SNHG5 knockdown alleviates neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury via sponging miR‑142‑5p and regulating the expression of CAMK2A

LncRNAs Orchestrating Neuroinflammation: A Comprehensive Review

CNS diseases account for a major part of the comorbidity and mortality of the human population; moreover, neuroinflammation has become an indication for different CNS diseases, for instance, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Microglia and astrocytes are the two main glial cells that can be found in the CNS. Each of these plays an important role in mediating immune responses like inflammation. There are many studies suggesting the role of LncRNAs in mediating neuroinflammation. Indeed, LncRNAs orchestrate neuroinflammation through various mechanisms, namely miRNA sponge, and transcriptional activation/inhibition. In addition, LncRNAs regulate different downstream pathways like NF-κB, and PI3K/AKT. In this study, we gathered the existing studies regarding the mechanisms of action of LncRNAs in the pathogenesis of different CNS diseases like neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic injuries through regulating neuroinflammation. We aim to elaborate on the regulatory roles of LncRNAs in neuroinflammation and bring a more profound understanding of the etiology of CNS diseases in terms of neuroinflammation.

MicroRNAs modulate CaMKIIα/SIRT1 signaling pathway as a biomarker of cognitive ability in adolescents

The dynamic regulation of synaptic plasticity underlies memory formation, involving intricate signaling pathways with both facilitatory and inhibitory roles. MicroRNAs are emerging modulators of memory processes through their fine-tuning of gene expression. To explore the influence of miRNAs on adolescent cognitive function, we investigated the association between academic performance, cognitive ability as measured by the Inquiry for Scientific Thinking, Analytics, and Reasoning test, and plasma miRNA profiling in 486 senior high school students. Our analysis identified 38 differentially expressed miRNAs between students with high and low academic performance. Notably, miR-219 b/548e/628/885 and miR-30a/30c-1/195/204 potentially targeted genes associated with the CaMKII/SIRT1 signaling pathway, a crucial facilitator of memory consolidation. Collectively, our findings suggest that specific plasma miRNAs, particularly the CaMKII/SIRT1-related miR-30a/30c-1/195/204 cluster, potentially serve as promising biomarkers for cognitive function in adolescents. Our findings further support the proposed interaction between NF-kB activity and CaMKIIα in regulating synaptic plasticity. Under hypomethylation conditions, increased NF-kB activity, a key component of inflammation and neural plasticity, influences learning and memory. This biological pathway, representing the initiation of epigenetic memory, demonstrates significant predictive power for both cognitive ability and academic performance.

Long noncoding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 facilitates neuropathic pain in spinal nerve injury by promoting SCN9A expression via CDK9

This study aims to explore the functions and mechanisms of long noncoding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 (SNHG5) in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain (NP). An NP rat model was established using the CCI method and the NP severity was evaluated by paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL). The expression of SNHG5, CDK9, and SCN9A was quantified in rat dorsal root ganglion, in addition to the detections of apoptosis, pathological changes, neuron number, and the co-localization of Nav1.7 and cleaved caspase-3 with NeuN. In ND7/23 cells, the apoptosis and lactate dehydrogenase concentration were assessed, as well as the relationship between SNHG5, CDK9, and SCN9A. In the dorsal root ganglion of CCI-treated rats, SNHG5 and SCN9A were upregulated and downregulation of SNHG5 suppressed SCN9A expression, increased the PWT and PWL, blocked neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, and alleviated NP. Mechanistically, SNHG5 recruited CDK9 to enhance SCN9A-encoded Nav1.7 expression and promoted peripheral neuronal apoptosis and injury. In addition, SCN9A overexpression nullified the alleviative effects of SNHG5 deficiency on NP and neuron loss in CCI rats. In conclusion, SNHG5 promotes SCN9A-encoded Nav1.7 expression by recruiting CDK9, thereby facilitating neuron loss and NP after spinal nerve injury, which may offer a promising target for the management of NP.