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Kalmatte A, Rekha PD, Ratnacaram CK. Emerging cell cycle related non-coding RNA biomarkers from saliva and blood for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9479-9496. [PMID: 37717257 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08791-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The unnotified or undifferentiable early stages of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression are the prime reasons for late-stage detection and poor survival outcomes of oral cancer. This review summarizes the prior research and recent advancements on the influence of dysregulated non-coding RNA (ncRNA) on cell cycle and their employability as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of oral cancer. The literature search was performed using the following keywords: 'serum/saliva non-coding RNAs' and 'serum/saliva non-coding RNAs and cell cycle', 'serum/saliva dysregulated ncRNAs and cell cycle', 'Cdk/CKI and ncRNAs', 'tissue ncRNAs' concerning 'oral cancer''. The compiled data focuses mainly on the diagnostic and prognostic significance of MicroRNAs (miRNAs), Circular RNAs (circRNAs), and Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) on oral cancer and all other cancers as well as subject-relevant articles published in languages other than English are beyond the scope of this review and excluded from the study. Moreover, articles focusing on DNA, protein, and metabolite markers are eliminated from the study. While there exist various potential biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites, and specific antigens representing predictive biomarkers in body fluids for oral cancer, this review completely focuses on non-coding RNAs restricted to saliva and blood, picking out a few of the reliable ones amongst the recent investigations based on the sophisticated techniques, cohort, and sensitivity as well as specificity, i.e., salivary miR-1307-5p, miR-3928, hsa_circ_0001874 and ENST00000412740, NR_131012, ENST00000588803, NR_038323, miR-21 in circulation. Thus, further studies are required to clinically confirm the usage of these non-invasive biomarkers in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asrarunissa Kalmatte
- Srinivas College Of Physiotherapy, City Campus, Pandeshwar, Mangaluru, Karnataka, 575001, India
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Punchappady Devasya Rekha
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Chandrahas Koumar Ratnacaram
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, 575018, India.
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Mohanan EM, Jhala D, More CB, Patel AK, Joshi C. Bioinformatics analysis of miRNA and its associated genes to identify potential biomarkers of oral submucous fibrosis and oral malignancy. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1787. [PMID: 36708238 PMCID: PMC10075298 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs are a group of non-coding RNA that controls the gene expression. The interaction between miRNA and mRNA is thought to be dynamic. Oral cancer "The cancer of mouth" is quite prevailing in developing countries. miRNA has been found associated with oral cancer targeting tumor growth, cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion. The significant association of miRNA with genes could be used as a remarkable tool for diagnosis as well as prognostic analysis of oral cancer. AIM The aim of the present study is to evaluate common upregulated and downregulated miRNAs in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral malignancy (OM) patients that can be used as diagnostic biomarkers, and to find out their interactions with target genes to establish associated networks in cancer pathways. METHODS AND RESULTS Using miRDeep2 and DESeq analysis, the upregulated and downregulated miRNA in OSMF (Oral Submucous Fibrosis) and OM (Oral Malignancies) samples were compared to GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) control dataset. There were 50 common downregulated miRNAs and 13 common upregulated miRNAs in OSMF and OM samples. miRNet analysis of common upregulated miRNA and common downregulated miRNA identified 1295 and 5954 genes, respectively connected with cancer pathways. From analysis of Hub genes, HRAS, STAT3, TP53, MYC, PTEN, CTNNB1, CCND1, JUN, VEGFA, KRAS were found associated with downregulated miRNA and VEGFA, TP53, MDM2, PTEN, MYC, ERBB2, CDKN1A, HSP90AA1, CCND1, AKTI were found associated with upregulated miRNA. The gene enrichment analysis of these hub genes were associated with cell communication, metabolic process, cell proliferation, and cellular component organization. Hub Genes linked with upregulated miRNA had an enrichment ratio of 11.828, whereas hub genes linked with downregulated miRNA had an enrichment ratio of 45.912. CONCLUSION We identified common deregulated miRNAs between OSMF and OM patients, which were further analyzed to find out associations with the genes correlated to cancer pathways. The hub genes identified in this study were found to have a significant impact on tumor growth and carcinogenesis. Also, the enrichment of these genes has revealed that the genes are associated with cellular communication, metabolic processes and various biological regulation. These deregulated miRNAs can be used to make a panel of biomarkers to diagnose oral cancer from blood even before its onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezhuthachan Mithu Mohanan
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhwani Jhala
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Chandramani B More
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, K.M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Amrutlal K Patel
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Chaitanya Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Zhao Y, Shi J, Zhao Y, Lu Z. SNHG1/miR-186/FUT8 regulates cell migration and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2023; 29:105-115. [PMID: 33872442 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, lncRNAs are associated with the progression and development of various cancers. We aimed to explore the effects of lncRNA SNHG1 on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used for measurement of SNHG1 in OSCC cells. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were detected by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, Cell Death Detection ELISA PLUS kit, and transwell assays. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were used to clarify the relationship between SNHG1 and miR-186. SNHG1 was overexpressed in OSCC cells. SNHG1 silencing prevented cell proliferation and increased the incidence of apoptosis, DNA fragments, cleaved-caspase 3, and Bax protein levels. Cell migration and invasion were reduced after SNHG1 deletion, and MMP2 and MMP9 protein levels were decreased. SNHG1 overexpression promoted cell survival, migration, and invasion, reduced DNA fragments formation. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that SNHG1 could directly bind to miR-186 and positively regulated α1, 6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) level. Functional investigation showed that miR-186 depletion reversed the roles of SNHG1 silencing in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. Taken together, our findings illuminated that SNHG1 regulated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by sponging miR-186 to depress FUT8 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Zhao
- Department of General Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, (Henan Stomatological Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yankun Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Songzi People's Hospital, Songzi, China
| | - Zhifang Lu
- Department of Stomatology, XD Group Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Dar GM, Agarwal S, Kumar A, Nimisha, Apurva, Sharma AK, Verma R, Sattar RSA, Ahmad E, Ali A, Mahajan B, Saluja SS, Meher R. A non-invasive miRNA-based approach in early diagnosis and therapeutics of oral cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 180:103850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Dar GM, Agarwal S, Kumar A, Nimisha, Apurva, Sharma AK, Verma R, Sattar RSA, Ahmad E, Ali A, Mahajan B, Saluja SS, Meher R. A non-invasive miRNA-based approach in early diagnosis and therapeutics of oral cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 180:103850. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
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miR-3651 Participates in the Growth Cycle of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and Promotes the Malignant Metastasis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signalling Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5744999. [PMID: 36245984 PMCID: PMC9553513 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5744999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows a growing incidence over the past few years, and clinical efforts are made to search for more effective novel diagnosis and therapy regimen for it to improve its outcome. This study probed into the association of miR-3651 with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to offer a more detailed reference to the follow-up exploration of novel diagnosis and therapy methods of HCC. Methods Totally, 83 patients with HCC treated in our hospital between Apr. 2017 and Aug. 2018, 100 patients with simple liver cirrhosis (LC), and 94 normal persons over the same time span were enrolled, and serum miR-3651 in them was quantified to understand the predictive and prognostic significance of miR-3651 for HCC. In addition, with purchased human HCC cell strains (HepG2), the impacts of miR-3651 on the invasion as well as proliferation of HepG2 were determined using the MTT and Transwell assays, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and autophagy-associated proteins in HepG2 were quantified via WT. Results Serum miR-3651 was found to be higher in HCC patients than in LC patients and normal persons, and it presented a sensitivity and specificity of 57.14% and 94.00%, respectively, in forecasting the occurrence of HCC in LC patients. The decrease of miR-3651 in HCC patients after therapy was strongly bound up with patients' prognosis, and its increase implied an increased risk of death. In in vitro assays, HepG2 presented higher miR-3651 expression than HL-7702, and upregulated miR-3651 intensified the invasion and proliferation of HepG2, while silencing miR-3651 gave rise to opposite results. Additionally, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in HepG2 presented an obvious activation state, and its activation was further intensified after increase of miR-3651, while its activation was suppressed after silence of miR-3651. Moreover, HepG2 presented notably downregulated autophagy-associated proteins, and the increase of miR-3651 further suppressed the autophagy process, but with the intervention of BEZ235, the impacts of miR-3651 were completely reversed. Conclusion miR-3651 intensifies the growth and invasion of HCC cells through activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway, which is probably a breakthrough in the future diagnosis and therapy of HCC.
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Thomaidou AC, Batsaki P, Adamaki M, Goulielmaki M, Baxevanis CN, Zoumpourlis V, Fortis SP. Promising Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer: The Most Clinically Important miRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158257. [PMID: 35897831 PMCID: PMC9367895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors that extend from the oral cavity to the upper gastrointestinal tract. The principal etiologic factors for oral tumors include tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption, while human papillomavirus (HPV) infections have been accused of a high incidence of pharyngeal tumors. Accordingly, HPV detection has been extensively used to categorize carcinomas of the head and neck. The diverse nature of HNC highlights the necessity for novel, sensitive, and precise biomarkers for the prompt diagnosis of the disease, its successful monitoring, and the timely prognosis of patient clinical outcomes. In this context, the identification of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) and/or the detection of alterations in their expression patterns, in a variety of somatic fluids and tissues, could serve as valuable biomarkers for precision oncology. In the present review, we summarize some of the most frequently studied miRNAs (including miR-21, -375, -99, -34a, -200, -31, -125a/b, -196a/b, -9, -181a, -155, -146a, -23a, -16, -29, and let-7), their role as biomarkers, and their implication in HNC pathogenesis. Moreover, we designate the potential of given miRNAs and miRNA signatures as novel diagnostic and prognostic tools for successful patient stratification. Finally, we discuss the currently ongoing clinical trials that aim to identify the diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic utility of miRNAs in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsinoe C. Thomaidou
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.C.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Panagiota Batsaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Maria Adamaki
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.C.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Constantin N. Baxevanis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.C.T.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: (V.Z.); (S.P.F.); Tel.: +30-210-727-3730 (V.Z.); +30-210-640-9462 (S.P.F.)
| | - Sotirios P. Fortis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.Z.); (S.P.F.); Tel.: +30-210-727-3730 (V.Z.); +30-210-640-9462 (S.P.F.)
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miR-23a-3p Regulates Runx2 to Inhibit the Proliferation and Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8719542. [PMID: 35342401 PMCID: PMC8956426 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8719542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of microRNA-23a (miR-23a-3p) and Runx2 on malignant progression of oral cancer cells and their possible molecular mechanisms. Methods Fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-23a-3p and Runx2 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues and paracancerous tissues. The dual luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate the targeted regulation of miR-23a-3p on Runx2. A subcutaneous xenograft model was established to investigate the tumor-suppressive effect of miR-23a-3p. Cells were transfected with miR-23a-3p mimics and negative control NC. CCK-8 assay, EDU assay, Transwell assay, and clone formation assay were used to detect malignant evolution of cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Runx2, PTEN, and PI3K/Akt. The cells were simultaneously transfected with miR-23a-3p mimics and Runx2 to detect the malignant evolution of cells. Results The expression of miR-23a-3p was downregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues, while the expression of Runx2 was upregulated. Overexpression of miR-23a-3p or inhibition of Runx2 inhibited the malignant progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 and TSCCA. Overexpression of miR-23a-3p inhibits the growth of oral cancer tumors. miR-23a-3p inhibits the PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through Runx2. Overexpression of Runx2 reverses the tumor-suppressive effect of miR-23a-3p. Conclusion miR-23a-3p can inhibit the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by targeting Runx2 and inhibit the malignant evolution of oral cancer.
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Qiu K, Song Y, Rao Y, Liu Q, Cheng D, Pang W, Ren J, Zhao Y. Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of MicroRNAs in Metastasis and Recurrence of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:711171. [PMID: 34646767 PMCID: PMC8503605 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.711171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have been proven to make remarkable differences in the clinical behaviors of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aims to systematically analyze whether differential expression levels of microRNAs are related to recurrence or metastasis in patients with HNSCC. A comprehensive search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL was conducted up to July 24th, 2021. Data were collected and combined from studies reporting recurrence-free survival (RFS) of HNSCC patients with high microRNA expression compared to those with low expression. Besides, studies providing necessary data for evaluating the diagnostic value of microRNAs for detecting recurrence and metastasis based on their expression levels were also included and combined. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) value for the outcomes of RFS in 1,093 HNSCC samples from 10 studies was 2.51 (95%CI: 2.13–2.96). A sensitivity of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.72–0.85) and specificity of 0.77 (95%CI: 0.68–0.83) were observed in three studies, of which 93 patients with recurrence and 82 nonrecurrence controls were included, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.81–0.88). Additionally, high diagnostic accuracy of microRNAs in detecting lymph node metastasis (LNM) was also reported. In conclusion, two panels of microRNAs showed the potential to predict recurrence or diagnose recurrence in HNSCC patients, respectively, which could facilitate prognosis prediction and diagnosis of clinical behaviors in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Qiu
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufang Rao
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiurui Liu
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danni Cheng
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wendu Pang
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianjun Ren
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Medical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhang HY, Ma JH. miR-105 Promotes the Progression and Predicts the Prognosis for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:11491-11499. [PMID: 33204160 PMCID: PMC7667180 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s262442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background miRNA-105 has been reported in a vast number of malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal, esophageal, breast and non-small lung cancers. Still, the biological role of miR-105 remains mostly uncovered in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods miR-105 expression in OSCC tissues and cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, while the prognostic significance of miR-105 was evaluated by Cox regression analysis with a cohort of 90 OSCC patients. The effects of miR-105 on the proliferation of tumor cells were analyzed by CCK-8 assay and crystal violet staining, while cell invasion was assessed by transwell assays. Results Our current work indicates that miR-105 was upregulated in human OSCC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, miR-105 expression was closely associated with tumor size as well as clinical and differentiation stages. Notably, an elevated expression of miR-105 may predict some poor clinical prognosis in OSCC patients. Furthermore, miR-105 overexpression can significantly promote the proliferation and invasion of OSCC cells, whereas downregulation of miR-105 inhibits these cellular events. Conclusion This study demonstrates that miR-105 can promote the proliferation and invasion of OSCC cells. High expression of miR-105 predicts poor prognosis for OSCC and, therefore, it may represent a prognostic biomarker and putative therapeutic target for patients affected by OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hui Ma
- Department of Stomatology, The 80th Group Army Hospital of the PLA, Weifang, Shandong 261021, People's Republic of China
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Gholipour M, Taheri M, Shirvani Farsani Z. MicroRNA profile in the squamous cell carcinoma: prognostic and diagnostic roles. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05436. [PMID: 33204886 PMCID: PMC7653070 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are human malignancies associated with both genetic and environmental factors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as a group of small non-coding RNAs have prominent roles in the development of this kind of cancer. Expressions of several miRNAs have been demonstrated to be increased in HNSCC samples vs. non-malignant tissues. In silico prediction tools and functional analyses have confirmed the function of some miRNAs in the modulation of cancer-associated targets, thus indicating these miRNAs as onco-miRs. Moreover, numerous miRNAs have been down-regulated in HNSCC samples. Their targets mostly enhance cell proliferation or inhibit apoptosis. miRNAs signature has practical implications in the diagnosis, staging, and management of HNSC. Most notably, numerous miRNAs have been shown to alter response of tumor cells to anti-cancer drugs such as cisplatin and doxorubicin. Circulating levels of these small transcripts have been suggested as promising biomarkers for diagnosis of HNSCC. In the present manuscript, we sum up the available literature regarding the miRNAs signature in HNSCC and their role as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Shirvani Farsani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
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Deutsch FT, Khoury SJ, Sunwoo JB, Elliott MS, Tran NT. Application of salivary noncoding microRNAs for the diagnosis of oral cancers. Head Neck 2020; 42:3072-3083. [PMID: 32686879 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is on the rise globally and survival rates, despite improvements in clinical care, have not significantly improved. Early detection followed by immediate intervention is key to improving patient outcomes. The use of biomarkers has changed the diagnostic landscape for many cancers. For oral cancers, visual inspection followed by a tissue biopsy is standard practice. The discovery of microRNAs as potential biomarkers has attracted clinical interest but several challenges remain. These microRNAs can be found in bodily fluids such as blood and saliva which have been investigated as potential sources of biomarker discovery. As oral cancer is localized within the oral cavity, saliva may contain clinically relevant molecular markers for disease detection. Our review provides an outline of the current advances for the application of salivary microRNAs in oral cancer. We also provide a technical guide for the processing of salivary RNAs to ensure accurate clinical measurement and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona T Deutsch
- School Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samantha J Khoury
- Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor Innovation and Enterprise, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John B Sunwoo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael S Elliott
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nham T Tran
- School Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia.,The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Ghosh RD, Pattatheyil A, Roychoudhury S. Functional Landscape of Dysregulated MicroRNAs in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Implications. Front Oncol 2020; 10:619. [PMID: 32547936 PMCID: PMC7274490 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) dysregulation is associated with the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and its elucidation could potentially provide information on patient outcome. A growing body of translational research on miRNA biology is focusing on precision oncology, aiming to decode the miRNA regulatory network in the development and progression of cancer. Tissue-specific expression and stable presence in all body fluids are unique features of miRNAs, which could be potentially exploited in the clinical setting. Recent understanding of miRNA properties has led them to be useful, attractive, and potential tools either as biomarkers (distinct miRNA expression signature) for diagnosis and prognostic outcomes or as targets for novel therapeutic entities, enabling personalized treatment for OSCC. In this review, we discuss recent research on different aspects of alterations in miRNA profiles along with their clinical significance and strive to identify probable potential miRNA biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC. We also discuss the current understanding and scope of development of miRNA-based therapeutics against OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruma Dey Ghosh
- Tata Translational Cancer Research Center, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Arun Pattatheyil
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
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Browne DJ, Brady JL, Waardenberg AJ, Loiseau C, Doolan DL. An Analytically and Diagnostically Sensitive RNA Extraction and RT-qPCR Protocol for Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:402. [PMID: 32265908 PMCID: PMC7098950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable extraction and sensitive detection of RNA from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is critical for a broad spectrum of immunology research and clinical diagnostics. RNA analysis platforms are dependent upon high-quality and high-quantity RNA; however, sensitive detection of specific responses associated with high-quality RNA extractions from human samples with limited PBMCs can be challenging. Furthermore, the comparative sensitivity between RNA quantification and best-practice protein quantification is poorly defined. Therefore, we provide herein a critical evaluation of the wide variety of current generation of RNA-based kits for PBMCs, representative of several strategies designed to maximize sensitivity. We assess these kits with a reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay optimized for both analytically and diagnostically sensitive cell-based RNA-based applications. Specifically, three RNA extraction kits, one post-extraction RNA purification/concentration kit, four SYBR master-mix kits, and four reverse transcription kits were tested. RNA extraction and RT-qPCR reaction efficiency were evaluated with commonly used reference and cytokine genes. Significant variation in RNA expression of reference genes was apparent, and absolute quantification based on cell number was established as an effective RT-qPCR normalization strategy. We defined an optimized RNA extraction and RT-qPCR protocol with an analytical sensitivity capable of single cell RNA detection. The diagnostic sensitivity of this assay was sufficient to show a CD8+ T cell peptide epitope hierarchy with as few as 1 × 104 cells. Finally, we compared our optimized RNA extraction and RT-qPCR protocol with current best-practice immune assays and demonstrated that our assay is a sensitive alternative to protein-based assays for peptide-specific responses, especially with limited PBMCs number. This protocol with high analytical and diagnostic sensitivity has broad applicability for both primary research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Browne
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Jamie L Brady
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Ashley J Waardenberg
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Claire Loiseau
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
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15
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Recurrence-Associated Multi-RNA Signature to Predict Disease-Free Survival for Ovarian Cancer Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1618527. [PMID: 32149080 PMCID: PMC7044477 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1618527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is an intractable gynecological malignancy due to the high recurrence rate. Several molecular biomarkers have been previously screened for early identifying patients with a high recurrence risk and poor prognosis. However, all the known studies focused on a single type of RNAs, not integrating various types. This study was to construct a new multi-RNA-based model to predict the recurrence and prognosis for OvCa patients by using the messenger RNA (mRNA, including long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)) and microRNA (miRNA) sequencing data of The Cancer Genome Atlas database. After univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analyses, a multi-RNA-based signature (2 miRNAs: hsa-miR-508, hsa-miR-506; 1 lncRNA: TM4SF1-AS1; 11 mRNAs: MAGI3, SLAMF7, GLI2, PDK1, ARID3A, PLEKHG4B, TNFAIP8L3, C1QTNF3, NDUFAF1, CH25H, TMEM129) was generated and used to establish a risk score model. The high- and low-risk patients classified by the median risk score exhibited significantly different recurrence risks (89% versus 61%, p < 0.001) and survival time (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.901 for 5-year disease-free survival (DFS)). This risk model was independent of other clinical features and superior to pathologic staging for DFS prediction (AUC, 0.906 versus 0.524; C-index, 0.633 versus 0.510). Furthermore, some new interaction axes were revealed to explain the possible functions of these RNAs (competing endogenous RNA: TM4SF1-AS1-miR-186-STEAP2, LINC00536-miR-508-STEAP2, LINC00475-miR-506-TMEM129; coexpression: LINC00598-PLEKHG4B). In conclusion, this multi-RNA-based risk model may be clinically useful to stratify OvCa patients with different recurrence risks and survival outcomes and included RNAs may be potential therapeutic targets.
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16
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Wang Z, Sha HH, Li HJ. Functions and mechanisms of miR-186 in human cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 119:109428. [PMID: 31525641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Mounting evidence suggests the involvement of miRNAs in carcinogenesis and the development of human cancer. Among the miRNAs, miR-186 has been extensively studied in various cancers. The expression of miR-186 in tissues varies depending on the type of cancer and miR-186 in tissues and body fluids may serve as a marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers. Various biological processes in human cancer are affected by miR-186. Additionally, miR-186 itself is regulated by several factors. Thus, this evidence highlights the potential value of miR-186 in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan-Huan Sha
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Fang C, Li Y. Prospective applications of microRNAs in oral cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3974-3984. [PMID: 31579085 PMCID: PMC6757290 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules that are generally encoded by endogenous genes and exert suppressive effects on post-transcriptional regulation of their target genes by translation repression or degradation of mRNA. This subsequently mediates activation or blocking of downstream signaling pathways associated with oral malignancies. Aberrant levels of certain miRNAs have been identified in cell experiments, clinical carcinomatous specimens, saliva, serum or plasma samples of patients with oral malignancies. miRNAs are associated with multiple aspects of oral cancer, including tumor growth, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, metastasis, glycometabolism, radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity. miRNAs have the potential to be used in clinical applications as minimally invasive or non-invasive tools for early diagnosis and prognosis by the detection of serum, plasma and saliva levels, and may provide a new ancillary or additional reference index of traditional pathological grading and clinical staging. Furthermore, miRNAs may be used as prognostic biomarkers or targets for novel therapies for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Fang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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18
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Dharmawardana N, Ooi EH, Woods C, Hussey D. Circulating microRNAs in head and neck cancer: a scoping review of methods. Clin Exp Metastasis 2019; 36:291-302. [PMID: 30877500 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-09961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs have been described as head and neck cancer biomarkers in multiple anatomical subsites including the oral cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, salivary glands and the skin. While there is an expanding volume of published literature showing the significance of individual or panels of microRNAs, the clinical validation of candidate biomarkers is lacking. The various methods used to collect, store, process and interpret these microRNAs are likely introducing bias and contributing to the inconsistent results. A systematic scoping review was conducted using PRISMA standards to identify published English literature between 2007 and 2018. Pubmed and EMBASE databases were searched using specific keyword combinations related to head and neck cancer, circulating samples (whole blood, plasma or serum) and microRNA. Following the title and abstract review, two primary authors appraised the articles for their suitability to include in the review based on the detail of methodological descriptions. Thirty suitable articles were identified relating to nasopharyngeal carcinoma, oral cavity, oropharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma as well as primary salivary gland malignancies. Comprehensive methodological analysis identified poor reporting of detailed methodology, variations in collection, storage, pre-processing, RNA isolation and relative quantification including normalisation method. We recommend standardising the pre-processing, RNA isolation, normalisation and relative quantitation steps at biomarker discovery phase. Such standardisation would allow for bias minimisation and effective progression into clinical validation phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuwan Dharmawardana
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia.
- Discipline of Surgery, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia.
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia.
| | - Eng Hooi Ooi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Charmaine Woods
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Damian Hussey
- Discipline of Surgery, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
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19
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Moratin J, Hartmann S, Brands RC, Horn D, Fuchs A, Mutzbauer G, Seher A, Scholz C, Müller-Richter UDA, Linz C. MicroRNA expression correlates with disease recurrence and overall survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2019; 47:523-529. [PMID: 30709758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Locoregional disease recurrence and metastatic events are the leading causes of death and the most important prognostic factors in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A major goal of oncology is the identification of clinical and molecular parameters to evaluate the individual risk of recurrence. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to correlate well with tumor size and differentiation. Therefore, they are candidate biomarkers for estimating clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the expression levels of distinct miRNAs extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma were compared. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between distinct miRNAs and disease recurrence (miR-99*, miR-194*; p < 0.05) and overall survival (miR-99*; p < 0.05). The results were then validated via data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). CONCLUSIONS Our data show that miR-99* and miR-194* can possibly serve as biomarkers for clinical outcome in HNSCC. These findings may help to identify high-risk patients, who could profit from a more individualized treatment and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Moratin
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Hartmann
- University of Würzburg, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roman C Brands
- University of Würzburg, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Horn
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany; University of Saarland, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Kirrberger Str. 100, D-66424, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fuchs
- University of Würzburg, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Grit Mutzbauer
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Pathology, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Axel Seher
- University of Würzburg, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claus Scholz
- University of Würzburg, Core Unit Systems Medicine, Sanderring 2, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Urs D A Müller-Richter
- University of Würzburg, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Linz
- University of Würzburg, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
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20
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MicroRNA-186 serves as a tumor suppressor in oral squamous cell carcinoma by negatively regulating the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 expression. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 89:20-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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