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Abid A, Kandel H, Watson S. Systematic review investigating the time taken for corneal stabilisation following contact lens cessation. Br J Ophthalmol 2025:bjo-2025-327121. [PMID: 40419310 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2025-327121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2025] [Accepted: 04/23/2025] [Indexed: 05/28/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact lenses (CLs), used by approximately 140 million people globally, can induce corneal warpage, altering corneal geometry. This impacts corneal imaging, influencing diagnostic assessments, follow-ups and pre-operative evaluations. This systematic review aimed to determine the optimal CL cessation period before corneal imaging. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases. Studies were included if they assessed corneal stabilisation post-CL cessation by using corneal imaging techniques. Quality was rated using the modified Downs and Black checklist. RESULTS Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria; 13 prospective observational studies, one retrospective and one observational case series. Five of these studies included a control group. Following the removal of CLs, the included studies reported stabilisation of corneal parameters as follows: for soft CLs, 2-11.6 weeks (median 2.1 weeks); for hard CLs, 1-22 weeks (median 7.6 weeks); for orthokeratology lenses, 1-2 weeks (median 1.6 weeks) and for tinted lenses, 2-3 hours. Factors influencing stabilisation included lens material, water content, wear modality, CL fit and patient age. Two studies were found to be of excellent methodological quality, 11 were assessed as good and two as fair. No studies were found to be of poor quality. CONCLUSION Corneal stabilisation time post-CL cessation was variable and dependent on the lens type and fit, patient age and method of determining corneal stabilisation. Personalised recommendations and standardised assessments are essential for optimising diagnostic and surgical outcomes. Further research is needed to develop comprehensive guidelines for consistent CL removal protocols. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023484401.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abid
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Univeristy of New South Wales Medicine & Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Himal Kandel
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie Watson
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Barequet D, Levinger E, Rosenblatt A, Levinger S, Barequet IS. Intraoperative variability of corneal epithelium thickness in photorefractive keratectomy. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:273. [PMID: 38916805 PMCID: PMC11199205 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the intraoperative central corneal epithelial thickness (ET) as measured by optical coherence pachymetry (OCP) in myopic eyes undergoing alcohol-assisted photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS A retrospective review of patients who underwent alcohol-assisted PRK was performed. Data were abstracted on age, gender, contact lens (CL) wear, preoperative refractive errors, keratometry, topographic and ultrasonic pachymetry, and intraoperative OCP measurements before and after epithelium removal. The central ET was calculated by subtracting OCP measurement after epithelium removal from the OCP measurement prior to epithelium removal. RESULTS The study comprised of 162 consecutive eyes from 81 patients. Mean age was 26.73 ± 6.47 years, 50.6% were males. CL was used in 92 eyes (56.8%). The mean sphere and spherical equivalent were -3.60 ± 1.84 D and -3.26 ± 1.85D, respectively. The mean intraoperative ET was 58.22 ± 17.53 µm (range, 15-121µm). Fifty-five percent of the eyes had an ET measurement above or below the range of 40-60µm. ET was significantly higher in the second operated eye compared to the first operated eye (p = 0.006), and an association was found to CL-wear (p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in thickness between genders (p = 0.62), and no correlation to patient age (p = 0.45, rp = 0.06), refractive errors (p > 0.30,rp=-0.07-0.08), nor keratometry(p > 0.80, rp=-0.01- (-0.02)). CONCLUSION The intraoperative assessment of ET in alcohol-assisted PRK showed a high variability of the central corneal epithelium, with a significant difference between the first and second operated eyes. This difference may have implications when the epithelium is not included in the surgical planning in surface ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Barequet
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Eliya Levinger
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Enaim Refractive Surgery Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Rosenblatt
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Irina S Barequet
- Enaim Refractive Surgery Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Abtahi MA, Beheshtnejad AH, Latifi G, Akbari-Kamrani M, Ghafarian S, Masoomi A, Sonbolastan SA, Jahanbani-Ardakani H, Atighechian M, Banan L, Nouri H, Abtahi SH. Corneal Epithelial Thickness Mapping: A Major Review. J Ophthalmol 2024; 2024:6674747. [PMID: 38205099 PMCID: PMC10776199 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6674747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The corneal epithelium (CE) is the outermost layer of the cornea with constant turnover, relative stability, remarkable plasticity, and compensatory properties to mask alterations in the underlying stroma. The advent of quantitative imaging modalities capable of producing epithelial thickness mapping (ETM) has made it possible to characterize better the different patterns of epithelial remodeling. In this comprehensive synthesis, we reviewed all available data on ETM with different methods, including very high-frequency ultrasound (VHF-US) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in normal individuals, corneal or systemic diseases, and corneal surgical scenarios. We excluded OCT studies that manually measured the corneal epithelial thickness (CET) (e.g., by digital calipers) or the CE (e.g., by confocal scanning or handheld pachymeters). A comparison of different CET measuring technologies and devices capable of producing thickness maps is provided. Normative data on CET and the possible effects of gender, aging, diurnal changes, refraction, and intraocular pressure are discussed. We also reviewed ETM data in several corneal disorders, including keratoconus, corneal dystrophies, recurrent epithelial erosion, herpes keratitis, keratoplasty, bullous keratopathy, carcinoma in situ, pterygium, and limbal stem cell deficiency. The available data on the potential role of ETM in indicating refractive surgeries, planning the procedure, and assessing postoperative changes are reviewed. Alterations in ETM in systemic and ocular conditions such as eyelid abnormalities and dry eye disease and the effects of contact lenses, topical medications, and cataract surgery on the ETM profile are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Golshan Latifi
- Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sadegh Ghafarian
- Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Masoomi
- Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Laleh Banan
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hosein Nouri
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Hossein Abtahi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chiu YC, Tsai PC, Lee SH, Wang JH, Chiu CJ. Systematic Review of Myopia Progression after Cessation of Optical Interventions for Myopia Control. J Clin Med 2023; 13:53. [PMID: 38202060 PMCID: PMC10779574 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite high discontinuation rates for myopia optical interventions, limited attention has been given to the potential rebound effects post-discontinuation. This systematic review aims to assess the extent of the rebound effects following the cessation of common clinical optical myopia-control interventions in children. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted from inception to October 2023. The rebound effects, defined as changes in the axial length or spherical equivalent during and after treatment cessation, were categorized into four levels. These studies encompassed 703 participants and spanned from 2019 to 2023, with durations of treatment and cessation ranging from 6 months to 3.5 years and from 2 weeks to 5 years, respectively. This review, encompassing 14 studies, revealed a predominant strong rebound effect in orthokeratology (8 studies), a weak rebound effect in multifocal soft contact lenses (4 studies), and a variable rebound effect in peripheral-plus spectacle lenses (2 studies). Notably, with the increasing cessation duration, the rebound effects diminished, potentially linked to the reversal of choroidal thickening and the disappearance of peripheral myopic defocus. In conclusion, a temporal trend of rebound effects exists in all three myopia optical interventions, possibly contributing to their myopia control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Chiu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (P.-C.T.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Ping-Chiao Tsai
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (P.-C.T.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Ssu-Hsien Lee
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (P.-C.T.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Jen-Hung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Jen Chiu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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Chang WH, Tsai MC, Liu PY, Lu CJ, Howard Hsu YH. Nutrient Supplementation Improves Contact Lens-Induced Corneal Cell Damage Based on a SIRC Cellular Model. Eye Contact Lens 2023; 49:348-356. [PMID: 37378653 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The long-term use of contact lenses may damage the structure of the ocular surface and cause metabolic disorders in corneal cells. Vitamins and amino acids help maintain the physiological function of the eye. In the present study, the effects of nutrient (vitamin and amino acid) supplementation on corneal cell repair after contact lens-induced damage was investigated. METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify the nutrient contents of minimum essential medium, and the MTT assay was used to measure the viability of corneal cells. A Statens Seruminstitut rabbit cornea cellular model was established to simulate contact lens-induced keratopathy and investigate the effects of vitamin and amino acid supplementations on corneal cell repair. RESULTS The high water content lens group (78%) has a cell viability as high as 83.3%, whereas the cell viability of the low water content lens group (38%) is only 51.6%. The 32.0% difference between the two groups confirms the correlation between water content of lens and corneal viability. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin B2, vitamin B12, asparagine, and taurine supplementation may help improve contact lens-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hsin Chang
- R&D Center (W.-H.C., M.-C.T., P.-Y.L., C.-J.L.), Yung Sheng Optical Co, Taichung, Taiwan; and Department of Chemistry (Y.-H.H.H.), Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abdolalizadeh P, Karimi M, Latifi G, Nouri L, Hashemian MN, Hashemian H, Mehrpour M, Alipour F. Role of Different Types of Contact Lenses in Epithelial Thickness. Eye Contact Lens 2022; 48:210-216. [PMID: 35333790 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential role of different types of contact lenses, such as soft (SCL), hard (HCL), and mini scleral (SCCL), in corneal epithelial thickness with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, patients who used contact lens at recent 6 months were recruited consecutively from September 2019 to October 2019, and the epithelial thicknesses of the cornea were obtained by AS-OCT and compared with control subjects who did not use contact lens. RESULTS In total, 184 eyes (115 subjects) were included; of them, 75 eyes were keratoconic (KCN) and 109 eyes were nonkeratoconic (non-KCN). Twenty eyes in KCN and 79 eyes of non-KCN group had no history of contact lens use and were included for comparison with KCN and non-KCN contact lens users, respectively. Mean duration of contact lens wearing was 75.63±50.42 months. The epithelial thickness of non-KCN SCL group was thinner than that of non-KCN control subjects all over the cornea, whereas the epithelium of non-KCN HCL was thinner at central site as well as nasal and temporal paracentral and midperipheral areas. Epithelial thickness of the KCN HCL group was not different from the KCN control subjects in all sectors. The KCN SCCL group had thinner epithelium at nearly all peripheral sectors as well as inferior, inferotemporal, inferonasal, and nasal midperipheral sectors compared with KCN control subjects. CONCLUSION The corneal epithelium was thinner at the peripheral zones in KCN SCCL users; at both peripheral and central zones in non-KCN SCL users and in central zones in non-KCN HCL users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parya Abdolalizadeh
- Eye and Skull Base Research Centers (P.A.), The Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; and Eye Research Center (M.K., G.L., L.N., M.-N.H., H.H., M.M., F.A.), Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Yang X, Xu Y, Luo B, Qian Y. Effects of long-term soft contact lens wear on corneal epithelial thickness after small incision lenticule extraction. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:8. [PMID: 34815760 PMCID: PMC8593870 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated changes in corneal epithelial thickness after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in patients with long-term preoperative soft contact lens (SCL) wear, the impact of SCL wear on the efficacy of surgical outcomes and the effects of long-term SCL wear on postoperative corneal aberrations. Patients were assigned to three groups according to the duration of SCL wear: Group A, the non-SCL-wearing group; group B, those with SCL wear ≤1 year; and group C, those with SCL wear >1 year. Epithelial thickness was recorded in nine zones by anterior segment optical coherence tomography across a 5-mm diameter before surgery and at 1 week, and 1, 3 and 6 months post-surgery. Corneal epithelial thickness and corneal aberrations among the three groups were compared, as well as the effects of changes in corneal epithelial thickness on postoperative visual acuity and manifest refraction. No significant differences were noted with regard to age or preoperative spherical equivalent among groups A (22 eyes), B (17 eyes) and C (18 eyes). Preoperative corneal epithelial thickness in the inferonasal, inferior and inferotemporal zones was thinner in group B compared with that in group A, and corneal epithelial thickness was thinner in all nine zones in group C compared with that in group A (P<0.05). At all follow-up time points, in the central, nasal, inferonasal, inferior, inferotemporal and temporal areas, the epithelial thickness was thinner in group C compared with that in group A (P<0.05). At 3 months postoperatively, the epithelial thickness was thinner in the inferonasal and inferior sectors in group C compared with that in group B (P<0.05), and at 6 months postoperatively, the epithelial thickness in the inferior region was thinner in group C compared with that in group B (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in visual acuity or manifest refraction among the three groups at all postoperative time points. The total higher-order aberrations were greater in group C compared with those in group A for all time points (P<0.05) and were greater in group C at 1 and 3 months postoperatively compared with those in group B (P<0.05). The spherical aberrations at 3 and 6 months postoperatively were greater in group C compared with those in group A (P<0.05). The coma aberrations were greater in group C compared with those in groups A and B for all time points (P<0.05). In conclusion, long-term SCL wear will result in corneal epithelial thinning, which does not impact visual acuity or manifest refraction after SMILE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital (Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital (Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215100, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Baogen Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Valdes G, Romaguera M, Serramito M, Cerviño A, Gonzalo Carracedo G. OCT applications in contact lens fitting. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 45:101540. [PMID: 34799247 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive, high-speed, high-resolution imaging technology based in the Michaelson interferometry. A near-infrared light beam is used to register the intensity variations for the light backscattered on each sample layer. Due to the high repeatability on corneal measurements, spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) is the gold standard when talking about in vivo, non-invasive anterior segment imaging. Changes in the morphology of various ocular surfaces such as the cornea, conjunctiva, limbus or tear film with soft (SCL), rigid, corneal or scleral lens (SL) wear can be described by OCT measurements. For instance, evaluation of the corneoscleral region is essential on SL fitting. For orthokeratology lenses central epithelial thinning and peripheral thickening and their regression could be quantified with OCT after Ortho-K lens wear. Blood vessel compression on the landing zone as well as vault thickness and fluid reservoir (FR) turbidity could be imaged with OCT. Tear film evaluation on contact lens wearers is essential because its use could lead to variations on the biochemical components in tears. Changes in tear meniscus dynamics and several parameters such as volume (TMV), tear meniscus height (HMT) and turbidity could be determined with OCT and positively correlated with the instillation of different ophthalmic solutions with Non-Invasive Break Up Time (NIBUT) and Schirmer test values. This manuscript shows the increasing applicability of OCT technology for the in vivo characterization of contact lens fitting and interaction with the ocular surface in a faster, safer and non-invasive way. Future research will still allow exploring OCT imaging to its full potential in contact lens practice, as there is still a significant amount of information contained in the images that are not yet easy to extract, analyze and give clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Valdes
- Ocupharm Research Group, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Romaguera
- Ocupharm Research Group, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Serramito
- Ocupharm Research Group, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cerviño
- Optometry Research Group, Department of Optics, Optometry and Vision Sciences, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - G Gonzalo Carracedo
- Ocupharm Research Group, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Sánchez-Tena MÁ, Martinez-Perez C, Villa-Collar C, Alvarez-Peregrina C. Long-term effect of contact lens wear: A citation network study. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 45:101527. [PMID: 34732300 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact lenses can cause complications in 2/3 of the total population, but in most cases, they are mild and easy to manage. However, most of the studies are short-term. The aim of the study was to analyze the publications on the long-term effects of contact lens wear to understand the current research landscape through the analysis of dating networks as well as determining the different research areas and the most cited publications. METHODS The Web of Science database was used to perform the publication search, looking for the terms "Long-term" AND "contact lens wear" within the period between 1977 and January 2021. The CitNetExplorer and CiteSpace software were then used to conduct the publication analysis. To obtain the graphics, the VOSviewer software was used. RESULTS A total of 721 publications were found with 2999 citations generated within the network. The year 2010 was singled out as a "key year", considering the number of publications that emerged in that year and increase in adaptations of contact lens worldwide. The most widely cited publication was "Effects of long-term extended contact lens wear on the human cornea", an article by Holden et al., which was published in 1985. By using the clustering function, we were able to establish three clusters that encompassed the different research areas within this field: morphological changes, the loss of corneal sensitivity, tear film characteristics and longitudinal changes in ocular physiology. CONCLUSIONS The main research topic in this field focuses on the morphological changes that take place in the corneal endothelial cell layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Tena
- Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; ISEC LISBOA - Instituto Superior de Educação e Ciências, 1750-179 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Clara Martinez-Perez
- ISEC LISBOA - Instituto Superior de Educação e Ciências, 1750-179 Lisboa, Portugal; Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cesar Villa-Collar
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Alvarez-Peregrina
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón Madrid, Spain.
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Stachura J, Mlyniuk P, Bloch W, Jimenez-Villar A, Grulkowski I, Kaluzny BJ. Shape of the anterior surface of the cornea after extended wear of silicone hydrogel soft contact lenses. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2021; 41:683-690. [PMID: 33945648 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure geometrical changes in the anterior surface of the cornea after wearing silicon hydrogel (SiH) soft contact lenses continuously for 1 week. METHODS Forty-three eyes with 3.0D of myopia and 22 eyes with 3.0D of hyperopia were enrolled in the prospective, interventional study. All subjects underwent a general eye examination, corneal tomography with wavefront aberration analysis, corneal thickness measurements and epithelial thickness mapping before and after wearing SiH lenses (Acuvue Oasys) for 7 days. RESULTS No significant changes in average keratometry were observed in either refractive group. In the myopic group, keratometry findings for the flat meridian (K1) and central corneal thickness decreased significantly. After +3.0 D lens wear in the hyperopic group, a significant decrease in epithelial thickness up to 3.19 µm was observed in the central and paracentral cornea, (p < 0.001). In both refractive groups, the largest epithelial thickness increase was seen in the periphery. A decrease in spherical aberration was noted in myopic eyes, while an increase of both higher order corneal aberrations and coma was found in hyperopic subjects. CONCLUSION Extended wear of SiH lenses results in a significant change in epithelial thickness leading to alteration in the geometry of the anterior surface of the cornea, particularly in hyperopic patients. These epithelial thickness variations lead to changes in the higher order aberrations of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Stachura
- Division of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Patryk Mlyniuk
- Division of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Waldemar Bloch
- Division of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alfonso Jimenez-Villar
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Grulkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej J Kaluzny
- Division of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Interaction of MTHFR C677T polymorphism with smoking in susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in Chinese men with type 2 diabetes. J Hum Genet 2018; 64:23-28. [PMID: 30397262 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-018-0531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the interaction of MTHFR C677T polymorphism (rs1801133) with smoking in susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy (DN) in Chinese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We studied 655 Chinese men with T2DM, who were divided into two groups (321 with DN and 334 without DN). The genotype of MTHFR C677T polymorphism was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. MTHFR TT genotype carried a higher risk of DN compared with the CC genotype (OR = 2.05; P = 0.002). The T allele showed marked association with DN development in patients who smoked, using additive, recessive, and dominant models (OR = 1.60, 1.83, and 1.88, respectively; P = 0.006, 0.002, and 0.04, respectively), which was not observed in the nonsmoking group. Patients with TT and CT genotypes, who smoked had a higher risk of DN compared with the control group (non-smoking with CC genotype; OR = 3.73 and 2.28, respectively; P < 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively), whereas the other groups were not observed. In conclusion, the T allele of rs1801133 may be a risk factor for DN in Chinese men with T2DM, and synergy appears to exist between the MTHFR rs1801133 and smoking in susceptibility to DN.
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Refractive Errors & Refractive Surgery Preferred Practice Pattern®. Ophthalmology 2018; 125:P1-P104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Ma Y, He X, Zhu X, Lu L, Zhu J, Zou H. Corneal Epithelium Thickness Profile in 614 Normal Chinese Children Aged 7-15 Years Old. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23482. [PMID: 27004973 PMCID: PMC4804327 DOI: 10.1038/srep23482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to describe the values and distribution of corneal epithelium thickness (CET) in normal Chinese school-aged children, and to explore associated factors with CET. CET maps were measured by Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) in normal Chinese children aged 7 to 15 years old from two randomly selected schools in Shanghai, China. Children with normal intraocular pressure were further examined for cycloplegic autorefraction, corneal curvature radius (CCR) and axial length. Central (2-mm diameter area), para-central (2- to 5-mm diameter area), and peripheral (5- to 6-mm diameter area) CET in the superior, superotemporal, temporal, inferotemporal, inferior, inferonasal, nasal, superonasal cornea; minimum, maximum, range, and standard deviation of CET within the 5-mm diameter area were recorded. The CET was thinner in the superior than in the inferior and was thinner in the temporal than in the nasal. The maximum CET was located in the inferior zone, and the minimum CET was in the superior zone. A thicker central CET was associated with male gender (p = 0.009) and older age (p = 0.037) but not with CCR (p = 0.061), axial length (p = 0.253), or refraction (p = 0.351) in the multiple regression analyses. CCR, age, and gender were correlated with para-central and peripheral CET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyan Ma
- Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention &Treatment Center, No. 380 KangDing Road, Shanghai 200040, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 100 HaiNing Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiangui He
- Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention &Treatment Center, No. 380 KangDing Road, Shanghai 200040, China.,Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No. 130 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 100 HaiNing Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Lina Lu
- Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention &Treatment Center, No. 380 KangDing Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention &Treatment Center, No. 380 KangDing Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Haidong Zou
- Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention &Treatment Center, No. 380 KangDing Road, Shanghai 200040, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 100 HaiNing Road, Shanghai 200080, China
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Erşan İ, Kara S, Arıkan S, Gencer B, Tufan HA. The Effects of Gender, Age, and Refractive Error on Corneal and Conjunctival Epithelial and Overall Thicknesses. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.5799/jcei.328687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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