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Li W, Zou L, Huang S, Miao H, Liu K, Geng Y, Liu Y, Wu W. The anticancer activity of bile acids in drug discovery and development. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1362382. [PMID: 38444942 PMCID: PMC10912613 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1362382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) constitute essential components of cholesterol metabolites that are synthesized in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and excreted into the intestine through the biliary system. They play a crucial role in nutrient absorption, lipid and glucose regulation, and the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. In additional, BAs have demonstrated the ability to attenuate disease progression such as diabetes, metabolic disorders, heart disease, and respiratory ailments. Intriguingly, recent research has offered exciting evidence to unveil their potential antitumor properties against various cancer cell types including tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, gastric cancer, colon cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, gallbladder cancer, neuroblastoma, and others. Up to date, multiple laboratories have synthesized novel BA derivatives to develop potential drug candidates. These derivatives have exhibited the capacity to induce cell death in individual cancer cell types and display promising anti-tumor activities. This review extensively elucidates the anticancer activity of natural BAs and synthetic derivatives in cancer cells, their associated signaling pathways, and therapeutic strategies. Understanding of BAs and their derivatives activities and action mechanisms will evidently assist anticancer drug discovery and devise novel treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zou
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijie Miao
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Geng
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenguang Wu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
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Ahmed M. Functional, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects of Bile. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2022; 15:105-120. [PMID: 35898963 PMCID: PMC9309561 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s360563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile is a unique body fluid synthesized in our liver. Enterohepatic circulation preserves bile in our body through its efficient synthesis, transport, absorption, and reuptake. Bile is the main excretory route for bile salts, bilirubin, and potentially harmful exogenous lipophilic substances. The primary way of eliminating cholesterol is bile. Although bile has many organic and inorganic contents, bile acid is the most physiologically active component. Bile acids have a multitude of critical physiologic functions in our body. These include emulsification of dietary fat, absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins, maintaining glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis, sustenance of intestinal epithelial integrity and epithelial cell proliferation, reducing inflammation in the intestine, and prevention of enteric infection due to its antimicrobial properties. But bile acids can be harmful in certain altered conditions like cholecystectomy, terminal ileal disease or resection, cholestasis, duodenogastric bile reflux, duodenogastroesophageal bile reflux, and bile acid diarrhea. Bile acids can have malignant potentials as well. There are also important diagnostic and therapeutic roles of bile acid and bile acid modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monjur Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Mechanism of Bile Acid-Induced Programmed Cell Death and Drug Discovery against Cancer: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137184. [PMID: 35806184 PMCID: PMC9266679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are major signaling molecules that play a significant role as emulsifiers in the digestion and absorption of dietary lipids. Bile acids are amphiphilic molecules produced by the reaction of enzymes with cholesterol as a substrate, and they are the primary metabolites of cholesterol in the body. Bile acids were initially considered as tumor promoters, but many studies have deemed them to be tumor suppressors. The tumor-suppressive effect of bile acids is associated with programmed cell death. Moreover, based on this fact, several synthetic bile acid derivatives have also been used to induce programmed cell death in several types of human cancers. This review comprehensively summarizes the literature related to bile acid-induced programmed cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis, and the status of drug development using synthetic bile acid derivatives against human cancers. We hope that this review will provide a reference for the future research and development of drugs against cancer.
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Huang J, Mondul AM, Weinstein SJ, Karoly ED, Sampson JN, Albanes D. Prospective serum metabolomic profile of prostate cancer by size and extent of primary tumor. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45190-45199. [PMID: 28423352 PMCID: PMC5542177 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two recent investigations found serum lipid and energy metabolites related to aggressive prostate cancer up to 20 years prior to diagnosis. To elucidate whether those metabolomic profiles represent etiologic or tumor biomarker signals, we prospectively examined serum metabolites of prostate cancer cases by size and extent of primary tumors in a nested case-control analysis in the ATBC Study cohort that compared cases diagnosed with T2 (n = 71), T3 (n = 51), or T4 (n = 15) disease to controls (n = 200). Time from fasting serum collection to diagnosis averaged 10 years (range 1-20). LC/MS-GC/MS identified 625 known compounds, and logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) associated with one-standard deviation differences in log-metabolites. N-acetyl-3-methylhistidine, 3-methylhistidine and 2'-deoxyuridine were elevated in men with T2 cancers compared to controls (ORs = 1.38-1.79; 0.0002 ≤ p ≤ 0.01). By contrast, four lipid metabolites were inversely associated with T3 tumors: oleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerophosphoinositol (GPI), palmitoyl-linoleoyl-GPI, cholate, and inositol 1-phosphate (ORs = 0.49-0.60; 0.000017 ≤ p ≤ 0.003). Secondary bile acid lipids, sex steroids and caffeine-related xanthine metabolites were elevated, while two Krebs cycle metabolites were decreased, in men diagnosed with T4 cancers. Men with T2, T3, and T4 prostate cancer primaries exhibit qualitatively different metabolite profiles years in advance of diagnosis that may represent etiologic factors, molecular patterns reflective of distinct primary tumors, or a combination of both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alison M Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Synthesis and evaluation of bile acid amides of
$$\alpha $$
α
-cyanostilbenes as anticancer agents. Mol Divers 2017; 22:305-321. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Navacchia ML, Fraix A, Chinaglia N, Gallerani E, Perrone D, Cardile V, Graziano ACE, Capobianco ML, Sortino S. NO Photoreleaser-Deoxyadenosine and -Bile Acid Derivative Bioconjugates as Novel Potential Photochemotherapeutics. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:939-943. [PMID: 27774133 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This contribution reports the synthesis of some novel bioconjugates with anticancer activity and able to release nitric oxide (NO) under visible light excitation. The 4-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)aniline derivative, a suitable NO photodonor, was conjugated with 2'-deoxyadenosine and urso- and cheno-deoxycholic acid derivatives, through a thioalkylic chain or the 4-alkyl-1,2,3-triazole moiety. Photochemical experiments demonstrated the effective release of NO from 2'-deoxyadenosine and ursodeoxycholic acid conjugates under the exclusive control of visible light inputs. Studies for the in vitro antiproliferative activity against leukemic K562 and colon carcinoma HCT116 cell lines are reported for all the compounds as well as a case study of photocytotoxicity against HCT116.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurore Fraix
- Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Nicola Chinaglia
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gallerani
- Department
of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, corso Giovecca, 203, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniela Perrone
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department
of Bio-Medical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physiology Division, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana C. E. Graziano
- Department
of Bio-Medical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physiology Division, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Sortino
- Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Zhong S, Liu S, Chen S, Liu H, Zhou S, Qin X, Wang W. Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction of Bovine Alpha-lactalbumin-oleic Acid Complex in Human Breast Cancer Cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.21.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saiyi Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University
| | - Shouchun Liu
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science
| | - Suhua Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University
| | - Hai Liu
- Modern Biochemistry Center, Department of Experimental Teaching, Guangdong Ocean University
| | - Siyi Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University
| | - Xiaoming Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University
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Moon B, Kim MC, Park JS. Synthetic CDCA derivatives-induced apoptosis of stomach cancer cell line SNU-1 cells. Cancer Res Treat 2004; 36:132-9. [PMID: 20396553 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2004.36.2.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2004] [Accepted: 02/19/2004] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to explore whether CDCA derivatives induce apoptosis in a stomach cancer cell line, and to dissect the detailed mechanism underlying apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The human stomach cancer cell line, SNU-1, cells were treated with the synthetic CDCA derivatives, HS-1199 and HS-1200. DNA and mitochondrial stains were used to detect apoptotic cells by fluorescence imaging or flow cytometry. The caspase-3 activity was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS Both the HS-1199 and HS-1200 induced decreased viabilities of the SNU-1 cells, in time-dependent manners. The CDCA derivatives demonstrated various apoptosis hallmarks, such as mitochondrial changes (reduction of MMP, cytochrome c release, and Smac/ DIABLO translocation), activation of caspase-3 (resulting in the degradation of PARP and DFF45), DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation. CONCLUSION The CDCA derivatives, HS-1199 and HS-1200, both induced apoptosis of the SNU-1 gastric cancer cells in caspase- and mitochondria-dependent fashions. Many important issues relating to their therapeutic applications remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongkyung Moon
- Department of Family Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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