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Lin Z, Wei Y, Yang H. Mg alloys with antitumor and anticorrosion properties for orthopedic oncology: A review from mechanisms to application strategies. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:021504. [PMID: 38638143 PMCID: PMC11026114 DOI: 10.1063/5.0191800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
As a primary malignant bone cancer, osteosarcoma (OS) poses a great threat to human health and is still a huge challenge for clinicians. At present, surgical resection is the main treatment strategy for OS. However, surgical intervention will result in a large bone defect, and some tumor cells remaining around the excised bone tissue often lead to the recurrence and metastasis of OS. Biomedical Mg-based materials have been widely employed as orthopedic implants in bone defect reconstruction, and, especially, they can eradicate the residual OS cells due to the antitumor activities of their degradation products. Nevertheless, the fast corrosion rate of Mg alloys has greatly limited their application scope in the biomedical field, and the improvement of the corrosion resistance will impair the antitumor effects, which mainly arise from their rapid corrosion. Hence, it is vital to balance the corrosion resistance and the antitumor activities of Mg alloys. The presented review systematically discussed the potential antitumor mechanisms of three corrosion products of Mg alloys. Moreover, several strategies to simultaneously enhance the anticorrosion properties and antitumor effects of Mg alloys were also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensheng Lin
- Medical Engineering Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Yuhe Wei
- Department of Medical Equipment, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Huazhe Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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2
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Hu Q, Li Y, Lin Z, Zhang H, Chen H, Chao C, Zhao C. The Molecular Biological Mechanism of Hydrogen Therapy and Its Application in Spinal Cord Injury. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1399-1414. [PMID: 38707612 PMCID: PMC11068043 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s463177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen, which is a novel biomedical molecule, is currently the subject of extensive research involving animal experiments and in vitro cell experiments, and it is gradually being applied in clinical settings. Hydrogen has been proven to possess anti-inflammatory, selective antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects, thus exhibiting considerable protective effects in various diseases. In recent years, several studies have provided preliminary evidence for the protective effects of hydrogen on spinal cord injury (SCI). This paper provides a comprehensive review of the potential molecular biology mechanisms of hydrogen therapy and its application in treating SCI, with an aim to better explore the medical value of hydrogen and provide new avenues for the adjuvant treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an City, Shandong, 271000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingxiao Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an City, Shandong, 271000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaochen Lin
- Hydrogen Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an City, Shandong, 271000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medical Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an City, Shandong, 271000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyue Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medical Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an City, Shandong, 271000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui Chao
- Hydrogen Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an City, Shandong, 271000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanliang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an City, Shandong, 271000, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Zhou W, Zhang J, Chen W, Miao C. Prospects of molecular hydrogen in cancer prevention and treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:170. [PMID: 38555538 PMCID: PMC10982102 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Gas signaling molecules, including carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), have been shown to have cancer therapeutic potential, pointing to a new direction for cancer treatment. In recent years, a series of studies have confirmed that hydrogen (H2), a weakly reductive gas, also has therapeutic effects on various cancers and can mitigate oxidative stress caused by radiation and chemotherapy, reducing tissue damage and immunosuppression to improve prognosis. Meanwhile, H2 also has immunomodulatory effects, inhibiting T cell exhaustion and enhancing T cell anti-tumor function. It is worth noting that human intestinal flora can produce large amounts of H2 daily, which becomes a natural barrier to maintaining the body's resistance to diseases such as tumors. Although the potential anti-tumor mechanisms of H2 are still to be investigated, previous studies have shown that H2 can selectively scavenge highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibit various ROS-dependent signaling pathways in cancer cells, thus inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. The ROS scavenging ability of H2 may also be the underlying mechanism of its immunomodulatory function. In this paper, we review the significance of H2 produced by intestinal flora on the immune homeostasis of the body, the role of H2 in cancer therapy and the underlying mechanisms, and the specific application of H2 to provide new ideas for the comprehensive treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Wankun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China.
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Ghasempour Dabaghi G, Rabiee Rad M, Mohammad-Zamani M, Karimi Shervedani A, Bahrami-Samani F, Heshmat-Ghahdarijani K. The role of coenzyme Q10 as a preventive and therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancers. Curr Probl Cancer 2024; 48:101063. [PMID: 38330781 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Currently, several options are available for the prevention and treatment of cancers; however, many limitations remain with these approaches. Recently, antioxidants have become important preventive and therapeutic alternatives with few adverse events and minimum cost. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally occurring component that performs an anticancer function by reducing oxidative stress. CoQ10 supplementation as an adjuvant therapy offers more progress in the elimination and development of cancers. This review aimed to critically assess and summarize the implication of CoQ10 in cancers, highlighting possible mechanisms, and future directions of research for the standardization of the current regimen for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrdad Rabiee Rad
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Kiyan Heshmat-Ghahdarijani
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Rahmani Alley, Moshtagh Sevom St., Isfahan, Iran.
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5
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Johnsen HM, Hiorth M, Klaveness J. Molecular Hydrogen Therapy-A Review on Clinical Studies and Outcomes. Molecules 2023; 28:7785. [PMID: 38067515 PMCID: PMC10707987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With its antioxidant properties, hydrogen gas (H2) has been evaluated in vitro, in animal studies and in human studies for a broad range of therapeutic indications. A simple search of "hydrogen gas" in various medical databases resulted in more than 2000 publications related to hydrogen gas as a potential new drug substance. A parallel search in clinical trial registers also generated many hits, reflecting the diversity in ongoing clinical trials involving hydrogen therapy. This review aims to assess and discuss the current findings about hydrogen therapy in the 81 identified clinical trials and 64 scientific publications on human studies. Positive indications have been found in major disease areas including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases, central nervous system disorders, infections and many more. The available administration methods, which can pose challenges due to hydrogens' explosive hazards and low solubility, as well as possible future innovative technologies to mitigate these challenges, have been reviewed. Finally, an elaboration to discuss the findings is included with the aim of addressing the following questions: will hydrogen gas be a new drug substance in future clinical practice? If so, what might be the administration form and the clinical indications?
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Affiliation(s)
- Hennie Marie Johnsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands Vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
- Nacamed AS, Oslo Science Park, Guastadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Hiorth
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands Vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jo Klaveness
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands Vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
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Zhang X, Xie F, Ma S, Ma C, Jiang X, Yi Y, Song Y, Liu M, Zhao P, Ma X. Mitochondria: one of the vital hubs for molecular hydrogen's biological functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1283820. [PMID: 38020926 PMCID: PMC10662307 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1283820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a novel antioxidant, a growing body of studies has documented the diverse biological effects of molecular hydrogen (H2) in a wide range of organisms, spanning animals, plants, and microorganisms. Although several possible mechanisms have been proposed, they cannot fully explain the extensive biological effects of H2. Mitochondria, known for ATP production, also play crucial roles in diverse cellular functions, including Ca2+ signaling, regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, proliferation, and lipid transport, while their dysfunction is implicated in a broad spectrum of diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, metabolic disorders, and cancer. This review aims to 1) summarize the experimental evidence on the impact of H2 on mitochondrial function; 2) provide an overview of the mitochondrial pathways underlying the biological effects of H2, and 3) discuss H2 metabolism in eukaryotic organisms and its relationship with mitochondria. Moreover, based on previous findings, this review proposes that H2 may regulate mitochondrial quality control through diverse pathways in response to varying degrees of mitochondrial damage. By combining the existing research evidence with an evolutionary perspective, this review emphasizes the potential hydrogenase activity in mitochondria of higher plants and animals. Finally, this review also addresses potential issues in the current mechanistic study and offers insights into future research directions, aiming to provide a reference for future studies on the mechanisms underlying the action of H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Zhang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwen Ma
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yi
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Song
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Pengxiang Zhao
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Ma
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, China
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7
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Ji P, Yang K, Xu Q, Qin G, Zhu Q, Qian Y, Yao W. Mechanisms and Application of Gas-Based Anticancer Therapies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1394. [PMID: 37895865 PMCID: PMC10609769 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is still one of the major factors threatening public health, with morbidity and mortality rates at the forefront of the world. Clinical drawbacks, such as high toxicity and side effects of drug therapy, and easy recurrence after surgery affect its therapeutic effect. Gas signaling molecules are essential in maintaining biological homeostasis and physiological functions as specific chemical substances for biological information transfer. In recent years, the physiological regulatory functions of gas molecules in the cancer process have been gradually revealed and have shown broad application prospects in tumor therapy. In this paper, standard gas therapies are classified and introduced. Taking H2, CO2, NO, CO, H2S, and SO2 gases as examples, the research progress and application of gas therapies in malignant tumors are mainly introduced in terms of biological characteristics, anticancer mechanisms, and treatment strategies. Finally, the problems and prospects for developing gases as anticancer drugs are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ji
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceutical Chemicals Biologically Manufacturing, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceutical Chemicals Biologically Manufacturing, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceutical Chemicals Biologically Manufacturing, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Guilin Qin
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceutical Chemicals Biologically Manufacturing, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Qianyu Zhu
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceutical Chemicals Biologically Manufacturing, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Ying Qian
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceutical Chemicals Biologically Manufacturing, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Wenshui Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
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8
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Perveen I, Bukhari B, Najeeb M, Nazir S, Faridi TA, Farooq M, Ahmad QUA, Abusalah MAHA, ALjaraedah TY, Alraei WY, Rabaan AA, Singh KKB, Abusalah MAHA. Hydrogen Therapy and Its Future Prospects for Ameliorating COVID-19: Clinical Applications, Efficacy, and Modality. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1892. [PMID: 37509530 PMCID: PMC10377251 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen is renowned as an odorless and colorless gas. The recommendations developed by China suggest that the inhalation of hydrogen molecules is currently advised in COVID-19 pneumonia treatment. The therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogens have been confirmed after numerous clinical trials and animal-model-based experiments, which have expounded that the low molecular weight of hydrogen enables it to easily diffuse and permeate through the cell membranes to produce a variety of biological impacts. A wide range of both chronic and acute inflammatory diseases, which may include sepsis, pancreatitis, respiratory disorders, autoimmune diseases, ischemia-reperfusion damages, etc. may be treated and prevented by using it. H2 can primarily be inoculated through inhalation, by drinking water (which already contains H2), or by administrating the injection of saline H2 in the body. It may play a pivotal role as an antioxidant, in regulating the immune system, in anti-inflammatory activities (mitochondrial energy metabolism), and cell death (apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy) by reducing the formation of excessive reactive O2 species and modifying the transcription factors in the nuclei of the cells. However, the fundamental process of molecular hydrogen is still not entirely understood. Molecular hydrogen H2 has a promising future in therapeutics based on its safety and possible usefulness. The current review emphasizes the antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects of hydrogen molecules along with the underlying principle and fundamental mechanism involved, with a prime focus on the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). This review will also provide strategies and recommendations for the therapeutic and medicinal applications of the hydrogen molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Perveen
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Centre, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Bakhtawar Bukhari
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Centre, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Najeeb
- University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Sumbal Nazir
- School of Zoology, Minhaj University Lahore, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Tallat Anwar Faridi
- University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Centre, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Qurat-Ul-Ain Ahmad
- Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Township Lahore, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Manal Abdel Haleem A Abusalah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Thana' Y ALjaraedah
- Department of Diet Therapy Technology & Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Al-Zarqa 13132, Jordan
| | - Wesal Yousef Alraei
- Department of Diet Therapy Technology & Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Al-Zarqa 13132, Jordan
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kirnpal Kaur Banga Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Mai Abdel Haleem A Abusalah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Al-Zarqa 13132, Jordan
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COQ10B Knockdown Modulates Cell Proliferation, Invasion, Migration, and Apoptosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6247824. [PMID: 35911165 PMCID: PMC9334081 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6247824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive malignant tumor, accounting for more than 90% of esophageal cancers. However, treatments such as surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are unable to achieve ideal clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of COQ10B on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of COQ10B in ESCC and normal tissues and in ESCC cell lines (KYSE-150 and TE-1). MTT assay and flow cytometry were applied to investigate the effects of COQ10B shRNA lentivirus (LV-shCOQ10B) on ESCC cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. The effect of COQ10B silencing on ESCC cell migration and invasion was determined by wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay, respectively. Results The expression of COQ10B mRNA in ESCC tissues was higher than that in surrounding tissues. The decreased COQ10B level in KYSE-150 and TE-1 cells by LV-shCOQ10B could inhibit cell proliferation, promote cell apoptosis, and reduce the ability of invasion and migration (all P < 0.05). Conclusion COQ10B was highly expressed in human ESCC tissues. COQ10B silencing contributed to the inhibition of proliferation, invasion, and migration of ESCC cells and the promotion of cell apoptosis, suggesting COQ10B may be a potential molecular target for the diagnosis and treatment of ESCC.
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He S, Lin Q, Chen J, Ma C, Liu Z, Sun Y, Mao W, Shen D, Wang J. Differential expression of Tim3 protein in colorectal cancer associated with MSI and Braf mutation. Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:441-448. [PMID: 34994395 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tim3 is a negative immune checkpoint molecule and plays a crucial part in tumor-induced immune suppression. Tim3 is a cell surface molecule expressed on T cells marking dysfunctional CD8+ cells in various kinds of cancers. Tim3 expression was mainly reported in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). There are few studies focusing on the expression of Tim3 in tumor cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine Tim3 expression level. The relationships between Tim3 expression in colorectal cancer cells and in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and cilicopathological parameters were statistically analyzed. Tim3 was differentially detected in TILs and in colorectal cancer cells. Positive expression of Tim3 in colorectal cancer cells was associated with tumor location (P=0.001), depth of tumor invasion (P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (P=0.001), TNM stage (P=0.001), MSI (P=0.008), and Braf V600E mutation (P=0.001). On the other hand, positive expression of Tim3 in TILs was only related to depth of tumor invasion (P<0.001). Positive expression of Tim3 in both colorectal cancer cells and TILs was associated with depth of tumor invasion (P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (P=0.002), TNM stage (P=0.002), MSI (P=0.039), and Braf V600E mutation (P=0.009). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that Tim3 expression in colorectal cancer and in TILs was significantly associated with patient overall survival (OS) rate (P=0.039, and 0.001). Tim3 may be a potential prognostic marker and a therapy target for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan He
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Qingfeng Lin
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Chenglong Ma
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Zhili Liu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Yuejun Sun
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Weidong Mao
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Dong Shen
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, China.
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Abstract
Molecular hydrogen exerts biological effects on nearly all organs. It has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects and contributes to the regulation of autophagy and cell death. As the primary organ for gas exchange, the lungs are constantly exposed to various harmful environmental irritants. Short- or long-term exposure to these harmful substances often results in lung injury, causing respiratory and lung diseases. Acute and chronic respiratory diseases have high rates of morbidity and mortality and have become a major public health concern worldwide. For example, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic. An increasing number of studies have revealed that hydrogen may protect the lungs from diverse diseases, including acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we highlight the multiple functions of hydrogen and the mechanisms underlying its protective effects in various lung diseases, with a focus on its roles in disease pathogenesis and clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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12
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Tian Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Fan W, Zhou J, Qiao J, Wei Y. Hydrogen, a Novel Therapeutic Molecule, Regulates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis. Front Physiol 2022; 12:789507. [PMID: 34987419 PMCID: PMC8721893 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.789507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a colorless and odorless gas. Studies have shown that H2 inhalation has the therapeutic effects in many animal studies and clinical trials, and its application is recommended in the novel coronavirus pneumonia treatment guidelines in China recently. H2 has a relatively small molecular mass, which helps it quickly spread and penetrate cell membranes to exert a wide range of biological effects. It may play a role in the treatment and prevention of a variety of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as acute pancreatitis, sepsis, respiratory disease, ischemia reperfusion injury diseases, autoimmunity diseases, etc.. H2 is primarily administered via inhalation, drinking H2-rich water, or injection of H2 saline. It may participate in the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity (mitochondrial energy metabolism), immune system regulation, and cell death (apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis) through annihilating excess reactive oxygen species production and modulating nuclear transcription factor. However, the underlying mechanism of H2 has not yet been fully revealed. Owing to its safety and potential efficacy, H2 has a promising potential for clinical use against many diseases. This review will demonstrate the role of H2 in antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects and its underlying mechanism, particularly in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), providing strategies for the medical application of H2 for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tian
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Tongji University Affiliated East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Tongji University Affiliated East Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yunxi Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Tongji University Affiliated East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Tongji University Affiliated East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji University Affiliated East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Youzhen Wei
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Tongji University Affiliated East Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Molecular Hydrogen as a Novel Antitumor Agent: Possible Mechanisms Underlying Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168724. [PMID: 34445428 PMCID: PMC8395776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
While many antitumor drugs have yielded unsatisfactory therapeutic results, drugs are one of the most prevalent therapeutic measures for the treatment of cancer. The development of cancer largely results from mutations in nuclear DNA, as well as from those in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Molecular hydrogen (H2), an inert molecule, can scavenge hydroxyl radicals (·OH), which are known to be the strongest oxidizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body that causes these DNA mutations. It has been reported that H2 has no side effects, unlike conventional antitumor drugs, and that it is effective against many diseases caused by oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Recently, there has been an increasing number of papers on the efficacy of H2 against cancer and its effects in mitigating the side effects of cancer treatment. In this review, we demonstrate the efficacy and safety of H2 as a novel antitumor agent and show that its mechanisms may not only involve the direct scavenging of ·OH, but also other indirect biological defense mechanisms via the regulation of gene expression.
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Mitochondria at Work: New Insights into Regulation and Dysregulation of Cellular Energy Supply and Metabolism. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110526. [PMID: 33266387 PMCID: PMC7700424 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are of great relevance to health, and their dysregulation is associated with major chronic diseases. Research on mitochondria-156 brand new publications from 2019 and 2020-have contributed to this review. Mitochondria have been fundamental for the evolution of complex organisms. As important and semi-autonomous organelles in cells, they can adapt their function to the needs of the respective organ. They can program their function to energy supply (e.g., to keep heart muscle cells going, life-long) or to metabolism (e.g., to support hepatocytes and liver function). The capacity of mitochondria to re-program between different options is important for all cell types that are capable of changing between a resting state and cell proliferation, such as stem cells and immune cells. Major chronic diseases are characterized by mitochondrial dysregulation. This will be exemplified by cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, immune system disorders, and cancer. New strategies for intervention in chronic diseases will be presented. The tumor microenvironment can be considered a battlefield between cancer and immune defense, competing for energy supply and metabolism. Cancer cachexia is considered as a final stage of cancer progression. Nevertheless, the review will present an example of complete remission of cachexia via immune cell transfer. These findings should encourage studies along the lines of mitochondria, energy supply, and metabolism.
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