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Montemari AL, Manco M, Fiocchi AG, Bartoli M, Facchiano F, Tabolacci C, Scatigna M, Ciciriello F, Alghisi F, Montemitro E, Carsetti R, Lucidi V, Fiscarelli EV. An inflammatory Signature of Glucose Impairment in Cystic Fibrosis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5677-5685. [PMID: 36238762 PMCID: PMC9553277 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s365772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective and Design Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a severe complication associated with increased morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Extensive inflammatory state in CF leads to pancreas damage and insulin resistance with consequent altered glucose tolerance and CFRD development. The aim of the present study was to identify circulating levels of inflammatory markers specifically associated with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and overt CFRD in a sample of young adults with CF. Materials and Methods Sixty-four CF outpatients, without evident active pulmonary exacerbation, infectious and autoimmune diseases, were enrolled in the study and the levels of 45 inflammatory serum mediators were measured through x magnetic bead panel multiplex technology. Results Serum levels of PDGF-AA, CCL20/MIP3α, IFNα, CCL11/eotaxin, CXCL1/GROα, GMCSF, B7H1/PDL1, IL13, IL7, VEGF, and TGFα were all significantly (p<0.05) elevated in patients according to glycemic status and directly correlated with glycated hemoglobin and C-reactive protein levels. Conclusion Our findings suggest that increased levels of specific circulating inflammatory mediators are directly associated with impaired glucose tolerance in CF patients, thus, potentially implicating them in CFRD pathogenesis and warranting larger longitudinal studies to validate their monitoring as predictor of CFRD onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lisa Montemari
- UOS Cystic Fibrosis Diagnostic, UOC Microbiology and Immunology Diagnostic, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Melania Manco
- Research Area for Multifactorial Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Correspondence: Melania Manco, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, Rome, Italy, Tel +39 06 6859 2649, Fax +39 06 6859 2904, Email
| | | | - Manuela Bartoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Francesco Facchiano
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Tabolacci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Scatigna
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Fabiana Ciciriello
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Pediatrics Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Alghisi
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Pediatrics Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enza Montemitro
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Pediatrics Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Carsetti
- Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Department of Laboratories, B Cell Pathophysiology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzina Lucidi
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Pediatrics Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ersilia Vita Fiscarelli
- UOS Cystic Fibrosis Diagnostic, UOC Microbiology and Immunology Diagnostic, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Arrigo A, Bandello F. Molecular Features of Classic Retinal Drugs, Retinal Therapeutic Targets and Emerging Treatments. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071102. [PMID: 34371793 PMCID: PMC8309124 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of exudative retinal diseases underwent a revolution due to the introduction of intravitreal treatments. There are two main classes of intravitreal drugs, namely anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGF) and corticosteroids molecules. The clinical course and the outcome of retinal diseases radically changed thanks to the efficacy of these molecules in determining the regression of the exudation and the restoration of the macular profile. In this review, we described the molecular features of classic retinal drugs, highlighting the main therapeutic targets, and we provided an overview of new emerging molecules. We performed a systematic review of the current literature available in the MEDLINE library, focusing on current intravitreal molecules and on new emerging therapies. The anti-VEGF molecules include Bevacizumab, Pegaptanib, Ranibizumab, Aflibercept, Conbercept, Brolucizumab, Abicipar-pegol and Faricimab. The corticosteroids approach is mainly based on the employment of triamcinolone acetonide, dexamethasone and fluocinolone acetonide molecules. Many clinical trials and real-life reports demonstrated their efficacy in exudative retinal diseases, highlighting differences in terms of molecular targeting and pharmacologic profiles. Furthermore, several new molecules are currently under investigation. Intravitreal drugs focus their activity on a wide range of therapeutic targets and are safe and efficacy in managing retinal diseases.
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