Visaria RK, Griffin RJ, Williams BW, Ebbini ES, Paciotti GF, Song CW, Bischof JC. Enhancement of tumor thermal therapy using gold nanoparticle–assisted tumor necrosis factor-α delivery.
Mol Cancer Ther 2006;
5:1014-20. [PMID:
16648573 DOI:
10.1158/1535-7163.mct-05-0381]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a potent cytokine with anticancer efficacy that can significantly enhance hyperthermic injury. However, TNF-alpha is systemically toxic, thereby creating a need for its selective tumor delivery. We used a newly developed nanoparticle delivery system consisting of 33-nm polyethylene glycol-coated colloidal gold nanoparticles (PT-cAu-TNF-alpha) with incorporated TNF-alpha payload (several hundred TNF-alpha molecules per nanoparticle) to maximize tumor damage and minimize systemic exposure to TNF-alpha. SCK mammary carcinomas grown in A/J mice were treated with 125 or 250 microg/kg PT-cAu-TNF-alpha alone or followed by local heating at 42.5 degrees C using a water bath for 60 minutes, 4 hours after nanoparticle injection. Increases in tumor growth delay were observed for both PT-cAu-TNF-alpha alone and heat alone, although the most dramatic effect was found in the combination treatment. Tumor blood flow was significantly suppressed 4 hours after an i.v. injection of free TNF-alpha or PT-cAu-TNF-alpha. Tumor perfusion, imaged by contrast enhanced ultrasonography, on days 1 and 5 after treatment revealed perfusion defects after the injection of PT-cAu-TNF-alpha alone and, in many regions, complete flow inhibition in tumors treated with combination treatment. The combination treatment of SCK tumors in vivo reduced the in vivo/in vitro tumor cell survival to 0.05% immediately following heating and to 0.005% at 18 hours after heating, suggesting vascular damage-mediated tumor cell killing. Thermally induced tumor growth delay was enhanced by pretreatment with TNF-alpha-coated gold nanoparticles when given i.v. at the proper dosage and timing.
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