Gomisin M2 alleviates psoriasis‑like skin inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways

Exploring acemannan-loaded nanogel formulation for the treatment of IMQ-induced psoriasis-like inflammation: In vitro characterization and in vivo efficacy assessment

This study aimed to explore a nanogel formulation containing acemannan as a carrier for the treatment of psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Several acemannan concentrations, such as F1 (2.5 %) and F2 (5 %), were used to prepare the nanogel formulation by homogenization. The formulation was then assessed for in-vitro performance. Four groups of animals were randomly assigned to the animals: Cluster I consisted of normal saline control; Cluster II was assigned Imiquimod (IMQ) control (5 %); Cluster III was assigned IMQ + 2.5 % acemannan (F1); and Cluster IV was assigned IMQ + 5 % acemannan (F2). The effectiveness of the gel in the in vivo study was evaluated in terms of body weight, scaly skin, skin redness, inflammation, patches, moisturizing effect, pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, and histopathological examination. The prepared nanogel possessed the desired characteristics in terms of in vitro evaluation parameters. The average particle size was around 199.6 nm, with a polydispersibility index (PDI) of 0.338 and a zeta potential of -65.9 mV. The nanogel formulation significantly (P < 0.05) regulated in vivo performance, including redness, scaly skin, inflammation, patches, moisturizing effect, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and nitric oxide. The histopathological findings suggested that acemannan was effective in rejuvenating the affected skin.

FOSL1 regulates hyperproliferation and NLRP3-mediated inflammation of psoriatic keratinocytes through the NF-kB signaling via transcriptionally activating TRAF3

Psoriasis is a common and immune-mediated skin disease related to keratinocytes hyperproliferation and inflammation. Fos-like antigen-1 (FOSL1) is an important transcription factor involved in various diseases. FOSL1 has been reported to be differentially expressed in psoriasis. However, the roles and mechanism of FOSL1 in psoriasis progression remain largely unknown. FOSL1 is an upregulated transcription factor in psoriasis and increased in M5-treated HaCaT cells. FOSL1 had a diagnostic value in psoriasis, and positively associated with PASI score, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in psoriasis patients. FOSL1 silencing attenuated M5-induced HaCaT cell hyperproliferation through decreasing cell viability and proliferative ability and increasing cell apoptosis. FOSL1 knockdown mitigated M5-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and it-mediated inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-8 and CCL17) expression. TRAF3 expression was increased in psoriasis patients and M5-treated HaCaT cells. FOSL1 transcriptionally activating TRAF3 in HaCaT cells. TRAF3 overexpression reversed the suppressive effects of FOSL1 silencing on M5-induced hyperproliferation and NLRP3-mediated inflammation. FOSL1 knockdown attenuated M5-induced NF-κB signaling activation by reducing TRAF3. Activation of NF-κB signaling reversed the effects of FOSL1 knockdown on hyperproliferation and inflammation in M5-treated cells. FOSL1 silencing prevented M5-induced hyperproliferation and NLRP3-mediated inflammation of keratinocytes by inhibiting TRAF3-mediated NF-κB activity, indicating FOSL1 might act as a therapeutic target of psoriasis.

Extracts from Seseli mairei Wolff attenuate imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation by inhibiting Th17 cells

Objective

Seseli mairei Wolff extracts (SMWE) are widely used to treat psoriasis as a Chinese medicine, but their effect and mechanism are unclear. This study verified the effect of SMWE on psoriasis by regulating Th17 cells.

Methods

HaCaT cells were treated with IL-17A in vitro to evaluate the effect of SMWE on psoriasis. In vivo, the mice psoriasis model was established using imiquimod (IMQ, 62.5 mg/d), and intragastrically treated with the different drugs for six days. The severity of skin inflammation was evaluated with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores and pathology. The levels of inflammation cytokines were assessed with immunofluorescence, immunochemistry, ELISA, and real-time PCR. The number of Th17 cells was determined with flows.

Results

SMWE inhibited the proliferation of HaCaT cells and reduced the IL-17A-induced IL-6 production in vitro. In vivo, SMWE deduced the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, IL-23, and TNF-α, while increasing the level of IL-10 compared to the model group. SMWE also inhibited the levels of NF-κB, JAK2, and STAT3 proteins, while declining the expressions of Gr-1, and MPO. Interestingly, SMWE significantly decreased the number of Th17 cells.

Conclusion

SMWE inhibited the proliferation of HaCaT cells and attenuated the development of psoriasis lesions by inhibiting Th17 cells to regulate the levels of inflammation cytokines.

Targeting deregulated oxidative stress in skin inflammatory diseases: An update on clinical importance

Skin, the largest vital organ of the human body, provides the first line of defense against biological, non-biological and xenobiotics exposure. Over the years, due to increased anthropogenic activities including industrialization and pollution, a steep increase in cutaneous pathological conditions such as malignancies, dermatitis, and psoriasis has been detected. Indeed, due to the complex nature of cutaneous inflammatory diseases, further investigations are required to produce a better outcome in patient care. However, research obtained over the last few decades has revolutionized the understanding of cutaneous disease pathogenesis and therapeutic developments. In this line, increasing data from pre-clinical and clinical studies implicates the crucial role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis and complications of cutaneous inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Taking into consideration the current challenge, this review aims to highlight the novel updates exploring reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced mechanistic signaling mechanisms in conjunction with pathways converging towards atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Additionally, an exploration of the clinical importance of natural products for management of cutaneous diseases has been included. Overall, this review highlights the therapeutic importance of targeting oxidative stress in the pathogenesis, symptoms, and complications of inflammatory diseases of the skin.