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Li SY, Wang CY, Zhao JJ, Long CY, Xiao YX, Tang XB, Yuan ZW, Bai YZ. Upregulation of PPPDE1 contributes to anorectal malformations via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway during hindgut development in rats. Exp Cell Res 2021; 402:112574. [PMID: 33794264 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anorectal malformations (ARMs) are among the most prominent deformities of the gastrointestinal tract; however, their precise aetiology remains obscure. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that, in the ARM group, the PPPDE1-positive cells were widely distributed in the hindgut epithelial tissue from GD13 to GD16. Immunofluorescence revealed that most TUNEL-, Bax-, and Cytochrome C (Cyt C)-positive cells overlapped with PPPDE1-positive cells in the urorectal septum (URS). Western blotting and quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed that PPPDE1 levels were significantly higher in the ARM group from GD13 to GD14 (p < 0.05). IEC-6 cells were transfected with PPPDE1 overexpression plasmid/NC (negative control) or si-PPPDE1/si-NC. Flow cytometry analysis and CCK-8 assay (used to detect apoptosis and proliferation, respectively), as well as western blotting, showed that the levels of PPPDE1 were positively correlated with the pro-apoptotic molecules Bax and Cyt C. Accordingly, aberrantly high expression of PPPDE1 caused a spatiotemporal imbalance in foetal rats with ARMs during hindgut development. Therefore, the upregulation of PPPDE1 may promote epithelial apoptosis and reduce proliferation in the hindgut via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. This could affect the fusion of the URS and cloacal membrane, ultimately inhibiting the hindgut development and resulting in ARMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Ying Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Chen Yi Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Jing Jing Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Cai Yun Long
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yun Xia Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xiao Bing Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Zheng Wei Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yu Zuo Bai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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