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Blatt J, Brondon JE, Nieman EL, Phillips K, Pandya A. Repurposing of antiangiogenic agents for treatment of vascular anomalies. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 250:108520. [PMID: 37625520 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Vascular anomalies (VA) are developmental anomalies of veins, arteries, lymphatics or capillaries thought to be caused by mutations in genes that drive angiogenesis. Treatments targeting these genes are limited. We review the literature for conventional medications and products from traditional medicine cultures that have been found to have antiangiogenic activity. Fewer than 50 drugs with credible human activity in VA were identified and include β blockers, monoclonal antibodies, microtubule inhibitors, multi-kinase inhibitors, PIK3CA- and RAS-MAPK pathway inhibitors, and thalidomides. Other drug categories of potential interest are ACE-inhibitors, antifungals, antimalarials, MMP9-inhibitors, and over-the-counter compounds used in Eastern traditional medicine. Low toxicity for some offers the possibility of combined use with known effective agents. In addition to already familiar drugs, others with antiangiogenic capabilities already in use in children or adults may deserve further attention for repurposing for VA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Blatt
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, and the Lineberger Clinical Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Brondon
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, and the Lineberger Clinical Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Nieman
- Department of Dermatology, Univerity of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kynlon Phillips
- The Department of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Arti Pandya
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Okuno K, Pratama MY, Li J, Tokunaga M, Wang X, Kinugasa Y, Goel A. Ginseng mediates its anticancer activity by inhibiting the expression of DNMTs and reactivating methylation-silenced genes in colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2023; 44:394-403. [PMID: 37137336 PMCID: PMC10414140 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing safe and effective therapeutic modalities remains a critical challenge for improving the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). In this regard, targeting epigenetic regulation in cancers has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic approach. Since several natural compounds have recently been shown to be important epigenetic modulators, we hypothesized that Ginseng might exert its anticancer activity by regulating DNA methylation alterations in CRC. In this study, a series of cell culture studies were conducted, followed by their interrogation in patient-derived 3D organoid models to evaluate Ginseng's anticancer activity in CRC. Genome-wide methylation alterations were interrogated by undertaking MethylationEpic BeadChip microarrays. First, 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were determined by cell viability assays, and subsequent Ginseng treatment demonstrated a significant anticancer effect on clonogenicity and cellular migration in CRC cells. Treatment with Ginseng potentiated cellular apoptosis through regulation of apoptosis-related genes in CRC cells. Furthermore, Ginseng treatment downregulated the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and decreased the global DNA methylation levels in CRC cells. The genome-wide methylation profiling identified Ginseng-induced hypomethylation of transcriptionally silenced tumor suppressor genes. Finally, cell culture-based findings were successfully validated in patient-derived 3D organoids. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Ginseng exerts its antitumorigenic potential by regulating cellular apoptosis via the downregulation of DNMTs and reversing the methylation status of transcriptionally silenced genes in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Okuno
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Biomedical Research Center, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Muhammad Yogi Pratama
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Biomedical Research Center, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Biomedical Research Center, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 518057, China
| | - Masanori Tokunaga
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 518057, China
| | - Yusuke Kinugasa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Biomedical Research Center, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Kim J, Yun Y, Huh J, Um Y, Shim D. Comparative transcriptome analysis on wild-simulated ginseng of different age revealed possible mechanism of ginsenoside accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107870. [PMID: 37442050 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Panax ginseng is one of the most famous pharmaceutical plants in Asia. Ginseng plants grown in mountain have longer longevity which ensures higher accumulation of ginsenoside components than those grown in farms. However, wild-simulated ginseng over certain age cannot be easily distinguished in morphology. To identify transcriptomic mechanism of ginsenoside accumulation in older wild-simulated ginseng without large phenotype change, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis for leaf, shoot, and root tissues of 7-yr-old and 13yr-old wild-simulated ginseng. Of 559 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in comparison between 7-yr-old and 13yr-old wild-simulated ginseng, 280 leaf-, 103 shoot-, and 164 root-mainly expressing genes were found to be changed in transcript level according to age. Functional analysis revealed that pentose-phosphate shunt and abscisic acid responsive genes were up-regulated in leaf tissues of 7-yr-old ginseng while defense responsive genes were up-regulated in root tissues of 13-yr-old ginseng. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that jasmonic acid responsive genes, ERDL6, and some UGTs were up-regulated in 13-yr-old ginseng in higher order lateral root tissues. These data suggest that bacterial stimulation in mountain region can enhance the expression of several genes which might support minor ginsenoside biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewook Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongbae Yun
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, Gyeongbuk 36040, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Huh
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, Gyeongbuk 36040, Republic of Korea
| | - Yurry Um
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, Gyeongbuk 36040, Republic of Korea.
| | - Donghwan Shim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea; Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea.
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Lee D, Kim R, Son SR, Kim JY, Choi S, Kang KS, Jang DS. Inhibitory effect of ginsenglactone A from Panax ginseng on the tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and migration of human ovarian cancer cells. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:246-254. [PMID: 36926606 PMCID: PMC10014176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Here, we aimed to assess the inhibitory effect of a new compound from Panax ginseng on the migration of human ovarian cancer cells and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods A new compound, ginsenglactone A (1), was isolated from ginseng roots, together with seven known compounds (2-8). Spectroscopic data were used to elucidate the chemical structure of 1. The tubular structure formation in HUVECs was assessed by Mayer's hematoxylin staining. The migration of A2780 cells was evaluated using the scratch wound healing assay. Results HUVECs treated with 1 had the statistically significant decrease in tubular structure formation compared to the HUVECs treated with compounds 2-8. This effect was enhanced by co-treatment with inhibitors for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) (LY294002) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) (U0126). Treatment with 1 decreased the expression of phosphorylation of ERK, PI3K, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2 (VEGFR2), Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In addition, the ability of A2780 cells to cover the scratched area were also decreased. This effect was enhanced by co-treatment with U0126. Lastly, treatment with 1 decreased the phosphorylation of ERK, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and MMP-2. Conclusion These results suggest that ginsenglactone A is a potential inhibitor of HUVEC tubular structure formation and A2780 cellular migration, which may be helpful for understanding its anticancer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ranhee Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ri Son
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyoul Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Asma ST, Acaroz U, Imre K, Morar A, Shah SRA, Hussain SZ, Arslan-Acaroz D, Demirbas H, Hajrulai-Musliu Z, Istanbullugil FR, Soleimanzadeh A, Morozov D, Zhu K, Herman V, Ayad A, Athanassiou C, Ince S. Natural Products/Bioactive Compounds as a Source of Anticancer Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246203. [PMID: 36551687 PMCID: PMC9777303 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major deadly diseases globally. The alarming rise in the mortality rate due to this disease attracks attention towards discovering potent anticancer agents to overcome its mortality rate. The discovery of novel and effective anticancer agents from natural sources has been the main point of interest in pharmaceutical research because of attractive natural therapeutic agents with an immense chemical diversity in species of animals, plants, and microorganisms. More than 60% of contemporary anticancer drugs, in one form or another, have originated from natural sources. Plants and microbial species are chosen based on their composition, ecology, phytochemical, and ethnopharmacological properties. Plants and their derivatives have played a significant role in producing effective anticancer agents. Some plant derivatives include vincristine, vinblastine, irinotecan, topotecan, etoposide, podophyllotoxin, and paclitaxel. Based on their particular activity, a number of other plant-derived bioactive compounds are in the clinical development phase against cancer, such as gimatecan, elomotecan, etc. Additionally, the conjugation of natural compounds with anti-cancerous drugs, or some polymeric carriers particularly targeted to epitopes on the site of interest to tumors, can generate effective targeted treatment therapies. Cognizance from such pharmaceutical research studies would yield alternative drug development strategies through natural sources which could be economical, more reliable, and safe to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Tasmia Asma
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
| | - Ulas Acaroz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
- ACR Bio Food and Biochemistry Research and Development, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
| | - Kálmán Imre
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +40-2-5627-7186
| | - Adriana Morar
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Syed Rizwan Ali Shah
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
| | - Syed Zajif Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Damla Arslan-Acaroz
- ACR Bio Food and Biochemistry Research and Development, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
| | - Hayri Demirbas
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar 03030, Turkey
| | - Zehra Hajrulai-Musliu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Fatih Ramazan Istanbullugil
- Department of Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek KG-720038, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Ali Soleimanzadeh
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Dmitry Morozov
- Department of Epizootology and Infectious Diseases, Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, 210026 Vitebsk, Belarus
| | - Kui Zhu
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Viorel Herman
- Department of Infectious Disease and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Abdelhanine Ayad
- Department of Physical Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Christos Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agriculture Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Sinan Ince
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
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