-NB-4DOX. Combined phase contrast – reflection interference contrast microscopy was used to separately evaluate NB cell adhesion and penetration. NCAM was analyzed by flow cytometry, western blot and RT-PCR. Results VCR and DOX resistant tumor sublines showed enhanced adhesion and penetration capacity, compared to their drug naïve controls. Strongest effects were seen with UKF-NB-2VCR, UKF-NB-3VCR and IMR-32DOX. DOX or VCR treatment also evoked increased invasive behaviour of UKF-NB-4. The process of accelerated tumor invasion was accompanied by decreased NCAM surface and protein expression, and down-regulation of NCAM coding mRNA. Transfection of UKF-NB-4VCR cells with NCAM cDNA led to a significant receptor up-regulation, paralleled by diminished adhesion to an endothelial cell monolayer. Conclusion It is concluded that NB cells resistant to anticancer drugs acquire increased invasive capacity relative to non-resistant parental cells, and that enhanced invasion is caused by strong down-regulation of NCAM adhesion receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Blaheta
- Zentrum der Chirurgie, Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität; Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frederick H Daher
- Zentrum der Chirurgie, Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität; Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Michaelis
- Zentrum der Hygiene, Institut für Medizinische Virologie; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität; Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph Hasenberg
- Zentrum der Chirurgie, Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität; Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva M Weich
- Zentrum der Chirurgie, Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität; Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dietger Jonas
- Zentrum der Chirurgie, Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität; Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rouslan Kotchetkov
- Zentrum der Hygiene, Institut für Medizinische Virologie; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität; Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans Willhelm Doerr
- Zentrum der Hygiene, Institut für Medizinische Virologie; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität; Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Zentrum der Hygiene, Institut für Medizinische Virologie; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität; Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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