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Coudray N, Juarez MC, Criscito MC, Quiros AC, Wilken R, Cullison SRJ, Stevenson ML, Doudican NA, Yuan K, Aquino JD, Klufas DM, North JP, Yu SS, Murad F, Ruiz E, Schmults CD, Tsirigos A, Carucci JA. Self-supervised artificial intelligence predicts recurrence, metastasis and disease specific death from primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma at diagnosis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3607399. [PMID: 38168253 PMCID: PMC10760225 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3607399/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is responsible for ~10,000 deaths annually in the United States. Stratification of risk of poor outcome (PO) including recurrence, metastasis and disease specific death (DSD) at initial biopsy would significantly impact clinical decision-making during the initial post operative period where intervention has been shown to be most effective. In this multi-institutional study, we developed a state-of-the-art self-supervised deep-learning approach with interpretability power and demonstrated its ability to predict poor outcomes of cSCCs at the time of initial biopsy. By highlighting histomorphological phenotypes, our approach demonstrates that poor differentiation and deep invasion correlate with poor prognosis. Our approach is particularly efficient at defining poor outcome risk in Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) T2a and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T2 cSCCs. This bridges a significant gap in our ability to assess risk among T2a/T2 cSCCs and may be useful in defining patients at highest risk of poor outcome at the time of diagnosis. Early identification of highest-risk patients could signal implementation of more stringent surveillance, rigorous diagnostic work up and identify patients who might best respond to early postoperative adjunctive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Coudray
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle C. Juarez
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maressa C. Criscito
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Reason Wilken
- Department of Dermatology, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Mary L. Stevenson
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole A. Doudican
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ke Yuan
- School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK (Ke Yuan)
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK (Ke Yuan)
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, UK (Ke Yuan)
| | - Jamie D. Aquino
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel M. Klufas
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey P. North
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Siegrid S. Yu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fadi Murad
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Ruiz
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chrysalyne D. Schmults
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John A. Carucci
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Cheng LZ, Huang DL, Tang ZR, Zhang JH, Xiong T, Zhou C, Zhang NX, Fu R, Cheng YX, Wu ZQ. Pharmacological targeting of Axin2 suppresses cell growth and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:3071-3091. [PMID: 37461816 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The scaffold molecule Axin2 is constitutively activated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and functions as a potent promoter of CRC behaviour. Pharmacological targeting of Axin2 may therefore exert a therapeutic effect in patients with CRC. Here, we discovered a potent small-molecule inhibitor of Axin2, based on the mechanism by which Axin2 is regulated post-translationally, and investigated its antitumour effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Compound discovery and its inhibitory action on Axin2 protein were revealed by microscale thermophoresis, in vitro kinase assay, quantitative kinetic assay, immunoblotting/immunoprecipitation, RT-qPCR and cycloheximide pulse-chase assay. Compound antitumour effects and the underlying mechanisms were evaluated in multiple cell-based assays and mouse models. KEY RESULTS We discovered that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) phosphorylates Axin2 at two consensus motifs and coupled Axin2 phosphorylation to its ubiquitination (mediated by the E3 ligase β-Trcp2) and proteasomal degradation. The binding of Axin2 to GSK3β in CRC cells is faint, which enables most of the Axin2 protein to maintain an unphosphorylated status and thereby permits the cells to preserve high levels of Axin2. Importantly, we identified a small-molecule compound CW85319 that enhances Axin2's interaction with GSK3β via forming a high affinity for Axin2. Treatment of CRC cells with CW85319 enhanced Axin2 binding with GSK3β, thereby promoting Axin2 phosphorylation, subsequent ubiquitination, and degradation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CW85319 efficiently suppressed Axin2-driven CRC growth and metastasis, without eliciting side toxicity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that pharmacological targeting of Axin2 by CW85319 may provide therapeutic benefits against certain human cancers, especially CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zhi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan-Ling Huang
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhang-Rui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Nai-Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhao-Qiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Oh Y, Zheng Z, Kim KY, Xu X, Pei M, Oh B, Kim SK, Chung KY, Roh MR. A nomogram combining clinical factors and biomarkers for predicting the recurrence of high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1126. [PMID: 36324094 PMCID: PMC9632077 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although determining the recurrence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is important, currently suggested systems and single biomarkers have limited power for predicting recurrence. Objective In this study, combinations of clinical factors and biomarkers were adapted into a nomogram to construct a powerful risk prediction model. Methods The study included 145 cSCC patients treated with Mohs micrographic surgery. Clinical factors were reviewed, and immunohistochemistry was performed using tumor tissue samples. A nomogram was constructed by combining meaningful clinical factors and protein markers. Results Among the various factors, four clinical factors (tumor size, organ transplantation history, poor differentiation, and invasion into subcutaneous fat) and two biomarkers (Axin2 and p53) were selected and combined into a nomogram. The concordance index (C-index) of the nomogram for predicting recurrence was 0.809, which was higher than that for the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th, AJCC 8th, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Breuninger staging systems in the patient data set. Conclusion A nomogram model that included both clinical factors and biomarkers was much more powerful than previous systems for predicting cSCC recurrence. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10213-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongjoo Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, Korea
| | - Zhenlong Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji City, Jilin Provence, China.,Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Yeol Kim
- Department of Dental Education, BK21 PLuS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiangshu Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji City, Jilin Provence, China.,Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Meiling Pei
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byungho Oh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Kyem Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Yang Chung
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Mi Ryung Roh
- Department of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 63 Gil 20 Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06229, Korea.
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Pei M, Han D, Kim KY, Kim DW, Nam W, Kim HJ, Cho ES, Kim HS, Cha IH, Zhang X. Risk Factors of Microscopically Tumor-Free Surgical Margins for Recurrence and Survival of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:930988. [PMID: 35875099 PMCID: PMC9300840 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.930988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The concept of adequate surgical margins remains controversial in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) surgery. This study aimed to identify surgical margin-related indicators that might impact recurrence and survival of OSCC patients. Materials and Methods Histopathological examination was performed using hematoxylin-eosin-stained surgical margin tissue sections in 235 OSCC patients. Axin2 and Snail expression at the surgical margin was detected by immunohistochemistry. The impact of the Axin2-Snail cascade on tumorigenesis of the immortalized human oral keratinocyte (IHOK) line was investigated in vivo. Results The width and dysplasia of surgical margins were not significantly associated with the outcome of OSCC patients. In a multivariate analysis using variable clinicopathologic factors and with Axin2 and Snail expression as cofactors, higher age (hazard ratio [HR]:1.050; P=0.047), Axin2 (HR:6.883; P=0.014), and Snail abundance (HR:5.663; P=0.009) had independent impacts on worsened overall survival. Similarly, lesion site in retromolar trigone (HR:4.077; P=0.010), upper (HR:4.332; P=0.005) and lower gingiva (HR:3.545; P=0.012), presence of extranodal extension (HR:9.967; P<0.001), perineural invasion (HR:3.627; P=0.024), and Snail abundance (HR:3.587; P<0.001) had independent impacts on worsened recurrence-free survival. Furthermore, Axin2 knockdown induced decreased Snail expression and attenuated tumorigenesis in the IHOK line. Conclusion Histopathological examination of surgical margins may not be reliable to predict OSCC patient outcome. Molecular analysis may provide a more accurate risk assessment of surgical margins in OSCC. In particular, Axin2 and Snail are potential predictive biomarkers for the risk assessment of surgical margins in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Pei
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dawool Han
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Yeol Kim
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Dental Education, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woong Nam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung Jun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunae Sandra Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Ho Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: In-Ho Cha, ; Xianglan Zhang,
| | - Xianglan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: In-Ho Cha, ; Xianglan Zhang,
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Tang X, Sui X, Weng L, Liu Y. SNAIL1: Linking Tumor Metastasis to Immune Evasion. Front Immunol 2021; 12:724200. [PMID: 34917071 PMCID: PMC8669501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.724200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Snail1, a key inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), plays a critical role in tumor metastasis. Its stability is strictly controlled by multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Increasing evidence indicates that methylation and acetylation of Snail1 also affects tumor metastasis. More importantly, Snail1 is involved in tumor immunosuppression by inducing chemokines and immunosuppressive cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, some immune checkpoints potentiate Snail1 expression, such as programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and T cell immunoglobulin 3 (TIM-3). This mini review highlights the pathways and molecules involved in maintenance of Snail1 level and the significance of Snail1 in tumor immune evasion. Due to the crucial role of EMT in tumor metastasis and tumor immunosuppression, comprehensive understanding of Snail1 function may contribute to the development of novel therapeutics for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Xue Sui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Liang Weng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Gerontological Cancer Research, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Imaging of Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yongshuo Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China.,Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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The Expression of Selected Wnt Pathway Members (FZD6, AXIN2 and β-Catenin) in Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061615. [PMID: 34072517 PMCID: PMC8228298 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is well known to be involved in many types of human cancer; however, in veterinary medicine, the investigation of individual Wnt members' expression, and their role in or association with oral tumor pathogenesis, is still underevaluated. We aim to determine the expression pattern of Frizzled-6 (FZD6) as one of the Wnt receptors in two of the most common canine oral neoplastic lesions-canine oral squamous cell carcinoma (COSCC) and canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma (CAA). While COSCC is a malignant tumor with aggressive biological behavior and a tendency to metastasize, CAA is a benign tumor with high local invasiveness. In CAA, the expression of FZD6 was mostly located in the center of the epithelial tumorous tissue, and cells exhibiting features of squamous metaplasia were strongly positive. In well-differentiated COSCC, FZD6 was expressed in the tumorous epithelium as well as the tumorous stroma. There was a negative correlation between cytokeratin expression and FZD6 expression in COSCC, where the central parts of the epithelial tumorous tissue were often FZD6-negative. The non-differentiated COSCC with low expression of cytokeratin exhibited a diffuse FZD6 signal. The invasive front with areas of tumor budding exhibited high FZD6 expression with a loss of cytokeratin expression. Moreover, the expression of β-catenin and AXIN2 was increased in comparison to gingiva. In conclusion, our study revealed significant differences in the expression patterns and the levels of FZD6 between COSCC and CAA, indicating the differential engagement of the Wnt pathway in these tumors.
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Yin S, Lin X. MicroRNA-21 Contributes to Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression via Mediating TIMP3/PI3K/AKT Signaling Axis. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:27-39. [PMID: 33447074 PMCID: PMC7802778 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s275016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though the therapeutic potentials of microRNAs (miRNAs) are extensively explored in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), the concrete function of miR-21 in this disorder has not been thoroughly comprehended. Therein, this work is launched to clarify the miR-21-pivoted mechanism in CSCC from the perspective of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP3) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway. METHODS Microarray-based analysis was utilized to screen out miR-21 with the most up-regulated expression in CSCC tissues. The relation between miR-21 and TIMP3 expression in tissues, and the overall survival of CSCC patients was evaluated. Loss-of-function assays were performed in cells to explore the independent and combined functions of miR-21 and TIMP3 in CSCC cell progression. Mice were injected with miR-21 inhibitor or TIMP3 si for identifying their roles in tumor formation and liver metastasis. The mechanism among miR-21, TIMP3 and PI3K/AKT pathway was interpreted. RESULTS MiR-21 was up-regulated while TIMP3 was down-regulated in CSCC tissues, which were connected with unsatisfactory survival of patients. Down-regulating miR-21 inhibited CSCC cell progression and retarded CSCC tumor formation and metastasis in mice. Silencing of TIMP3 reversed the effects of miR-21 down-regulation on CSCC progression. Besides, down-regulating miR-21 inhibited PI3K/AKT pathway activation in CSCC cells via mediating TIMP3. CONCLUSION It is elucidated that miR-21 depletion impedes CSCC cell invasion and metastasis via enhancing TIMP3 and suppressing PI3K/AKT pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Yin
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Lin
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161000, People’s Republic of China
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