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Wang S, Wang YF, Yang G, Zhang HH, Yuan HF, Hou CY, Zhao LN, Suo YH, Sun J, Sun LL, Lv P, Sun Y, Zhang NN, Zhang XD, Lu W. Heat shock protein family A member 8 serving as a co-activator of transcriptional factor ETV4 up-regulates PHLDA2 to promote the growth of liver cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2525-2536. [PMID: 37474643 PMCID: PMC10692233 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein family A member 8 (HSPA8) participates in the folding or degradation of misfolded proteins under stress and plays critical roles in cancer. In this study, we investigated the function of HSPA8 in the development of liver cancer. By analyzing the TCGA transcriptome dataset, we found that HSPA8 was upregulated in 134 clinical liver cancer tissue samples, and positively correlated with poor prognosis. IHC staining showed the nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of HSPA8 in liver cancer cells. Knockdown of HSPA8 resulted in a decrease in the proliferation of HepG2 and Huh-7 cells. ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analysis revealed that HSPA8 bound to the promoter of pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 2 (PHLDA2) and regulated its expression. The transcription factor ETV4 in HepG2 cells activated PHLDA2 transcription. HSPA8 and ETV4 could interact with each other in the cells and colocalize in the nucleus. From a functional perspective, we demonstrated that HSPA8 upregulated PHDLA2 through the coactivating transcription factor ETV4 to enhance the growth of liver cancer in vitro and in vivo. From a therapeutic perspective, we identified both HSPA8 and PHDLA2 as novel targets in the treatment of HCC. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that HSPA8 serves as a coactivator of ETV4 and upregulates PHLDA2, leading to the growth of HCC, and is a potential therapeutic target in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Liver Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yu-Fei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute, and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute, and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Hui-Hui Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute, and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Hong-Feng Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute, and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Chun-Yu Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute, and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Li-Na Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute, and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yu-Hong Suo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Liver Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Liver Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Lin-Lin Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Liver Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Pan Lv
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute, and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Ning-Ning Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Liver Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute, and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Liver Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Liu Y, Zhou H, Tang X. STUB1/CHIP: New insights in cancer and immunity. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115190. [PMID: 37506582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The STUB1 gene (STIP1 homology and U-box-containing protein 1), located at 16q13.3, encodes the CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein), an essential E3 ligase involved in protein quality control. CHIP comprises three domains: an N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain, a middle coiled-coil domain, and a C-terminal U-box domain. It functions as a co-chaperone for heat shock protein (HSP) via the TPR domain and as an E3 ligase, ubiquitinating substrates through its U-box domain. Numerous studies suggest that STUB1 plays a crucial role in various physiological process, such as aging, autophagy, and bone remodeling. Moreover, emerging evidence has shown that STUB1 can degrade oncoproteins to exert tumor-suppressive functions, and it has recently emerged as a novel player in tumor immunity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of STUB1's role in cancer, including its clinical significance, impact on tumor progression, dual roles, tumor stem cell-like properties, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and DNA repair. In addition, we explore STUB1's functions in immune cell differentiation and maturation, inflammation, autoimmunity, antiviral immune response, and tumor immunity. Collectively, STUB1 represents a promising and valuable therapeutic target in cancer and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuo Liu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Honghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Center for Big Data Research in Health, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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You Y, Tian Z, Du Z, Wu K, Xu G, Dai M, Wang Y, Xiao M. M1-like tumor-associated macrophages cascade a mesenchymal/stem-like phenotype of oral squamous cell carcinoma via the IL6/Stat3/THBS1 feedback loop. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:10. [PMID: 34991668 PMCID: PMC8734049 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have a leading position in the tumor microenvironment. Previously, we have demonstrated that M1-like TAMs activated by exosome-transferred THBS1 promote malignant migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the functional roles and associated molecular mechanisms of the activated M1-like TAMs need to be further clarified in OSCC. METHODS Conditioned Media (CM) were harvested from the exosome activated M1-like TAMs. We measured the malignant behaviors of OSCC under the treatment of CM from M1-like TAMs by performing colony forming assays, invasion assays, wound-healing assays, spheroid forming assays and in vivo xenograft experiments. The underlying mechanisms were investigated by RNA-seq, cytokines analysis, intracellular signaling pathway analysis, ChIP assays, bioinformatics analysis and validation. RESULTS M1-like TAMs significantly promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, and induced the cancer-stem like cells (CSCs) by upregulating the expression of MME and MMP14 in OSCC cells. Cytokine analysis revealed a shark increase of IL6 secretion from M1-like TAMs. Blocking IL6 in the CM from M1-like TAMs could significantly weaken its effects on the colony forming, invasion, migration, microsphere forming and xenograft forming abilities of OSCC cells. Cellular signaling assays indicated the activation of Jak/Stat3 pathway in the OSCC cells treated by the CM from M1-like TAMs. Blocking the activation of the Jak/Stat3 pathway could significantly weaken the effects of M1-like TAMs on the colony forming, invasion, migration, microsphere forming and xenograft forming abilities of OSCC cells. Further RNA-seq analysis and bioinformatics analysis revealed an increased expression of THBS1 in the OSCC cells treated by M1-like TAMs. Bioinformatics prediction and ChIP assays revealed the activation of Stat3 by CM from M1-like TAMs could directly promote the transcription of THBS1 in OSCC cells. CONCLUSIONS We proposed that M1-like TAMs could cascade a mesenchymal/stem-like phenotype of OSCC via the IL6/Stat3/THBS1 feedback loop. A better understanding on the functional roles and associated molecular mechanisms of M1-like TAMs might facilitate the development of novel therapies for supplementing the current treatment strategies for OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhe You
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuowei Tian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Du
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kailiu Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guisong Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Meilu Dai
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan'an Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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With or without You: Co-Chaperones Mediate Health and Disease by Modifying Chaperone Function and Protein Triage. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113121. [PMID: 34831344 PMCID: PMC8619055 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of molecular chaperones that regulate essential protein refolding and triage decisions to maintain protein homeostasis. Numerous co-chaperone proteins directly interact and modify the function of HSPs, and these interactions impact the outcome of protein triage, impacting everything from structural proteins to cell signaling mediators. The chaperone/co-chaperone machinery protects against various stressors to ensure cellular function in the face of stress. However, coding mutations, expression changes, and post-translational modifications of the chaperone/co-chaperone machinery can alter the cellular stress response. Importantly, these dysfunctions appear to contribute to numerous human diseases. Therapeutic targeting of chaperones is an attractive but challenging approach due to the vast functions of HSPs, likely contributing to the off-target effects of these therapies. Current efforts focus on targeting co-chaperones to develop precise treatments for numerous diseases caused by defects in protein quality control. This review focuses on the recent developments regarding selected HSP70/HSP90 co-chaperones, with a concentration on cardioprotection, neuroprotection, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. We also discuss therapeutic approaches that highlight both the utility and challenges of targeting co-chaperones.
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Kumar S, Basu M, Ghosh MK. Chaperone-assisted E3 ligase CHIP: A double agent in cancer. Genes Dis 2021; 9:1521-1555. [PMID: 36157498 PMCID: PMC9485218 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The carboxy-terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) is a ubiquitin ligase and co-chaperone belonging to Ubox family that plays a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by switching the equilibrium of the folding-refolding mechanism towards the proteasomal or lysosomal degradation pathway. It links molecular chaperones viz. HSC70, HSP70 and HSP90 with ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), acting as a quality control system. CHIP contains charged domain in between N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) and C-terminal Ubox domain. TPR domain interacts with the aberrant client proteins via chaperones while Ubox domain facilitates the ubiquitin transfer to the client proteins for ubiquitination. Thus, CHIP is a classic molecule that executes ubiquitination for degradation of client proteins. Further, CHIP has been found to be indulged in cellular differentiation, proliferation, metastasis and tumorigenesis. Additionally, CHIP can play its dual role as a tumor suppressor as well as an oncogene in numerous malignancies, thus acting as a double agent. Here, in this review, we have reported almost all substrates of CHIP established till date and classified them according to the hallmarks of cancer. In addition, we discussed about its architectural alignment, tissue specific expression, sub-cellular localization, folding-refolding mechanisms of client proteins, E4 ligase activity, normal physiological roles, as well as involvement in various diseases and tumor biology. Further, we aim to discuss its importance in HSP90 inhibitors mediated cancer therapy. Thus, this report concludes that CHIP may be a promising and worthy drug target towards pharmaceutical industry for drug development.
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Ranek MJ, Oeing C, Sanchez-Hodge R, Kokkonen-Simon KM, Dillard D, Aslam MI, Rainer PP, Mishra S, Dunkerly-Eyring B, Holewinski RJ, Virus C, Zhang H, Mannion MM, Agrawal V, Hahn V, Lee DI, Sasaki M, Van Eyk JE, Willis MS, Page RC, Schisler JC, Kass DA. CHIP phosphorylation by protein kinase G enhances protein quality control and attenuates cardiac ischemic injury. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5237. [PMID: 33082318 PMCID: PMC7575552 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteotoxicity from insufficient clearance of misfolded/damaged proteins underlies many diseases. Carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) is an important regulator of proteostasis in many cells, having E3-ligase and chaperone functions and often directing damaged proteins towards proteasome recycling. While enhancing CHIP functionality has broad therapeutic potential, prior efforts have all relied on genetic upregulation. Here we report that CHIP-mediated protein turnover is markedly post-translationally enhanced by direct protein kinase G (PKG) phosphorylation at S20 (mouse, S19 human). This increases CHIP binding affinity to Hsc70, CHIP protein half-life, and consequent clearance of stress-induced ubiquitinated-insoluble proteins. PKG-mediated CHIP-pS20 or expressing CHIP-S20E (phosphomimetic) reduces ischemic proteo- and cytotoxicity, whereas a phospho-silenced CHIP-S20A amplifies both. In vivo, depressing PKG activity lowers CHIP-S20 phosphorylation and protein, exacerbating proteotoxicity and heart dysfunction after ischemic injury. CHIP-S20E knock-in mice better clear ubiquitinated proteins and are cardio-protected. PKG activation provides post-translational enhancement of protein quality control via CHIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Ranek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Christian Oeing
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rebekah Sanchez-Hodge
- Division of Cardiology, McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kristen M Kokkonen-Simon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Danielle Dillard
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - M Imran Aslam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Peter P Rainer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Sumita Mishra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Brittany Dunkerly-Eyring
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ronald J Holewinski
- Cedar Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, 8700 Beverly Blvd, AHSP A9229, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Cornelia Virus
- Division of Cardiology, McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Huaqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Matthew M Mannion
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Vineet Agrawal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Virginia Hahn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Dong I Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Masayuki Sasaki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Cedar Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, 8700 Beverly Blvd, AHSP A9229, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Monte S Willis
- Division of Cardiology, McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Richard C Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Jonathan C Schisler
- Division of Cardiology, McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - David A Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Wang M, Dai W, Ke Z, Li Y. Functional roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:22. [PMID: 32774495 PMCID: PMC7405480 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, >650 E3 ubiquitin ligases have been described in humans, including >600 really interesting new genes (RINGs), 28 homologous to E6-associated protein C-terminus (HECTs) and several RING-in-between-RINGs. They are considered key regulators and therapeutic targets of many types of human cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). Among them, some RING and HECT E3 ligases are closely related to the proliferation, infiltration and prognosis of GC. During the past few years, abnormal expressions and functions of many E3 ligases have been identified in GC. However, the functional roles of E3 ligases in GC have not been fully elucidated. The present article focuses on the functional roles of E3 ligases related to the proteasome in GC. In this comprehensive review, the latest research progress on E3 ligases involved in GC and elaborate their structure, classification, functional roles and therapeutic value in GC was summarized. Finally, 30 E3 ligases that serve essential roles in regulating the development of GC were described. Some of these ligases may serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in GC, whereas the pathological mechanism of others needs further study; for example, constitutive photomorphogenic 1. In conclusion, the present review demonstrated that E3 ligases are crucial tumor regulatory factors and potential therapeutic targets in GC. Therefore, more studies should focus on the therapeutic targeting of E3 ligases in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zhangyan Ke
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Liu CM, Yu CC, Lin T, Liao YW, Hsieh PL, Yu CH, Lee SS. E3 ligase STUB1 attenuates stemness and tumorigenicity of oral carcinoma cells via transglutaminase 2 regulation. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 119:1532-1538. [PMID: 32553686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Oral cancer is amongst the most prevalent cancers worldwide with rising incidence. Various attempts have been made to elucidate its pathogenesis, and we sought to examine the function of a ubiquitin E3 ligase that was encoded by STUB1. METHODS The mRNA expression of STUB1 in oral cancer samples and normal counterparts was determined by qRT-PCR. Numerous assays to assess the features of cancer cells, including self-renewal capacity, invasion and migration abilities were conducted following knockdown or overexpression of STUB1. RESULTS The expression level of STUB1 was reduced in oral cancer, which was associated with a reduced relapse-free survival. Two oral cancer cell lines with low expression of STUB1 (SAS and HSC3) were chosen for the overexpression of STUB1. We showed that ectopic expression of STUB1 led to the downregulation of TGM2, a multifunctional protein that contributed to cancer progression in several cancers. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of STUB1 suppressed the cancer aggressiveness, while restoration of TGM2 reverted the effects. Last, we showed that STUB1 silencing resulted in enhanced cancer features. CONCLUSION The abnormal downregulation of STUB1 may lessen its suppressive effect on TGM2, which induced the onset or exacerbated the progression of oral cancer. The therapeutic approach to enhance the expression of STUB1 could be a promising direction for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ming Liu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Taichen Lin
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Liao
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Hang Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shiuan-Shinn Lee
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Prognostic Significance of CHIP and RIPK3 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061496. [PMID: 32521727 PMCID: PMC7352347 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
RIPK3 is a key regulator of necroptosis, which plays a double-edged sword role in tumor progression. CHIP is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates necroptosis by degrading RIPK3. Here, we investigated the prognostic value of RIPK3 and CHIP expression in 404 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Expressions of CHIP and RIPK3 showed opposite correlations with survival. CHIP expression was associated with the longer overall survival (OS), whereas RIPK3 expression was associated with the shorter OS. RIPK3 positivity showed marginal association with shorter OS and disease-free survival (DFS) in adjuvant radiotherapy recipients but not in non-recipients, suggesting that necroptosis may induce radioresistance. In multivariate analysis, CHIP expression was associated with longer OS. Compared with other patients, CHIP(−)/RIPK3(+) patients had shorter OS and DFS. In summary, in patients with NSCLC, the expression of CHIP was an independent favorable prognostic factor while that of RIPK3 was an adverse prognostic factor.
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Liu J, Xiao M, Wang Y. Oral sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective study based on 14 cases. Histol Histopathol 2019; 35:385-394. [PMID: 31642511 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The treatment outcomes for oral sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma (OSSCC) are far from satisfactory in our hospital. The aim of this study was to retrospectively summarize the OSSCC cases admitted to our department. From 2003 to 2017, 14 patients were hospitalized and diagnosed with OSSCC. We summarized and analysed the medical histories, diagnostic examinations, treatment strategies, and clinical outcomes of the involved cases. Of the 14 cases, 8 were located in the gingiva. The imageological diagnosis identified the existence of a mass with an infiltrative morphology pre-operatively. The cytopathologic features revealed a malignant neoplasm with a mixture of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) components and spindle cell neoplastic components. To confirm the diagnosis of OSSCC, the use of the immunohistochemical markers AE1/AE3 and Vimentin were more indicative. Complete follow-up data were available for 12 patients, and at the last follow-up, all 12 of the patients had died. The median overall survival for these patients was 11.67 months (range: 3-24 months). OSSCC patients respond poorly to the strategies solely referring to experiences from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treatment. The effective diagnosis and treatment of OSSCC at an early stage is necessary. The treatment for OSSCC still poses a great challenge for clinical oncologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan'an Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Sun G, Cao Y, Xu Y, Huai D, Chen P, Guo J, Li M, Dai Y. Overexpression of Hsc70 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of human glioma cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10707-10714. [PMID: 30816582 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Migration and invasion are often recognized as the main reasons for the high recurrence and death rates of glioma and limit the efficacy of surgery and other antitumor therapies. In this study, we found over activation of heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) in human glioma specimens, which was closely related to glioma grade. We investigated whether Hsc70 induced the migration and invasion of glioma cells. Wound healing and transwell migration assay were used to determine the migration and invasion ability of human glioma U251 and U87 cells, in which the expression of Hsc70 was knocked down by small interfering RNA. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of FAK-Src signaling in malignant glioma cells. The results showed that Hsc70 deficiency significantly retarded migration and invasion and reduced the phosphorylation of FAK, Src, and Pyk2 in U251 and U87 cells. Overall, our results indicate that the migration and invasion capacity of human brain glioma cells is at least partly induced by Hsc70-dependent activation of FAK-Src signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, P. R. China
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Ear-Nose-Throat, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, P. R. China
| | - Yitian Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - De Huai
- Department of Ear-Nose-Throat, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, P. R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Oncology, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, P. R. China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangning Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yuyu Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, P. R. China
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